White-Matter Hyperintensities and Lacunar Infarcts Are Associated with an Increased Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease in the Elderly in China

Shuai Ye,Shuyang Dong,Jun Tan,Le Chen,Hai Yang,Yang Chen,Zeyan Peng,Yingchao Huo,Juan Liu,Mingshan Tang,Yafei Li,Huadong Zhou,Yong Tao 대한신경과학회 2019 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.15 No.1

Background and Purpose This study investigated the contribution of white-matter hyperintensities (WMH) and lacunar infarcts (LI) to the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in an elderly cohort in China. Methods Older adults who were initially cognitively normal were examined with MRI at baseline, and followed for 5 years. WMH were classified as mild, moderate, or severe, and LI were classified into a few LI (1 to 3) or many LI (≥4). Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini Mental State Examination and the Activities of Daily Living scale. Results Among the 2,626 subjects, 357 developed AD by the end of the 5-year follow-up period. After adjusting for age and other potential confounders, having only WMH, having only LI, and having both WMH and LI were associated with an increased risk of developing AD compared with having neither WMH nor LI. Moderate and severe WMH were associated with an increased risk of developing AD compared with no WMH. Furthermore, patients with many LI had an increased risk of developing AD compared with no LI. Conclusions Having moderate or severe WMH and many LI were associated with an increased risk of developing AD, with this being particularly striking when both WMH and LI were present.

An Electronic Questionnaire Survey Evaluating the Perceived Prevalence and Practices of Lactose Intolerance in 1 to 5 Year Old Children in South East Asia

Tan, Michelle Li Nien,Muhardi, Leilani,Osatakul, Seksit,Hegar, Badriul,Vandenplas, Yvan,Ludwig, Thomas,Bindels, Jacques,Van der Beek, Eline M,Quak, Seng Hock The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology 2018 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.21 No.3

Purpose: Lactose intolerance (LI) is perceived to be frequent in Asia and has been reported to have considerable impact on dietary intake, nutritional status and the quality of life. We aimed to gather information from healthcare professionals on the perceived incidence, diagnosis and management of LI in 1 to 5 year old children in Southeast Asia. Methods: An anonymous electronic survey was sent randomly among healthcare professionals registered in the database of the pediatric societies in Thailand, Indonesia, and Singapore between June and October 2016. Results: In total, 259 health care professionals responded of which 45.5% (n=118) were from Thailand, 37.4% (n=97) from Indonesia and 16.9% (n=44) from Singapore. Of the participants who responded (n=248), primary LI prevalence among children 1 to 3 years of age was estimated to be less than 5% by 56.8%. However, about 18.9% (n=47) answered they did not know/unsure. Regarding secondary LI, 61.6% of respondents (n=153) estimated the prevalence to be less than 15%. But again, 10.8% (n=27) answered they did not know or unsure. Rotavirus gastroenteritis was ranked as the top cause for secondary LI. There was considerable heterogeneity in the diagnostic methods used. The majority of respondents (75%) recommended lactose-free milk to manage primary and secondary LI. Conclusion: More education/training of pediatricians on this topic and further epidemiological studies using a more systematic approach are required.

An Electronic Questionnaire Survey Evaluating the Perceived Prevalence and Practices of Lactose Intolerance in 1 to 5 Year Old Children in South East Asia

Michelle Li Nien Tan,Leilani Muhardi,Seksit Osatakul,Badriul Hegar,Yvan Vandenplas,Thomas Ludwig,Jacques Bindels,Eline M Van der Beek,Seng Hock Quak 대한소아소화기영양학회 2018 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.21 No.3

Purpose: Lactose intolerance (LI) is perceived to be frequent in Asia and has been reported to have considerable impact on dietary intake, nutritional status and the quality of life. We aimed to gather information from healthcare professionals on the perceived incidence, diagnosis and management of LI in 1 to 5 year old children in Southeast Asia. Methods: An anonymous electronic survey was sent randomly among healthcare professionals registered in the database of the pediatric societies in Thailand, Indonesia, and Singapore between June and October 2016. Results: In total, 259 health care professionals responded of which 45.5% (n=118) were from Thailand, 37.4% (n=97) from Indonesia and 16.9% (n=44) from Singapore. Of the participants who responded (n=248), primary LI prevalence among children 1 to 3 years of age was estimated to be less than 5% by 56.8%. However, about 18.9% (n=47) an-swered they did not know/unsure. Regarding secondary LI, 61.6% of respondents (n=153) estimated the prevalence to be less than 15%. But again, 10.8% (n=27) answered they did not know or unsure. Rotavirus gastroenteritis was ranked as the top cause for secondary LI. There was considerable heterogeneity in the diagnostic methods used. The majority of respondents (75%) recommended lactose-free milk to manage primary and secondary LI. Conclusion: More education/training of pediatricians on this topic and further epidemiological studies using a more systematic approach are required.

Microstructural Stability and Creep Performance of a Novel Low-Cost Single Crystal Superalloy

Z. H. Tan,X. G. Wang,Y. L. Du,Y. M. Li,Y. H. Yang,J. L. Liu,J. D. Liu,J. G. Li,Y. Z. Zhou,X. F. Sun 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.7

The increasing pursuit of advanced aero-engines with lower ratio between the cost and performance has greatly promotedthe demanding of single crystal superalloys characterized by low cost and outstanding temperature capability. In this study,a novel low-cost single crystal superalloy was designed and the creep tests as well as micro-characterization were carried outon the experimental alloy. The results illustrated that the novel single crystal alloy exhibited an ideal microstructural stabilitywithout precipitating TCP phases, after long-term thermal exposure at the ultimate service temperature of third generationsingle crystal superalloys. Moreover, the experimental alloy with only 3 wt% Re addition demonstrated remarkable creepresistance and maintained a very low minimum creep rate at 1100 °C/137 MPa and 1120 °C/137 MPa, while the accumulationand coalescence of micro-pores had eventually led to the alloy fracture. Apart from that, the compact interfacial dislocationnetworks the 2nd γ′ phase were observed after high-temperature creep rupture, and the typical a < 010 > superdislocationswith relatively poor mobility was found at 1120 °C. At 760 °C/800 MPa, both the minimum creep velocity and entire creepstain was increased evidently, however, the ultimate creep rupture life of the alloy had still reached 200 h. The correspondingdeformation mechanism was identified as the combination of superdislocation pairs shearing and a/3 < 121 > partial dislocationcutting the γ′ phase with a SISF being generated. In general, the novel single crystal alloy characterized by remarkablemechanical properties and cost reduction possesses a great potential for future application in the advanced aircraft engines.

Failure signature analysis of power-opens in DDR3 SDRAMs

Li, Tan,Lee, Hosung,Bak, Geunyong,Baeg, Sanghyeon Elsevier 2018 Microelectronics reliability Vol.88 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Open defects in power pins can only be diagnosed indirectly, and these diagnoses are a challenging task in failure analysis due to the failure signature's aliasing to other issues. Open defects cannot be detected by traditional DC-type test methods and can remain a potential risk in stressful device operation. In this work, error signatures in power open faults are experimentally probed to better understand electrical signatures induced by power-open. The power open faults are intentionally injected into a DDR3 SDRAM test platform. The power network inside the DDR3 SDRAM is experimentally found to be asymmetrical. Power-open defects in one power pin produce a range of power noise (0–65 mV), depending on the location of the power pin.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Power open faults are intentionally injected into customized DDR3 SDRAM test platform. </LI> <LI> Error signatures in power open faults are experimentally probed. </LI> <LI> The power network inside the DDR3 SDRAM is experimentally found to be asymmetrical. </LI> <LI> Power-open defects of one power ball increased power noise for a DDR3 component. </LI> </UL> </P>

Salt-controlled dissolution in pigment cathode for high-capacity and long-life magnesium organic batteries

Cui, Lianmeng,Zhou, Limin,Zhang, Kai,Xiong, Fangyu,Tan, Shuangshuang,Li, Maosheng,An, Qinyou,Kang, Yong-Mook,Mai, Liqiang Elsevier 2019 Nano energy Vol.65 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Benefiting from high volumetric energy density and generally dendrite-free growth of Mg metal, rechargeable magnesium batteries (MBs) become a promising next-generation energy storage system. Organic electrode materials, with characteristic of sustainable resource and flexible structure, have been widely studied in alkali metal ion batteries, but are rarely reported in MBs. Herein, we demonstrate that 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) serves as a cathode material for MBs in non-aqueous system, which realizes a fast diffusion kinetics and remarkable Mg-storage performance through a salt-dissolution inhibition approach for the electrolyte. The PTCDA exhibits a reversible capacity of 126 mAh g<SUP>−1</SUP> (at 200 mA g<SUP>−1</SUP>), excellent rate performance, and good cycling stability (100 mAh g<SUP>−1</SUP> even after 150 cycles). Furthermore, the evolution mechanism of the PTCDA electrode based on the transformation between carbonyl groups (CO) and enolate groups (C–O) is revealed by <I>ex-situ</I> phase characterization and functional group analysis. Besides, the dissolution inhibition of the PTCDA could also be realized through the incorporation of other soluble salt (KCl or NaCl) into all phenyl complex (APC) electrolyte, resulting in an enhanced cycling capacity. Considering the designable configuration of the organic materials, this work would pave way for their utilization on multi-valent ion batteries and provide efficient strategy to realize high voltage and satisfied cycle life.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The magnesium anode in organic system was realized combined with the solubility inhibition of the host materials. </LI> <LI> Compared with other inorganic cathode materials, the PTCDA is eligible to offset the defect of Mg<SUP>2+</SUP> transport dynamics. </LI> <LI> Compared with other Mg-storage materials reported, the PTCDA demonstrates a high working voltage plateau and a small polarization. </LI> <LI> The electrochemical mechanism of the PTCDA is proved to be the transformation between carbonyl groups and enolate groups. </LI> <LI> The incorporation of dissolvable salts inhibited the dissolution of the PTCDA. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Rational design of common transition metal-nitrogen-carbon catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells

Zheng, Yongping,Yang, Dae-Soo,Kweun, Joshua M.,Li, Chenzhe,Tan, Kui,Kong, Fantai,Liang, Chaoping,Chabal, Yves J.,Kim, Yoon Young,Cho, Maenghyo,Yu, Jong-Sung,Cho, Kyeongjae Elsevier 2016 Nano energy Vol.30 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Bio-inspired non-precious-metal catalysts based on iron and cobalt porphyrins are promising alternatives to replace costly platinum-based catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells. However, the exact nature of the active sites is still not clearly understood, and further optimization design is needed for practical applications. Here, we report a rational catalyst design process by combining density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental validations. Two sets of square-planar (MN<SUB>x</SUB>C<SUB>4−x</SUB>) and square-pyramid (MN<SUB>x</SUB>C<SUB>5−x</SUB>) active centers (M=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) incorporated in graphene were examined using DFT. Fe-N<SUB>5</SUB> and Co-N<SUB>4</SUB> sites were identified theoretically to have the best performance in fuel cells, while Ni-N<SUB>x</SUB>C<SUB>4−x</SUB> sites catalyze the most H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> byproduct. Graphene samples with well-dispersed incorporations of metals were synthesized, and the following electrochemical measurements show an excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions, indicating that a successful design framework and systematic understanding toward the catalytic nature of these materials are established.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Graphene based catalysts design for ORR is demonstrated by combining experiments and modellings. </LI> <LI> Iron porphyrin like active site is unraveled to be five nitrogen coordinated as FeN<SUB>5</SUB>. </LI> <LI> Cobalt porphyrin like active site is shown to be four nitrogen coordinated as CoN<SUB>4</SUB>. </LI> <LI> Nickel porphyrin like catalyst is potentially used for catalytic synthesis of H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Predictive value of preoperative lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio for patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma

Li, Tao,Xu, Hang,Yang, Lu,Tan, Ping,Wei, Qiang Elsevier 2019 Clinica chimica acta Vol.492 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>To determine the predictive value of preoperative lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) for pathological and survival outcomes in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU).</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>This retrospective study included 704 UTUC patients between 2008 and 2017. We used a cutoff LMR of 3.6 to evaluate its relationship with oncological outcomes after RNU, using the Kaplan–Meier method and logistic regression models.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>During median follow-up of 39 months, decreased preoperative LMR was an independent predictor of poor pathological outcomes. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that patients with low LMR (<3.6) had poor cancer-specific survival (CSS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS); this prognostic value was ascertained for patients with high pathological grade and more advanced stage UTUC, but not for patients with low pathological features. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model revealed that low LMR was an independent predictor of poor CSS, RFS and OS [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.42, <I>P</I> = 0.02; HR = 1.39, <I>P</I> = 0.008; HR = 1.38, <I>P</I> = 0.017, respectively].</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>Preoperative low LMR was an independent predictor of poor pathological and oncological outcomes of UTUC after RNU. Subgroup analysis confirmed that the prognostic value of LMR was confined to patients with a high pathological grade and more advanced stage tumor.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Preoperative low lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) predicts worse pathologic result for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) patients after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). </LI> <LI> Preoperative low LMR is associated with poor clinical outcomes for UTUC patients after RUN. </LI> <LI> Preoperative low LMR exert a prognostic value mainly for UTUC patient with high pathologic grade and stage tumor. </LI> </UL> </P>

<i>Premnagrandipaniculata</i> ( Lamiaceae , Premnoideae ), a remarkable new species from north Myanmar

Tan, Yun-Hong,Li, De-Rong,Zhou, Shi-Shun,Chen, Yong-Jun,Bramley, Gemma L.C.,Li, Bo Pensoft Publishers 2018 PhytoKeys Vol.94 No.-

<P>Abstract</P><P>A remarkable new <I>Premna</I> species from Myanmar, <I>P.grandipaniculata</I> Y.H.Tan & Bo Li (Lamiaceae), is here described and illustrated. It differs from all known congeneric taxa by having huge complicated panicles which have tertiary branches formed by spike-like thyrses. In <I>Premna</I>, such a spike-like thyrse is found in <I>P.bracteata</I> and <I>P.interrupta</I>, but those species can be easily distinguished from <I>P.grandipaniculata</I> by their habit, indumentum, leaf size and inflorescence structure.</P>

Development of covalent inhibitors that can overcome resistance to first-generation FGFR kinase inhibitors

Tan, Li,Wang, Jun,Tanizaki, Junko,Huang, Zhifeng,Aref, Amir R.,Rusan, Maria,Zhu, Su-Jie,Zhang, Yiyun,Ercan, Dalia,Liao, Rachel G.,Capelletti, Marzia,Zhou, Wenjun,Hur, Wooyoung,Kim, NamDoo,Sim, Taebo,G National Academy of Sciences 2014 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.111 No.45

<P><B>Significance</B></P><P>Inhibitors of the FGF receptors (FGFRs) are currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of various cancers. All currently approved kinase inhibitors eventually are rendered useless by the emergence of drug-resistant tumors. We used structure-based drug design to develop the first, to our knowledge, selective, next-generation covalent FGFR inhibitors that can overcome the most common form of kinase inhibitor resistance, the mutation of the so-called “gatekeeper” residue located in the ATP-binding pocket. We also describe a novel kinase inhibitor design strategy that uses a single electrophile to target covalently cysteines that are located in different positions within the ATP-binding pocket. These results have important implications for the design of covalent FGFR inhibitors that can overcome clinical resistance.</P><P>The human FGF receptors (FGFRs) play critical roles in various human cancers, and several FGFR inhibitors are currently under clinical investigation. Resistance usually results from selection for mutant kinases that are impervious to the action of the drug or from up-regulation of compensatory signaling pathways. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that resistance to FGFR inhibitors can be acquired through mutations in the FGFR gatekeeper residue, as clinically observed for FGFR4 in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and neuroendocrine breast carcinomas. Here we report on the use of a structure-based drug design to develop two selective, next-generation covalent FGFR inhibitors, the FGFR irreversible inhibitors 2 (FIIN-2) and 3 (FIIN-3). To our knowledge, FIIN-2 and FIIN-3 are the first inhibitors that can potently inhibit the proliferation of cells dependent upon the gatekeeper mutants of FGFR1 or FGFR2, which confer resistance to first-generation clinical FGFR inhibitors such as NVP-BGJ398 and AZD4547. Because of the conformational flexibility of the reactive acrylamide substituent, FIIN-3 has the unprecedented ability to inhibit both the EGF receptor (EGFR) and FGFR covalently by targeting two distinct cysteine residues. We report the cocrystal structure of FGFR4 with FIIN-2, which unexpectedly exhibits a “DFG-out” covalent binding mode. The structural basis for dual FGFR and EGFR targeting by FIIN3 also is illustrated by crystal structures of FIIN-3 bound with FGFR4 V550L and EGFR L858R. These results have important implications for the design of covalent FGFR inhibitors that can overcome clinical resistance and provide the first example, to our knowledge, of a kinase inhibitor that covalently targets cysteines located in different positions within the ATP-binding pocket.</P>