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A Study on Prevalence and Risk Factors for Varicose Veins in Nurses at a University Hospital
Yun, Myeong-Ja,Kim, Young-Ki,Kang, Dong-Mug,Kim, Jong-Eun,Ha, Won-Choon,Jung, Kap-yeol,Choi, Hyun-Woo Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2018 Safety and health at work Vol.9 No.1
Background: Lower-limb varicose veins (VVs) are common and known to have a higher prevalence among people who work in occupations requiring prolonged standing. In the Republic of Korea, however, VV-related occupational factors have seldom been examined. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of VVs among nurses, an occupational group considered to be at high risk of VVs, and determine the occupational risk factors of prolonged standing. Methods: Between March and August 2014, a questionnaire survey coupled with Doppler ultrasonography was conducted on the nurses working at a university hospital. Results: A total of 414 nurses participated in the survey and diagnostic testing. From the survey analysis and test results, the prevalence of VVs in nurses was estimated to be 16.18%. Significant factors for venous reflux were age [odds ratio (OR) = 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03-1.10], pregnancy (OR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.17-3.94), and delivery (OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.08-3.78). The statistical significance of these factors was verified after risk adjustment for sociodemographic factors (OR = 3.40, 95% CI = 1.27-9.09). Conclusion: Factors significantly associated with venous reflux were increasing age and prolonged working hours (${\geq}4hours$) in a standing position (OR = 2.80, 95% CI = 1.08-7.25), even after risk adjustment for sociodemographic factors. This study is significant in that an objective diagnosis of VVs preceded the analysis of the risk factors for VV incidence, thus verifying objectively that VVs are associated with occupations requiring prolonged hours of working in a standing position.
Yun Sung Jun(全允成),Won Chang Lee(李元暢),Chan Soo Jeon(全燦洙),Moo Hyung Jun(全茂炯),Kap Ihl Lee(李甲一) 한국예방수의학회 1982 예방수의학회지 Vol.6 No.1
The authors intended to epizootiological study on the FMD in Uruguay and Argentina, during the one year from Jan. to Dec. in 1980. It is hoped that the information will be use for reference in future edeavors of study in the field of foot and mouth disease control in Korea. The information obtained is as follows: 1. Since the incidence cases of FMD is geographically distrbuted along the coast of the county in the continent of Seouth America. 2. Incidence rate of FMD in cattle from Jan. to Dec. 1980 was 1.3 per 100,000 in Uruguay, that of 1.9 per 100,000 in Argentina. 3. The incidence cases of FMD in geographical distribution along the frontier between Uruguay and Brazil showed: 61.5% of the total cases. And where 85.6% of the total outbreak cases of FMD have occured in the vicinity of Buenos Aires in the north of 42˚ the south parallel. 4. The types of FMD virus epizootiologically observed in the outbreak of FMD break down to 95.5% of O type and 4.5% of A type of the total cases in Uruguay, and 73.0% of A type,19.0% of 0 type and 8.0 of C type of the total cases in Argentina. 5. The peak of the seasonal incidence rate(%) was from late autumn to early winter (from April to June) in the case of Uruguay, but that of rate was from late winter to early spring (from September to Ocotober) in the case of Argentina.
Doo‑Won Kim,Dae Ho Kim,Sung Ryong Kim,Bo‑Hye Kim,Yun Hyuk Bang,Duck Joo Yang,Go Bong Choi,Yoong Ahm Kim,Kap Seung Yang 한국탄소학회 2019 Carbon Letters Vol.29 No.5
This study demonstrates that low processing rate for producing polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fiber is a critical to obtain a homogeneous radial microstructure with high resistance to oxidation, thereby resulting in their improved mechanical strength. The dry-jet wet spun PAN organic fibers were processed (e.g., stabilized and then carbonized) utilizing two different rates; one is 1.6 times longer than the other. The effect of processing rate on the microstructural evolutions of carbon fibers was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy after slow etching in air, as well as Raman mapping after graphitization. The rapidly processed fiber exhibited the multilayered radial structure, which is caused by the radial direction stretching of the extrusion in the spinning. In case of the slowly processed fiber, the layered radial structure formed in the spinning process was changed into a more homogeneous radial microstructure. The slowly processed fibers showed higher oxidation resistance, higher mechanical properties, and higher crystallinity than the rapidly processed one. Raman mapping confirmed that the microstructure developed during spinning was sustained even though fiber was thermally treated up to 2800 °C.
이갑석 ( Kap Sok Li ),변희진 ( Hee Jin Byun ),이동훈 ( Dong Hun Lee ),원종현 ( Chong Hyun Won ),조소연 ( So Yun Cho ),김범준 ( Beom Joon Kim ),김명남 ( Myueng Nam Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2007 대한피부과학회지 Vol.45 No.9
Pellagra is a chronic wasting disorder characterized by 3 clinical distinct symptoms; dermatitis; dementia; and diarrhea. It results from a marked cellular deficiency of water-soluble vitamin B3, also called niacin. Dermatitis begins as an erythema and shows bilateral symmetrical eruption at cutaneous sites of solar exposure. Herein we report 2 cases of pellagra in chronic alcoholics. (Korean J Dermatol 2007;45(9):956∼958)
차세대 반도체 소자의 배선을 위한 구리박막의 reflow
김동원(Dong-Won Kim),김갑중(Kap-Jung Kim),권인호(In-Ho Kweon),이승윤(Seung-Yun Lee),라사균(Sa-Kyun Rha),박종욱(Chong-Ook Park) 한국진공학회(ASCT) 1997 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.6 No.3
차세대 반도체 소자의 배선재료로 사용될 것으로 예상되는 구리의 reflow 특성을 조사하였다. 구리 박막을 hole 및 trench 패턴 위에 금속유기화학증착법으로 증착하고 350℃에서 550℃까지의 열처리 온도 범위 및 질소, 산소 분위기에서 열처리하였다. 질소 분위기에서 열처리 한 경우에는 구리가 패턴을 채우지 못하였고 열처리 온도 450℃ 이상의 산소 분위기에서 열처리 한 경우에는 reflow에 의하여 구리가 패턴을 채웠다. 이러한 현상은 구리의 산화시 발생되는 열에 의하여 부분적으로 액상화된 구리가 표면에너지 및 위치에너지를 감소시키기 위하여 패턴을 채우면서 발생하는 것으로 생각된다. 산소 분위기에서 열처리한 경우에는 응집물 표면에 300Å 이하의 구리 산화물이 형성되었으며 열처리 온도 550℃에서 구리의 응집에 의하여 비저항이 급격하게 증가하였다. The reflow characteristics of copper, which is expected to be used as interconnection materials in the next generation semiconductor devices, were investigated. Copper films were deposited on hole and trench patterns by metal organic chemical vapor deposition and annealed in nitrogen and oxygen ambient with the annealing temperatures ranging from 350℃ to 550℃. Copper films were not reflowed into the patterns upon the annealing in nitrogen ambient, but reflowed at the annealing temperature higher than 450℃ in oxygen ambient. It is considered that the reflow takes place as the heat generated by the oxidation of copper liquefies the copper film partly and the liquid copper fills the patterns for minimizing the surface energy and the potential energy. Upon the annealing in oxygen ambient, the copper oxide whose thickness was less than 300 Å formed at the surface of an agglomerate and the resistivity of copper film increased drastically at an annealing temperature of 550℃ due to the copper agglomeration.
Molecular Dynamics of the C-Terminal Domain Mouse CDT1 Protein
Khayrutdinov, Bulat I.,Bae, Won-Jin,Kim, Jeong-Ju,Hwang, Eun-Ha,Yun, Young-Mi,Ryu, Kyoung-Seok,Cheong, Hae-Kap,Kim, Yu-Gene,Cho, Yun-Je,Jeon, Young-Ho,Cheong, Chae-Joon Korean Magnetic Resonance Society 2007 Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society Vol.11 No.1
The backbone molecular dynamics of the C-terminal part of the mouse Cdt1 protein (tCdt1, residues 420-557) was studied by high field NMR spectroscopy. The Secondary structure of this protein was suggested by analyzing of chemical shift of backbone atoms with programs TALOS and PECAN, together with NOE connectivities from 3D $^{15}N-HSQC-NOESY$ data. Measurement of dynamic parameters $T_1,\;T_2$ and NOE and limited proteolysis experiment provided information for domain organization of tCdt1(420-557). Analysis of the experimental data showed that the C-terminal part of the tCdt1 has well folded domain for residues 455-553. The residues 420-453 including ${\alpha}-helix$ (432-441) are flexible and probably belong to other functional domain in intact full length Cdt1 protein.