통조림罐의 內面腐蝕에 미치는 有機酸의 影響

孫泰華,崔鍾旭,權榮澤,金聲達 경북대학교 1981 새마을 硏究論叢 Vol.1 No.-

This experiment was carried out to research the effect of kinds and concentration of organic acid food component on the internal can corrosion, stored at room temperature (25℃) and low temperature (0℃). The criterion for the degree of the internal can corrosion was tin contents in the pure acid solution. The result of this research can be summarized as followes. The intension which effect the rate of the tin dissolution was furmaric>malic>citric, were respectively. The rate of the dissolution were increased rapidly at 30days after treatment, and the higher concentration of malic acid, the more dissolved of tin from the can body. The amounts of tin dissolved from can body at room temperature were slightly stronger than low temperature.

외국어 교육학에서의 학문 영역과 교과 과정 구축

손성옥 연세대학교 한국어학당 2003 외국어로서의 한국어교육 Vol.28 No.-

This paperer discusses academic fields and curriculum design for foreign language teaching at college-level. By examining the current second/foreign language pedagogical theories and practices in the U.S., this paper addresses the urgent need for establishing KFL (teaching Korean as foreign language) as an academic discipline. In addition, by illustrating case studies based on grammaticalization theory and discourse analysis, this paper explores the applicability of current research on interdisciplinary areas (theoretical and applied linguistics, sociology, anthropology, etc.) into language pedagogy. The following areas are suggested for core curriculum for KFL: research methodology, teaching practicum, integration of technology, pedagogical skill, linguistic analysis, and program coordination

조선소 근로자에서의 국소진동장해 진단방법에 대한 평가

손 홍,전순자,주영수,조성일,최홍렬,김미경,김형식 大韓産業醫學會 1998 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.10 No.4

A hand-arm vibration syndrome, local vibration illness, occurs in some workers who use hand held vibration tools. It consists of white fingers, diffusely distributed finger neuropathy, pain in the hand and arm, and a small excess risk of osteoarthritis. This study is aimed to identify effective methods to confirm local vibration illness among various health exams, which are mentioned in worker's special health exam regulation. In addition, this study is aimed to quantitatively assess the daily vibration exposure level as a major determinant of vibration illness. The subjects, 46 vibration workers, were selected according to the results of the first special health exam about vibration hazards at shipbuilding industry in 1997. They all had experiences of work related blanching of fingers. Fifteen controls, who had no vibration exposure at all, were also recruited to compare their test results with the results of vibration workers. We adopted I subjective and 6 objective tests to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility for confirming local vibration illness. These tests were history taking of subjective symptoms according to the Stockholm classification, checking blood pressure of finger, checking grasp power, checking finger skin temperature, nail-bed pressing test, vibration perceptional threshold test, and skin prick test for pain perception. Among these, checking skin temperature, nail-bed pressing test, and vibration perception test included cold water provocations. We also estimated some vibration exposure levels of hand held vibration tools by using previously published data from one automobile company. In conclusion, history taking of subjective symptoms according to the Stockholm classification, nail-bed pressing test, and vibration perceptional threshold test were discovered to be effective to diagnose local vibration illness. Furthermore, vibration perceptional threshold on right fingers showed a dose-response relationship to daily vibration exposure levels. The parameter β was 0.0005(±0.0002), and statistically significant by REM(random effects model).

메티실린 내성 황색 포도알균에 의한 연조직 및 골 감염에 대한 전환요법으로서의 경구 Rifampin의 유용성

손종원,김신우,하상우,이응갑,정덕원,장현하,이종명,김능수 대한감염학회 2005 감염과 화학요법 Vol.37 No.6

목적 : 메티실린 내성 황색 포도알균에 의한 연조직및 골 감염의 치료 시 glycopeptide약물의 정주 요법에 이은 경구 항생제로의 처방 전환이 요구되는 경우가 많으나 마땅한 경구 약제의 선택이 어려운 실정이다. 이에 경구 rifampin을 메티실린 내성 황색 포도알균에 의한 연조직 및 골 감염에 사용하여 치료한 경우를 분석하여 그 유용성 정도와 실패한 경우 실패의 위험인자를 알아보고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 2001년 1월부터 2004년 9월까지 메티실린 내성 황색 포도알균에 의한 연조직 및 골 감염 환자를 대상으로 rifampin을 그 치료 목적으로 사용한 44명의 환자를 의무 기록과 X선 사진을 통해 후향적으로 분석하였다. 기초 자료를 분석하였고 감염이 재발하여 치료 실패로 판정된 환자들에 대해 치료 실패의 원인이 될 만한 주요 변수에 대한 Chi-square 검증과 로지스틱 회귀분석을 시행하였다. 결과 : 치료 후 재발은 20.5% (8/39)였으며 재발 예와 사망에 대한 위험요소에 대한 단변량 분석에서 고관절 보형물이 있는 경우 흔하였으나 통계적 차이에는 미치지 못하였다(P=0.065). 고관절 보형물 외에 동반된 질환들, 쇼크의 동반, 균혈증의 동반, 경구 시 ciprofloxacin과 rifampin의 병합 복용 기간 등을 혼란 변수로 사용한 다변량 로지스틱 회귀분석에서는 고관절 보형물 만이 통계적으로 유의하였다(P=0.044). 결론 : 메티실린 내성 황색 포도알균에 의한 연조직및 골 감염에 rifampin과 다른 약제를 병합하여 치료하는 경우 재발은 적었다. 치료 실패의 경우는 고관절 부위 감염과 같이 보형물을 쉽게 제거하기 어려운 상황과 관계되는 것을 보여준다. Background : Rifampin is sometimes used in combination with other anti-staphylococcal agents to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections but few reports are available about the usefulness of rifampin against MRSA infections, especially in soft tissue and bone infections. Thus, we evaluated the efficacy of rifampin as switch therapy for soft tissue and bone infections caused by MRSA and assessed the risk factors for treatment failure. Materials and Methods : We retrospectively studied 44 patients who had soft tissue and bone infections caused by MRSA and were treated with rifampin in combination or as monotherapy as switch therapy from January 2001 to September 2004. Results : The mean age of the subjects was 50.2 years and the number of male and female were 34 and 10, respectively. Median duration of rifampin use was 32 days and 25% of the patients had artificial prostheses. Thirty one patients (79.5%, 31/39) were cured with parenteral glycopeptide followed by rifampin in combination or as monotherapy. Eight patients (8/39) recurred after the completion of treatment. The presence of hip prosthesis was the only significant risk factor (P= 0.027) in multivariate logistic regression test. Rifampin was tolerable in all cases. Conclusion : Rifampin as switch therapy for soft tissue and bone infection caused by MRSA was effective in 79.5% (31/39) of sujects. The treatment failure seems to be associated with unremovable infected prosthesis.

생명보험회사의 경영효율화에 관한 소고 : 신설 K생명보험회사를 중심으로 Case in k Life Insurance Company

손성호,김건우 대구산업정보대학 1994 논문집 Vol.8 No.-

There have remarkably appeared more serious problems in profits and safety of the newly established life insurance company according to the recent change in domestic and foreign finance environment. The purpose of this study, therefor, is to suggest the following methods for effective managing the life insurance company. First, the reduction of working expenses can be accomplished by choosing a proportional allowance system of canvassers and operating branch agencies of the life insurance company on the basic of 3.3 indoor-service employees for its each agency. Second, it is required to mainly sell the middle or long-term security products so as to achieve the solvency. Third, more intensive study must be promoted on such advanced investment technologies as portfolio selection, capital assets pricing model(CAPM) and Argitrage pricing Model(APM). fininally it is not only necessay to make its underwriting more stable but also to train and educate its specialized personnel by means of both improved business of insurance contract department and strict contract selection.

RuxIr₁xO₂/Ti mesh 촉매전극에 의한 페놀의 전기화학적 산화특성에 관한 연구

孫太源,李相雄 弘益大學校 科學基術硏究所 1999 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.10 No.2

One of the best ways of turning the characteristics of aromatic compounds the major anti-degradable compounds, into the one of bio-degradable is electrochemical oxidation. Among the aromatic compounds chlorine group on phenol has been chosen and the probabilities of electrochemical oxidation was researched by measuring Cyclic voltammogram(CV) and Tafel polarization curve for RUx.rxO₂/Ti mesh catalytic electrode. The value of HPP using Ru/Ir 7:3 electrode was smaller and i?? was larges than using Ru/Ir 3:7 electrode. Ru/Ir 7:3 electrode was better than Ru/Ir 3:7 electrode on the electrochemical oxidation of phenol.

치근단절제술을 이용한 치근단 병소의 치료에 대한 증례보고

손흥규,최형준,이성준,김성오 大韓小兒齒科學會 1997 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.24 No.3

It has been reported that the operative treatment for the preservation of tooth having periapical lesion has shown over ninety percent of success whereas in the case where calcified canal is severe, canal is perforated, ledge is formed, tooth restored by post and core and cases where symptoms still exist after treatment, endodontic treatment may not all be the solution in attaining a successful treatment. Thus Apicoectomy would generally be used to prevent the loss of tooth having periapical lesion where treatment prognosis is poorly evaluated by endodontic treatment. In case 1 and 2, endodontic treatment was applied due to unilocular radiolucent lesion in periapical area but the symptoms somehow did not show improvement and therefore operated apicoectomy, and as in case 1, favorable results were attained but as in case 2, yet more observation has to be done. The followings are the results we have concluded: 1. In the process of endodontic treatment, absolute canal obturation has great effect on attaining successful treatment. 2. In cases where endodontic treatment is not highly recommended, for example, tooth having dental pulp and periapical lesion, favorable results can be attained by applying apicoectomy.

퍼지 개념 계층을 이용한 연관 규칙 마이닝

손봉기,한상훈,이건명 충북대학교 컴퓨터정보통신 연구소 2001 컴퓨터정보통신연구 Vol.9 No.1

개념들 사이의 일반화 관계를 나타내는 개념 계층을 이용한 연관 규칙 마이닝에서는 개념들 사이의 관계가 명확한 경우만을 고려하고 있다. 이 논문에서는 개념들 사이의 관계가 애매한 경우까지 나타낼 수 있는 퍼지 개념 계층을 이용한 연관 규칙 마이닝 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법에서는 마이닝할 트랜잭션 데이터베이스를 표현하는 방법과 상위 개념 수준에서의 연관 규칙 마이닝을 위해 퍼지 개념 계층을 참조해 상위 개념 트랜잭션 데이터베이스를 생성하는 방법에 대해 기술한다. 또한 생성된 트랜잭션 데이터베이스에 대해 빈발 항목 집합을 생성하는 알고리즘을 소개하고, 실험 과정을 통해 제안된 알고리즘의 유용성을 보인다. The conceptual association rule mining methods, which use concept hierarchies representing generalization relationship among concepts, take into account only the cases that the generalization relationships are clear. In this paper, we propose an association rule mining method that adopts fuzzy concept hierarchies. which are capable of representing ambiguous relationships among concepts. It describes the way to represent transaction database to mine and the way to crate higher concept transaction database by referencing fuzzy concept hierarchies for association rule mining in higher concept level. In addition, it presents the algorithm that creates frequent item set from transaction database, and shows the applicability of the proposed method with some experiments.

Ar+CH₄ 혼합가스 취입에 의한 용선 탈황 거동

손호상,우성준,정우광 대한금속재료학회 2004 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.42 No.6

Desulfurization behavior of hot metal was studied by bubbling Ar+CH₄mixture gas through submerged lance. The effects of melt temperature, CH₄partial pressure and gas flow rate on the desulfurization rate of hot metal are discussed. Desulfurization rate was increased by increasing temperature and partial pressure of CH₄. Desulfurization rate of hot metal was described by mixed control of the mass transfer of H₂ gas and [S] through gas and liquid film around the rising gas bubbles and chemical reaction at the interface. It was concluded that the desulfurization of hot metal by Ar+CH₄mixture gas bubbling is controlled by chemical reaction of H₂ gas and [S] at the gas bubble and liquid interface under the present experimental conditions. (Received February 2, 2004)

液膜에 의한 廢水중의 重金屬이온의 分離

孫晋彦,李成植,金鍾和,全成均 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1986 硏究報告 Vol.9 No.1

The purpose of this paper was to separate the copper and nickel ions from waste water using supported liquid membrane The effect of a given amount of carrier and ammonia concentration of up-stream was described. We used the LIX65N as carriers. The results were as follows 1. The distribution ratio of copper ions at equilibrium was shown linear increment according o the mole ratio of carrier concentration versus the concentration of metal ions increased to 2.0. The maximum distribution ratio of copper ions exceeded that of nickel by approximately 4-fold when the liquid membrane was saturated by carrier 2. The important parameters governing flux were carrier and ammonia concentration. We compared these two parameters, and then the latter influenced more than the former to get higher flux. The copper ions reacted with ammonia in the up-stream, it formed a complexes of Cu(NH₃)₄^(2+), and then diffused to interface of liquid membrane. 3. The flux of metal ions were increased with enlarging the distribution ratio of ordinary extraction. The principle of coupled transport was carried out by the difference of concentration of hydrogen ions. 4. We can be selectively separated in the mixing soultion of copper and nickel ions using LIX65N as carrier.