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Extensively Drug-Resistant <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> , South Korea, 2011–2012
Cho, Sun Young,Baek, Jin Yang,Kang, Cheol-In,Kim, So Hyun,Ha, Young Eun,Chung, Doo Ryeon,Lee, Nam Yong,Peck, Kyong Ran,Song, Jae-Hoon U.S. Department of Health and Human Services * Cen 2014 Emerging Infectious Diseases Vol.20 No.5
<P>To better understand extensively drug resistant <I>Streptococcus pneumoniae</I>, we assessed clinical and microbiological characteristics of 5 extensively drug-resistant pneumococcal isolates. We concluded that long-term care facility residents who had undergone tracheostomy might be reservoirs of these pneumococci; 13- and 23-valent pneumococcal vaccines should be considered for high-risk persons; and antimicrobial drugs should be used judiciously.</P>
Analysis of factors influencing voice quality and therapeutic approaches in vocal polyp patients
Cho, Kwang Jae,Nam, Inn Chul,Hwang, Yeon Shin,Shim, Mi Ran,Park, Jun Ook,Cho, Jung Hae,Joo, Young Hoon,Kim, Min Sik,Sun, Dong Il Springer-Verlag 2011 European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology Vol.268 No.9
( Sun Ran Cho ),( Hyun Na Koo ),( Chang Mann Yoon ),( Gil Hah Kim ) 한국응용생명화학회(구 한국농화학회) 2011 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.54 No.6
The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer, is an important sap-sucking pest of many plants, including Chinese cabbage. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of sublethal concentrations of two insecticides (flonicamid and thiamethoxam) and the action mechanisms on the feeding behavior of M. persicae. The median lethal concentrations (LC50) of flonicamid and thiamethoxam for adult M. persicae were 2.56 and 4.02 mg/L, respectively. The sublethal concentrations of flonicamid were 0.44 mg/L (LC10) and 1.25 mg/L (LC30), and those of thiamethoxam were 1.19 mg/L (LC10) and 2.45 mg/L (LC30). The developmental period of M. persicae nymphs was 5.9 days at LC10 and 6.1 days at LC30 for both insecticides compared to 5.7 days for the control. Adult longevities at LC10 and LC30 of flonicamid were 13.2 and 13.7 days, respectively. Adult longevity at LC10 of thiamethoxam was 14.7 days. Control adult longevity was 11.6 days. Total fecundity was higher at LC10 (41.8 offspring/female) and LC30 (43.0 offspring/ female) of flonicamid, and at LC10 (42.1 offspring/female) of thiamethoxam than that of the control (29.5 offspring/female). Feeding behavior analysis using an electrical penetration graph showed that sublethal doses of flonicamid and thiamethoxam had significant effects on the duration of phloem ingestion. However, higher doses of flonicamid induced starvation by inhibition of phloem ingestion and higher doses of thiamethoxam induced contact toxicity rather than inhibition of feeding behavior. This study provides the basis for a more efficient use of these pesticides in Korea.
Sun-Ran Cho,Changmann Yoon,Hyun-Na Koo,Gil-Hah Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2011 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.10
This study was performed to evaluate the contact toxicity and residual toxicity of the 26 commercially registered insecticides against cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne and maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais adult. Among 26 insecticides, seven insecticides (chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, fenitrothion, fenthion, phenthoate, cypermethrin, α-cyhalothrin) against L. serricorne adult and five insecticides (chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, fenitrothion, fenthion, phenthoate) against S. zeamais adult showed perfect mortality. LC50 (ppm) values of those selected insecticides were appeared lowest value on α-cyhalothrin (1.46 ppm) against L. serricorne adult and chlorpyrifos-methyl (0.64 ppm) against S. zeamais adult, respectively. However, chlorpyrifos-methyl still remain high toxicity until 90th days after treatment against both L. serricorne and S. zeamais adults. From above results, it will be useful information to select insecticides effective against L. serricorne and S. zeamais adults.
( Sun Hong Yoo ),( Jung Hyun Kwon ),( Hee Yeon Kim ),( Chang Wook Kim ),( Chan Ran You ),( Sang Wook Choi ),( Se Hyun Cho ),( Joon-Yeol Han ),( Do Seon Song ),( U Im Chang ),( Jin Mo Yang ),( Sung Won 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1
Aims: The risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is decreased in patients achieved sustained viral response (SVR) after antiviral therapy based on pegylated interferon. However, the increasing risk of HCC development and recurrence in the patients who achieved SVR with all-oral DAA agents is controversy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the de-novo HCC development after antiviral therapy based on all-oral DAA agents in CHC patients without a history of previous HCC. Methods: A total of 963 CHC patients who were treated with interferon free regimen in the 8 affiliated hospitals of the Catholic University of Korea between March 2015 and March 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. De-novo HCC was defined as the newly development of HCC after DAA regimens but no prior HCC history before the DAA treatment. Results: Of the 963 patients, a total of 574 patients received DAA treatment who were followed up for at least 12 weeks with no history of previous HCC. The overall median follow-up period from the start of antiviral therapy was 10.4 months. SVR was achieved in 548 of the 574 (95.5%) patients. De-novo HCC was detected in 5 of 574 (0.87%) patients during the follow-up period. A univariate analysis showed that liver cirrhosis (p = 0.006) and a higher level of serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) at the time of end treatment response (ETR) (p = 0.010) were significantly associated with HCC development. However, a multivariate analysis indicated a higher level of serum AFP at the time of ETR (p = 0.044, HR 11.80, 95% CI: 1.07-130.44) was the independent risk factor for HCC development. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that there still exists a risk of newly HCC development in patients treated with all-oral-DAA agents for CHC. Also, serum AFP at the time of ETR was associated with HCC development and it may be a useful biomarker for the prediction of HCC development after all-oral-DAA agents for CHC.
Cho, Sun Young,Kang, Cheol-In,Cha, Min Kyeong,Wi, Yu Mi,Ha, Young Eun,Chung, Doo Ryeon,Lee, Nam Yong,Peck, Kyong Ran,Song, Jae-Hoon Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Publishers 2015 Microbial Drug Resistance Vol.21 No.4
<P>Despite the remarkable emergence of extended-spectrum -lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli sequence type 131 (ST131), the clinical features and outcomes of infections caused by ST131 remain poorly described. From 2011 to 2012, we collected ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from patients with bloodstream infections in 13 hospitals in Korea and compared clinical characteristics and outcomes between ST131 and non-ST131 clones. Of the 110 ESBL-producing isolates, the most common ST was ST131 (30.9%). Multivariate analysis showed that recent operation was the only variable associated with the ST131 clone; other comorbid conditions and clinical features were similar between ST131 and non-ST131 clones. CTX-M-14 and CTX-M-15 were the predominant types of ESBLs, and CTX-M-15 was significantly associated with ST131. The rate of nonsusceptibility to ciprofloxacin was higher in ST131 than in non-ST131 clones (94.1% vs. 75.0%). No significant differences in 30-day mortality rates were found between ST131 and non-ST131 clones. Multivariate analysis revealed that older age (odds ratio [OR]=5.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22-23.89; p=0.027), nosocomial infection (OR=4.81, 95% CI 1.15-20.15; p=0.032), and higher Pitt bacteremia score (OR=7.26, 95% CI 1.41-37.42; p=0.018) were independent risk factors for 30-day mortality. The ESBL-producing E. coli ST131 clone has emerged and disseminated in Korea. Our findings reveal similarities in clinical and demographic characteristics between ST131 and non-ST131 clones. Although a more resistant profile has been detected in ST131, patients with the ST131 clone did not exhibit a higher mortality rate.</P>
Cho, Harim,Joo, Yuyoung,Kim, Seonghan,Woo, Ran-Sook,Lee, Sang Hyung,Kim, Hye-Sun Informa Healthcare 2012 International journal of neuroscience Vol.123 No.1
<P>Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a soluble factor that is released from astrocytes, the most abundant type of glial cell in the brain. PAI-1 was initially identified as inhibiting two types of plasminogen activators, that is, tissue-type plasminogen and urokinase activators that are known to lead to the proteolytic degradation of the extracellular matrix. Recently, PAI-1 was reported to mediate the neuroprotective activity of transforming growth factor-β1 against N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated excitotoxicity and to be involved in angiogenesis following ischemic stroke, independently of the effects via the inhibition of tissue-type plasminogen and urokinase-type plasminogen activators. In this study, we examined whether PAI-1 influences synaptogenesis and neurotoxicity induced by amyloid beta peptide<SUB>1-42</SUB> (Aß<SUB>1-42</SUB>) in rat primary hippocampal neurons. Using immunostaining, treatment with PAI-1 for 24 h was found to significantly upregulate synaptophysin, postsynaptic density-95, and the polysialylated form of neural cell adhesion molecule, compared to treatment with vehicle alone. In addition, PAI-1 has neuroprotective effects against Aβ<SUB>1-42</SUB>-induced cytotoxicity in rat primary cultured hippocampal neurons. Taken together, our results suggest that PAI-1 has therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's disease by promoting synaptogenesis and by demonstrating neuroprotective effects against Aβ<SUB>1-42</SUB>-oligomer-induced neurotoxicity in rat primary cultured hippocampal neurons.</P>
Sun-Ran Cho,Hyun-Na Koo,Gil Hah Kim,Kwon Min,Juil Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2019 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.04
최근 파밤나방 등 다양한 나비목 해충에서 diamide 계통의 살충제 (IRAC group 28)의 저항성이 많이 보고가 되고 있다. 국내에서도 이미 배추좀나방과 파밤나방의 저항성이 보고되었는데, 본 연구에서 사용된 강릉에서 2018년 채집한 파밤나방의 경우 Chlorantraniliprole에 대하여 감수성 대비 2,500배 이상의 높은 저항성을 나타냈다. 추천 농도 처리 시 30% 이하의 방제가를 나타냈으며 Cyantraniliprole, Cyclaniliprole, Flubendiamide에서 높은 교차저항성을 나타냈다. 이 저항성 집단에서 diamide 계통 살충제의 작용점인 ryanodine receptor에 이미 보고된 G4946E 돌연변이는 발견되지 않았으나 새로운 I4760M 돌연변이를 발견하였는데, 2014년 배추좀나방에서 보고된 돌연변이와 위치가 동일하였다. 따라서 I4760M 돌연변이는 파밤나방에서 diamide 저항성에 관여 할 것으로 판단한다.