Effect of Korean Red Ginseng on Psychological Functions in Patients with Severe Climacteric Syndromes : A Comprehensive Study from the Viewpoint of Traditional KAMPO-medicine and Western Medicine

Takehiko Tode,Yoshihiro Kikuchi 고려인삼학회 2003 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.27 No.3

Objective; Antistress effect of Korean red ginseng (RG) on postmenopausal women with severe climacteric syndrome (CS) were evaluated from the viewpoint of traditional KAMPO-medicine and Western medicine. Methods; All patients with CS were treated with daily oral administration of 6g RG for 30 days. Nine patients with CS were evaluated with the use of diagnostic scores for KI-deficiency (deficiency of vital energy) and OKETSU (blood stagnation) syndrome from the viewpoint of KAMPO-medicine. In the same patients with CS, peripheral blood levels of β-endorphin and total plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (t-PAI-1) were measured before and after treatment with RG. In another group, 12 patients with CS, psychological test using CMI, STAI and SDS were performed from the viewpoint of Western medicine. Stress related hormones, such as ACTH, cortisol and DHEA-S in those 12 patients with CS were also measured before and after treatment with RG. Results; KI-deficiency score and OKETSU score in patients with CS were significantly (p<0.001) higher than those in patients without CS. After treatment with RG, both scores were markedly (p<0.001)<br/> decreased compared to before treatment with RG. β-endorphin levels in patients with CS were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those in patients without CS. Total PAI-1 levels in patients with CS were increased before treatment with RG. No significant difference, however, were observed between patients with and without CS. After treatment with RG, both levels of β-endorphin and total PAI-1 in patients with CS were significantly (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively) decreased compared to before treatment with RG. CMI and STAI scores in patients with CS were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those in patients without CS. SDS scores in patients with CS were also markedly (p<0.001) higher than in those without<br/> CS. After treatment with RG, all scores decreased within normal range. DHEA-S levels in patients with CS were about a half of those without CS. Consequently, cortisol/DHEA-S (C/D) ratio was significantly (p<0.001) higher in patients with CS than in those without CS. Although the decreased DHEA-S levels were not restored to the levels in patients without CS, the C/D ratio decreased significantly (p<0.05) after treatment with RG. Conclusion; Reinforcement of vital energy and improvement of stagnant blood circulations by oral administration of RG were elucidated from the viewpoint of traditional KAMPO-medicine. From the viewpoint of Western medicine, effect of RG on postmenopausal women with CS<br/> seemed to be brought about in part by not only an improvement of psychoneuroendocrine dysfunctions but also an amelioration<br/> of blood coagulation systems.

The Bifurcated Development of Land Policy in Sierra Leone

Takehiko OCHIAI 한국외국어대학교 아프리카연구소 2016 Asian Journal of African Studies Vol.- No.40

Land policy in Sierra Leone has varied considerably between two regions of the country: the Western Area and the Provinces. The Western Area has its historical origin in the British Colony of Sierra Leone, and the English-style system of land tenure was introduced to and has remained fundamentally unchanged in the Colony (now the Western Area). The Provinces, on the other hand, originated from the British Protectorate of Sierra Leone, and the traditional system of land tenure based on customary law has been maintained there. In the Protectorate (now the Provinces), Paramount Chiefs have been regarded as a ‘custodian’ of land and have had a strong say on land matters. The aim of this paper is to examine the bifurcated development of land policy in Sierra Leone from a historical viewpoint. First, Sierra Leone’s administrative and judicial systems which have been closely linked to the dual land tenure system are described in order to grasp an overall picture of Sierra Leone as a bifurcated state. Having done this, the paper examines the historical development of land policy in the Western Area by dividing it into three periods: (1) the settlement period (1787-1807), (2) the period of Crown rule (1808-1961), and (3) post-independence period (1961- ), while the evolution of land policy in the Provinces is analysed in relation to three issues: (1) land tenure, (2) agricultural development, and (3) mineral resource development. Finally, the bird’s-eye overview of the National Land Policy, which was officially approved in 2015, is provided.

Precision of prdicted 3D numerical solution of vortex-induced oscillation for bridge girders with span-wise varying geometry

Takehiko Harada,T. Yoshimura,T. Tanaka,Y. Mizuta,T. Hashiguchi,M. Sudo,M. Miyazaki 한국풍공학회 2004 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.7 No.1

Thresholds of Genotoxic and Non-Genotoxic Carcinogens

Takehiko Nohmi 한국독성학회 2018 Toxicological Research Vol.34 No.4

Exposure to chemical agents is an inevitable consequence of modern society; some of these agents are hazardous to human health. The effects of chemical carcinogens are of great concern in many countries, and international organizations, such as the World Health Organization, have established guidelines for the regulation of these chemicals. Carcinogens are currently categorized into two classes, genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogens, which are subject to different regulatory policies. Genotoxic carcinogens are chemicals that exert carcinogenicity via the induction of mutations. Owing to their DNA interaction properties, there is thought to be no safe exposure threshold or dose. Genotoxic carcinogens are regulated under the assumption that they pose a cancer risk for humans, even at very low doses. In contrast, non-genotoxic carcinogens, which induce cancer through mechanisms other than mutations, such as hormonal effects, cytotoxicity, cell proliferation, or epigenetic changes, are thought to have a safe exposure threshold or dose; thus, their use in society is permitted unless the exposure or intake level would exceed the threshold. Genotoxicity assays are an important method to distinguish the two classes of carcinogens. However, some carcinogens have negative results in in vitro bacterial mutation assays, but yield positive results in the in vivo transgenic rodent gene mutation assay. Non-DNA damage, such as spindle poison or topoisomerase inhibition, often leads to positive results in cytogenetic genotoxicity assays such as the chromosome aberration assay or the micronucleus assay. Therefore, mechanistic considerations of tumor induction, based on the results of the genotoxicity assays, are necessary to distinguish genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogens. In this review, the concept of threshold of toxicological concern is introduced and the potential risk from multiple exposures to low doses of genotoxic carcinogens is also discussed.

Recorder with Automatic Scaling Function

Takehiko Tomita,Masahiro Tohara 대한전자공학회 1988 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.1988 No.01

A COSMOLOGICAL PAH SURVEY WITH SPICA

Takehiko Wada,Eiichi Egami,Naofumi Fujishiro,Tomotsugu Goto,Masatoshi Imanishi,Hanae Inami,Daisuke Ishihara,Hidehiro Kaneda,Kotaro Kohno,Yusei Koyama,Hideo Matsuhara,Shuji Matsuura,Tohru Nagao,Youichi 한국천문학회 2017 天文學論叢 Vol.32 No.1

We propose a cosmological survey to probe star formation and nuclear activityin galaxies at redshifts of z = 2 - 4 by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH) features usingthe SPICA mid-infrared instrument (SMI)with a spectral resolution of R = 20. We will cover a wavelength range of 20-36 μmthat corresponds to z = 2 - 4 for the PAH features(11.3, 7.7, and 6.2 μm). The sensitivity will be $1\times10^{-19}$ W/m$^2$ (5 $\sigma$)in case of a referencesurvey that covers 4 arcmin$^2$ field in a one-hour observation. It corresponds to L$_{\rm IR}$=$2\times10^{11}$ $L_\odot$ at z=3and will give us more than 10000 galaxies in a 450 hour survey.

Extended-Nano Fluidics and Optical Absorption Detection by TLM for Bioanalysis

Takehiko KITAMORI 한국생물공학회 2012 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2012 No.4

RECORDER WITH AUTOMATIC SCALING FUNCTION

Takehiko Tomita,Masahiro Tohara 제어로봇시스템학회 1988 제어로봇시스템학회 국내학술대회 논문집 Vol.1 No.2

Characteristics of Breakdown Voltage at a Narrow Gap in a Non-thermal Plasma Flow

Takehiko SATO,Hideya Nishiyama,Makoto Kambe 한국물리학회 2003 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.42 No.III

Characteristics of breakdown voltage in a non-thermal plasma flow at atmospheric pressure were investigated %%@ experimentally. Breakdown voltages for different gap lengths of parallel plate electrodes were measured with %%@ respect to applied voltage rising rate, applied waveform, applied wave frequency, gas flow rate and kind of gas. %%@ The correlation between $pd$, which is the product of the pressure and the gap length, and breakdown voltage %%@ corresponded to Penning's experimental data of the applied voltage rising rates from 0.1 kV/s to 10 kV/s. However, %%@ the correlation was not in accordance with Penning's data when rising rates were greater than 100 kV/s. The %%@ breakdown voltages showed a minimum value when gas flow rates were 2 - 4 Sl/min for both argon and nitrogen gases. %%@ On the other hand, the correlation between breakdown voltage and $pd$ corresponded to the experimental data %%@ reported by Penning, Kind and Karner concerning the cases of sawtooth wave, sinusoidal wave and square wave with %%@ different wave frequencies of 100 Hz, 1 kHz and 10 kHz. Discharge current mode is classified into two modes and it %%@ was influenced by gas flow rate.

Study on Spray Characteristics of Pressure Swirl Atomizer with Swirling Air Flow under the Subatmospheric Pressure

( Takehiko Seo ),( Naoki Hiruta ),( Masato Mikami ) 한국액체미립화학회 2017 한국액체미립화학회 학술강연회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.-

If jet engines of the airplane stop at high altitude, it is necessary to reignite and restart engines rapidly and surely in order to prevent the plane crash. The inside of combustion chamber will be low pressure and low temperature condition in this situation. It is difficult to reignite in this condition. The ignition performance is effected by the spray characteristics of fuel. To improve the reignition performance of jet engines and safety of airplanes, it is important to investigate the spray characteristics at low pressure. In this study, the spray characteristics at the subatmospheric pressure was investigated. The water atomization was conducted by pressure swirling atomizer that is installed in pressure chamber. The inside pressure of pressure chamber was set to 0.025 MPa simulated the pressure at high altitude condition (about 10000 m) by vacuum pump. The difference of injection pressure was 1.00 MPa. Additionally, swirler was installed around the pressure-swirl injector and provided swirling air flow on the spray by continuous running of vacuum pump. The spray characteristics were measured using PDPA. The results showed that the maximum Sauter mean diameter decreased and the droplet distribution changed from bimodal shape to monophasic shape. The reason was that swirling air flow made the entrainment weak and small droplets stayed at the main spray area.