Polymorphisms in the neurokinin-2 receptor gene are associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced cough

Kim, T.-B.,Oh, S.-Y.,Park, H.-K.,Jeon, S.-G.,Chang, Y.-S.,Lee, K.-Y.,Cho, Y. S.,Chae, I.-H.,Kim, Y.-K.,Cho, S.-H.,Moon, H.-B.,Min, K.-U.,Kim, Y.-Y. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2009 Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics Vol.34 No.4

<P>Summary</P><P>Background and objective: </P><P>Treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors can induce chronic cough in many patients. Genetic variations in the neurokinin 2 receptor gene (NK2R) are significantly associated with cough sensitivity to capsaicin.</P><P>Methods: </P><P>This study assessed the relationship between genetic polymorphisms in the NK2R gene and chronic cough in 91 patients taking ACE inhibitors. Patients included in the study did not have chest abnormalities, postnasal drip, gastroesophageal reflux or a recent history of upper respiratory infection.</P><P>Results: </P><P>We detected two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the NK2R gene (i.e., Gly231Glu and Arg375His). The allelic frequencies at amino acid 231 were 36·3% for Gly/Gly, 49·5% for Gly/Glu and 14·3% for Glu/Glu. The allelic frequencies at amino acid 375 were 74·7% for Arg/Arg, 24·2% for Arg/His and 1·1% for His/His. The prevalence of chronic cough in patients with the amino acid 231 genotype was 33·3% in Gly/Gly homozygotes, 24·4% in Gly/Glu heterozygotes and 0% in Glu/Glu homozygotes. There was a statistically significant association between chronic cough and the Glu/Glu allele (<I>P</I> = 0·028) when the data were analyzed with a recessive model. In addition, there was a significant inverse linear association between the number of Glu231 alleles and ACE inhibitor-related cough (<I>P </I>=<I> </I>0·026). The prevalence of chronic cough in patients with the amino acid 375 genotype was 22·1% in Arg/Arg homozygotes, 31·8% in Arg/His heterozygotes and 0% in His/His homozygotes, although none of these association were statistically significant.</P><P>Conclusion: </P><P>Our findings indicate that the Gly231Glu polymorphism is associated with a lower prevalence of ACE inhibitor-related cough.</P>

慶熙醫療院 附屬韓方病院의 韓藥豫製劑 및 個別藥材 使用實態에 關한 硏究

尹相協,羅嶺雪,金鍾烈,張仁圭,柳基遠 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1989 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1989 No.3

In order to find out the current tendency of medication practiced for 8 years, 1980-1987, at the Oriental Medicine Hospital, Kyung-Hee University Medical Centre, the published data on the usage of herbal preparations and crude material medica were further analysed. In practice, four doctrines of prescriptions are currently in use in Korean traditional medicine, namely,(i) "sang-han" (originated from "Sang-Han-Lon") : (ii) "hu-se" (from so-called the late Chinese traditional medicine) : (iii) "sa-sang"(form Lee Chemas(李濟馬), Korean constitutional medicine) and (iv) oriental medical doctor's own empirical prescription. Some of important findings were as fellows : 1.The ratio between the use of two forms of medications packted herbs and herbal preparations(pills or liquid etc) was 59% and 41%. 2.Of 1,104 kinds of prescriptions available, numbers of prescriptions lead to consumption of more than 10,000 packets during any one year were 252, which occupied 23% of the total number of proscriptions issued. These 252 kinds of prescriptions were based on the following four doctrines perceived in Korean traditional medicine : "hu-se"(173 kinds or 69%) : "sa-sang"(52 or 20%) : doctor's own empirical(24 or 10%) and "sang-han"(3 or 1%). 3.The usage of 76 popular herbal preparations according to classification of disorders was : for general purpose, e.g., tonicum-21 kinds or 28% : gastroin-testinal disorders-17 or 22% ; neuro-psychiatric disorders-6 or 8% ; diseases of circulatory system-6 or 8% ; gynaecological disorders-5 or 7% : musculo-ske-letal disorders-4 or 5% ; paediatric disorders-4 or 5% etc etc in order. 4.The kind of prcscriptions which was ranked at the top in the consumption was "bo-hyul-an-shin-tang(補血安神湯)". A total of 313.914 packets was used for eight years. 5.The amount of the usage of crude herbs was highest for Fraxini cortex(陳皮). followed by Atractylodes rhizoma alba(白□), Angelicae gigantis(當歸), clycyrrhizae radix(甘草) and Dioscoreae rhizoma(山□). 6.The numbers of species of orudc herbs which were consumed more than 100kg during any one year were 131. Among them, diuretica comprising 11 material was ranked at the top.

Thermocline circulation and ventilation of the East/Japan Sea, part I: Water-mass characteristics and transports

You, Y.,Chang, K.I.,Yun, J.Y.,Kim, K.R. Pergamon Press 2010 Deep-sea research. Part II, Topical studies in oce Vol.57 No.13

The East/Japan Sea (EJS) has unique water-mass characteristics in the western Pacific marginal seas due to limited exchange with the open North Pacific. The major inflow of source water mass is North Pacific Subtropical Water (NPSW) carried by the Kuroshio branching and Tsushima Current. The locally formed cold/fresh waters from the Tatar Strait and Russia coast by winter convection mix with NPSW contributing to water-mass transformation, especially during winter when upper isopycnal surfaces outcrop and thermocline is ventilated. The geographic limit of the Korea/Tsushima Strait (KTS) with a sill depth of about 120-140dbar confines the inflow of lower NPSW, and so the EJS thermocline layer is somewhat truncated with a rather thin layer for about 100dbar. This study uses high resolution conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) and Argo data with a third decimal or higher accuracy for temperature and salinity obtained mainly by Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University through domestic and international collaboration with several Korean ocean research institutes and Russia and USA partners since early 1990s. The basin covered data were divided into summer and winter half-year representing seasonal difference since most CTD surveys were conducted purposely in summer and winter. Analysis is made for the upper layer, about 50-70dbar, from the surface to the upper main thermocline and the thermocline layer down to about 150-180dbar south of the subpolar front (SPF). The lower thermocline is defined slightly below the sill depth of the KTS, considering the deepening of NPSW after passing through the KTS. The thermocline layer is encompassed by three selected neutral density surfaces σ<SUB>N</SUB>25.8, 26.4 and 27.0 with a distance of about 40 dbar between two neighboring surfaces. The core of thermocline is followed by the σ<SUB>N</SUB>25.8 surface characterized by a salinity maximum and a minimum of potential vorticity. Winter convection is discussed and compared with three other major convection sites of the world's oceans, the Gulf of Lions, Labrador Sea and Greenland Sea, showing some common and distinctive features, especially the extremely low salinity of the EJS. Water-mass properties on neutral density surfaces are analyzed with the water-mass Turner angle (WTu) and circulation and transport are deducted from geostrophic calculations. From the 15-year mean hydrography, a basin-wide net annual mean transport of about 2.10+/-0.29Sv (1Sv=10<SUP>6</SUP><SUP>3</SUP><SUP>-1</SUP> is estimated with summer and winter transports of 2.56+/-0.36 and 1.63+/-0.23Sv, respectively. This transport is slightly less than the annual mean transport of the Tsushima Current at the KTS, 2.4Sv from cable and 2.3Sv from other direct current meter and geostrophic methods but matches the +/-14% error bar of +/-0.29Sv adjusted by +/-150dbar from the reference level of 800dbar. This error bar is close to the error of +/-0.34Sv determined from water-mass conservation residual in a separated study. Three mechanisms are discovered to explain the seasonal difference in the Tsushima Current transports: the stronger winter Ekman pumping, outcropping and southward crossing flow. During winter, the Tsushima Current branches are imposed under strong wind stress curl in the Ulleung Basin and Yamato Basin, showing a doubling Ekman downwelling transport, partly weakening the Tsushima Current flow in the eastern boundary. Meanwhile the thermocline isopycnal surfaces outcrop in winter, reducing volume transport due to reduced space and thickness. The southward currents in the southern Ulleung Basin and Yamato Basin are perpendicular to the Tsushima Current branches west of Japan, which weakens the eastern boundary current in winter.

충청지역에서 발생한 쭈쭈가무시병의 임상상, 원인균의 혈청형 및 혈청역학적 연구

김선영,김윤성,박장규,윤태영,강재승,송인숙,최명식,최인학,차창룡,이우곤,박종우,이증훈,장우현,유영해,윤광혁,송계용 대한감염학회 1989 감염 Vol.21 No.2

From September to december 1987, eighty-six cases of tsutsugamushi disease were diagnosed by indirect immunofluorecent test or by isolating the causative agent in Chungcheung area. Their clinical features and patterns of antibody response to R. tsutsugamushi were analyzed. For the indenfication of prevalent antigenic types of R. tsutsugamushi in Chungcheung area, twenty-seven strains isolated were tested by indirect immunofluorescent test. To assess the extent of exposure to R.tsutsugamushi of a general population in Korea, the prevalence of antibody was investigated in 6,572 sera obtained from the residents of Chungcheung area by indirect immunofluorescent test. The female patients slightly outnumbered the male patients. More cases (68%) were older than 40 years of age. The epidemic peaked in October. The mean incubation period estimated was about 8 days. The major clinical features were fever and chill, headache, rash, eschar, and lymphadenopathy. Increased serm transaminase was the most singificant laboratory findings. Abnormalities in the chest roentgenography were often observed. The antibody titer rose rapidly 5 days after the onset, reached its peak at 20 days (1:640), and then declined agradually until 7 months(1:20). The seroype of 23 out of the 27 isolates wase found to be karp, one was Gilliam, and 3 isolates could not be classified by using polyclonal mouse hyperimmune sera. The prevalence of antibody to R.tsutsugamushi in the residents of Chungcheung area was 4.8%. The prevalence of antibody was higher in the female than in the male. The prevalence was higher in the residents of age above 40 years than below 40 years, and was the lowest in the children less than 10 years of age. Of the 318 positive sera from normal residents, only 2 sera showed the titers higher than 1:80.

Excimer laser annealing effects on AlGaN/GaN heterostructures

Lee, I.H.,Joo, B.S.,Kim, H.J.,Yun, Y.S.,Jang, S.Y.,Kang, M.G.,Kang, C.Y.,Park, B.G.,Han, M.,Chang, Y.J. Elsevier 2016 Current Applied Physics Vol.16 No.6

<P>We investigated impact of excimer laser annealing on the AlGaN/GaN heterojunction structures, where the 2-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) is formed. When applying homogeneous laser pulses at various laser densities, the electrical resistance of the 2DEG shows sudden increase along with sharp decrease of the carrier mobility and slight decrease of the carrier density. Especially, when applying laser density of 300 mJ/cm(2), we could obtain such jump of electrical resistance even after 2 min, i.e. 2400 pulses at 20 Hz. Low temperature photoluminescence and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy measurements show that the excimer laser annealing suppresses the coherent charge carriers and oxides the sample surface to form Ga2O. We estimate the activation energy of suppressing 2DEG to be 0.89 eV for the ELA process. We suggest that the excimer laser annealing has potential for gate oxide fabrication, surface passivation, and lateral pattering of 2DEG structures. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Construction and Commissioning of the KSTAR Helium Distribution System

Lee, Y.J.,Park, Y.M.,Kim, Y.S.,Jang, H.S.,Kwag, S.W.,Chang, Y.B.,Park, H.T.,Woo, I.S.,Song, N.H.,Bang, E.N.,Ha, T.H.,Baek, S.,Kim, M.K.,Kim, W.C.,Oh, Y.K.,Bak, J.S. IEEE 2009 IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity Vol.19 No.3

<P>The KSTAR components requiring cryogenic helium coolant for superconducting magnet operations are connected to the helium refrigeration system (HRS) through the helium distribution system (HDS), the final helium distribution station. Twenty eight cryogenic valves including 4 quench protecting valves, many sensors such as temperature sensors, pressure transmitters, and flowmeters are mounted on the system. The HDS has to control the 4.5 K supercritical helium (600 g/s) for 30 superconducting coils and their superconducting bus-lines, 55 K helium (270 g/s) pressurized to 18 bars for the thermal shields and the gravity supports, and a maximum 17.5 g/s of liquid helium for 18 current leads, provided from the HRS which has a 4.5 K equivalent cooling power of 9 kW. The helium distribution system consists of a helium distribution box (DB), 5 helium transfer lines, a PLC based helium control system (HCS), etc. The helium control system is connected to the KSTAR supervisory control & interlock system. The detailed status regarding the construction, commissioning during first cool-down, and the instrumentation & control (I&C) system are included in this paper.</P>

Cryptotanshinone, a lipophilic compound of Salvia miltiorrriza root, inhibits TNF-α-induced expression of adhesion molecules in HUVEC and attenuates rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo

Jin, Y.C.,Kim, C.W.,Kim, Y.M.,Nizamutdinova, I.T.,Ha, Y.M.,Kim, H.J.,Seo, H.G.,Son, K.H.,Jeon, S.J.,Kang, S.S.,Kim, Y.S.,Kam, S.C.,Lee, J.H.,Chang, K.C. North-Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2009 european journal of pharmacology Vol.614 No.1

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of cryptotanshinone (CTS), one of active ingredients of Salvia miltiorrhiza root, on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat due to inhibition of some inflammatory events that occur by NF-kB-activation during ischemia and reperfusion. Myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury was induced by occluding the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min followed by either 2 h (biochemical analysis) or 24 h (myocardial function and infarct size measurement) reperfusion. CTS injected (i.v.) 10 min before ischemia and reperfusion insult. CTS significantly reduced the infarct size and improved ischemia and reperfusion-induced myocardial contractile dysfunction. Furthermore, CTS inhibited NF-kB translocation, expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), neutrophil infiltration and MPO activity in ischemic myocardial tissues. CTS also significantly reduced plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-1β due to ischemia and reperfusion. Interestingly, H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>-stimulated NF-kB-luciferase activity and TNF-α-induced expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expressions in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were significantly inhibited by CTS. Taken together, it is concluded that CTS may attenuate ischemia and reperfusion-induced microcirculatory disturbances by inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production, reduction of neutrophil infiltration and possibly inhibition of adhesion molecules through inhibition of NF-kB-activation during ischemia and reperfusion.

자궁내막증 불임여성에서 생식세포 난관내이식에 관한 연구

문신용,노인화,김석현,최영민,신창재,김정구,이진용,장윤석 대한산부인과내시경학회 1994 대한산부인과내시경학회잡지 Vol.6 No.1

Pulsed Laser Deposition 을 통한 Y-doped BaZrO₃ 증착 조건 연구

백준열(J. Y. Paek),차석원(S. W. Cha),장익황(I. W. Chang),지상훈(S. H. Ji),Nurilla Mahamatov 한국정밀공학회 2012 한국정밀공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.5월

子宮肉腫

金正基,安在榮,李啓鏞,張泳鎬,金智煥,최인준 中央醫學社 1967 中央醫學 Vol.12 No.2

Since Lebert, Virchow and R. Meyer has submitted the study for uterine sarcoma, there are much speculations as to clinical and pathological aspect of this disease. Different authors have a variance of opinion in regard to histogenesis of some type of this tumor and incidence of sarcomatous degeneration of leiomyoma. The variation in incidence of sarcomatous degeneration of leiomyoma is mainly due to disagreement among pathologists or gynecologist as to definite histological criteria for uterine sarcoma. 1) Since 1961. 1.1. up to 1966. 12.31. at Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Medical College, has 5 cases of histologically proven uterine sarcoma. 2) In a series of 192 cases of leiomyomas at Severance Hospital, incidence of sarcomatous change is reported as 0.015%. 3) At Severance Hospital, uterine sarcoma occupies about 1 % of all malignant disease of the uterus