Scientific exploration on physiological basis of Svedana Karma (Sudation): A clinical application of heat stress.

Yadav, Saurabh,Verma, Vandana,Abhinav, Abhinav Cellmed Orthocellular Medicine and Pharmaceutical 2019 셀메드 (CellMed) Vol.9 No.3

Now researchers have focused attention on exploring the mechanism of acute responses of heat stress given in heat therapy that ultimately promotes the long term health benefits. Heat therapy is not a new idea rather it was practiced since thousands years back in the form of hot bath, sauna bath, steam room. Similarly in Ayurveda there is very comprehensive description of heat therapy in the form of Svedan karma (Sudation therapy). Svedan is a process to induce sweating artificially in a patient who had already undergone Snehan. Svedan is applied for purification of body, as well as in management of various disorders originated due to vitiation of Vata, Kapha Dosha, Meda Dhatu and musculoskeletal disorders. It produces various beneficial effects by augmenting the Agni like clears the channels, liquefies the deposited Dosha, regulates Vata Dosha, helps in removal and pacification of Dosha, augments metabolism (Agni Deepan), increases appetite, flexibility in body parts, softness and shining of skin, removes coldness, stiffness, drowsiness, improves joint motility. However, Svedana karma is vastly used by Ayurveda Physicians in treatment of various disorders but the mechanisms of beneficial effects produced by Svedan Karma are yet not completely explored on scientific basis. In this article, we will discuss and try to establish a possible mechanism of action of Svedana karma in relation to heat stress, mitochondrial adaptation, heat shock protein (HSP) and glucocorticoids as these are secreted under stressful conditions.

Thermal characteristics of thermoelectric generator for waste heat recovery from a billet casting cooling process

Saurabh Yadav,Jie Liu,Man Sik Kong,Young Gyoon Yoon,Sung Chul Kim 대한설비공학회 2021 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.6

In the present investigation, experiments were performed to recover waste heat in a billet casting cooling process utilizing bismuth telluride based thermoelectric generators (TEGs). Four d-type absorber plates made of copper material, were mounted over manufactured billet. Three sides of each absorber plate were attached with three thermoelectric units to generate a total power of 339 W. Power density was achieved to be 981 W/㎡ at operating voltage of (58 V) of battery energy storage system. Numerical results obtained using 1-D simulation through FloMASTER<SUP>TM</SUP> software are found to exhibit a good agreement with the experimental results. Further, one-dimensional numerical simulation has been carried out to obtain the heat transfer characteristics at varying flow rates of cold water(Reynolds number = 2540 - 16943) at inlet temperatures of 20 °C for the cold side of TEG. Results indicate that the thermoelectric generators performance increases with the increase of cold water flow rate and the decrease in the inlet temperature of cold water.

Treatment of Domestic Wastewater by the Application of Electrochemical Membrane Bioreactor and Generation of Bioelectricity

Yadav, Saurabh,Kamsonlian, Suantak,Pal, Shubham The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering C 2022 공업화학 Vol.33 No.5

The need for obtaining treated wastewater that meets high quality standards for discharge or reuse necessitates the use of highly efficient wastewater treatment techniques. In the present study, experiments have been carried out to reduce the concentration level of biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total dissolved solids (TDS) from the wastewater sample. Treatment of sample of a real municipal wastewater collected from a sewage treatment plant (STP) was carried out in an electrochemical membrane bioreactor (EMBR). The EMBR was operated continuously for five days, and readings were taken at regular intervals. This paper has experimental results conducted in EMBR that indicate reduction of BOD, COD, and TDS levels of up to 32.25%, 29.25%, and 31.93%, respectively. Further, it was observed that a current of magnitude of 0.00752 mA was generated due to the metabolic activities of bacteria present in municipal wastewater, which gradually decreased day by day due to the decay of bacteria.

Reduced graphene oxide modified smart conducting paper for cancer biosensor

Kumar, Saurabh,Kumar, Suveen,Srivastava, Saurabh,Yadav, Birendra K.,Lee, Seung H.,Sharma, Jai G.,Doval, Dinesh C.,Malhotra, Bansi D. Elsevier 2015 Biosensors & bioelectronics Vol.73 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We report results of the studies relating to the fabrication of a paper based sensor comprising of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) composite. The effect of various solvents like methanol, ethylene glycol and H<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB> on the electrical conductivity of PEDOT:PSS coated Whatman paper has been investigated. The conductivity of this solution processed conducting paper significantly increases from ~1.16×10<SUP>−4</SUP> Scm<SUP>−1</SUP> up to ~3.57×10<SUP>−2</SUP> Scm<SUP>−1</SUP> (~300 times) on treatment with ethylene glycol. The observed significant increase in electrical conductivity is due to conformational rearrangement in the polymer and is due to strong non-covalent cooperative interaction between PEDOT and the cellulose molecules. Further, incorporation of RGO into the conducting paper results in improved electrochemical performance and signal stability. This paper electrode is a promising alternative over the expensive conventional electrodes (ITO, gold and glassy carbon), that are known to have limited application in smart point-of-care (POC) devices. This low cost, flexible and environment friendly conducting paper based biosensor utilized for cancer biomarker (carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA) detection reveals high sensitivity of 25.8µAng<SUP>−1</SUP> mLcm<SUP>−2</SUP> in the physiological range, 1–10ngmL<SUP>−1</SUP>.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Solution processed reduced graphene oxide modified conducting paper sensor is reported for cancer detection. </LI> <LI> This paper sensor is exceptionally low cost, flexible and disposable. </LI> <LI> It exhibits high sensitivity of 25.8µAng<SUP>−1</SUP> mLcm<SUP>−2</SUP> in the detection range of 1–10ngmL<SUP>−1</SUP> for cancer biomarker (carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA) detection. </LI> <LI> This conducting paper electrode is a promising alternative over the expensive conventional electrodes (ITO, gold and glassy carbon) for application to POC devices. </LI> </UL> </P>

Accuracy of computed tomographic features in differentiating intestinal tuberculosis from Crohn`s disease: a systematic review with meta-analysis

( Saurabh Kedia ),( Raju Sharma ),( Vishnubhatla Sreenivas ),( Kumble Seetharama Madhusudhan ),( Vishal Sharma ),( Sawan Bopanna ),( Venigalla Pratap Mouli ),( Rajan Dhingra ),( Dawesh Prakash Yadav ) 대한장연구학회 2017 Intestinal Research Vol.15 No.2

Abdominal computed tomography (CT) can noninvasively image the entire gastrointestinal tract and assess extraintestinal features that are important in differentiating Crohn`s disease (CD) and intestinal tuberculosis (ITB). The present meta-analysis pooled the results of all studies on the role of CT abdomen in differentiating between CD and ITB. We searched PubMed and Embase for all publications in English that analyzed the features differentiating between CD and ITB on abdominal CT. The features included comb sign, necrotic lymph nodes, asymmetric bowel wall thickening, skip lesions, fibrofatty proliferation, mural stratification, ileocaecal area, long segment, and left colonic involvements. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were calculated for all the features. Symmetric receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted for features present in >3 studies. Heterogeneity and publication bias was assessed and sensitivity analysis was performed by excluding studies that compared features on conventional abdominal CT instead of CT enterography (CTE). We included 6 studies (4 CTE, 1 conventional abdominal CT, and 1 CTE+conventional abdominal CT) involving 417 and 195 patients with CD and ITB, respectively. Necrotic lymph nodes had the highest diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, 23%; specificity, 100%; DOR, 30.2) for ITB diagnosis, and comb sign (sensitivity, 82%; specificity, 81%; DOR, 21.5) followed by skip lesions (sensitivity, 86%; specificity, 74%; DOR, 16.5) had the highest diagnostic accuracy for CD diagnosis. On sensitivity analysis, the diagnostic accuracy of other features excluding asymmetric bowel wall thickening remained similar. Necrotic lymph nodes and comb sign on abdominal CT had the best diagnostic accuracy in differentiating CD and ITB. (Intest Res 2017;15:149-159)

Orbital IgG4 Disease: Imaging Findings on 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT

Saurabh Arora,Nishikant A. Damle,Rachna Meel,Sanjay Sharma,Seema Sen,Chandrasekar Bal,Kanak Lata,Sneha Prakash,Divya Yadav,Meivel Angamuthu 대한핵의학회 2019 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.53 No.6

Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)–related diseases are a spectrum of systemic inflammatory conditions of unknown etiology, which are characterized by infiltration of tissues by IgG4 plasma cells and sclerosing inflammation (Cheuk and Chan Adv Anat Pathol 17:303–32, 2010). Although this condition was initially described in relation to autoimmune pancreatitis, now it has been reported in almost every organ system of body (Zen and Nakanuma Am J Surg Pathol 34:1812–9, 2010, Masaki et al. Ann Rheuma Dis 68:1310–5, 2009). Orbital involvement by IgG4 disease can involve extraocular muscles (EOM), lacrimal glands, conjunctiva, eyelids, infraorbital nerve, orbital fat, and nasolacrimal system (McNab and McKelvie. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 31:167–78, 2015, Katsura et al. Neuroradiology 54:873–82, 2012). The basis of using 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT in IgG4 orbital disease is the known expression of somatostatin receptors in chronic inflammatory cells (Cuccurullo et al. Indian J Radiol Imaging 27:509-16, 2017) and also avidity shown previously in other IgG4-related diseases (Cheng et al. Clin Nucl Med 43:773-6, 2018).

Non Hepatic Surgery in Cirrhotic Patients: 10 Year Experience - Vision Beyond Nihilism

( Saurabh Galodha ),( Waliullah Siddiqui ),( Jacob Mathew ),( John Mathew ),( Manipadam ),( Abhishek Yadav ),( Mahesh S,H Ramesh ) 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1

Aims: Non hepatic surgery in cirrhotic patients has been viewed with a feeling of nihilism with reported in hospital mortality rates of 8-25%. In this study we look for risk factors associated with increased morbidity and mortality and present a positive perspective for these patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients with cirrhosis undergoing nonhepatic surgery during the period from January 2007 to December 2016 was done. Child Turcot Pugh (CTP) and MELD scores, intraoperative parameters, perioperative morbidity (Clavien Dindo classification) and mortality and hospital stay was recorded. Results: 193 patients with cirrhosis underwent non-hepatic surgery. 88 patients (45%) had biliary pathology. Other groups were gastroduodenal (n=20,10%), pancreatic (n=13,6.7%), colorectal (n=15,7.5%) and hernia (n=13,6.7%). 38 patients (19.6%) underwent surgery for malignancy. Emergency surgery was done in 6 patients. 133 patients had CTP grade A while 49 patients grade B and 11 patients had grade C. Mean MELD score was 8.5 ± 5.2. Overall mean operating time was 3.1 ± 1.1 hours with mean blood loss of 105 ± 40 ml while in those undergoing major surgery (Frey’s procedure, pancreaticoduodenectomy, colorectal resections, gastrectomy) operating time was 4.5 ± 2.6 hours and blood loss was 335 ± 130 ml. Median blood transfusion requirement was 2 (1-5) PRBC in these patients. Major morbidity (Clavien Dindo > 3) was seen in 11 patients (5.6%) with majority having CTP grade C (n=6,55%). Perioperative mortality occurred in 2 patients (1%). Patients undergoing surgery in emergency had more morbidity (n=2,33%) and mortality (n=1,16%). Conclusions: In cirrhotic patients undergoing non-hepatic surgery factors associated with poor outcomes are emergency surgery, higher CTP grade and MELD score. We need to shun nihilistic attitude in these patients as better preoperative optimization and meticulous surgery lead to very good outcomes.

Incidental Detection of Parathyroid Adenoma on Somatostatin Receptor PET/CT and Incremental Role of ¹⁸F-Fluorocholine PET/CT in MEN1 Syndrome

Arora, Saurabh,Damle, Nishikant Avinash,Passah, Averilicia,Yadav, Madhav Prasad,Ballal, Sanjana,Aggarwal, Vivek,Gupta, Yashdeep,Kumar, Praveen,Tripathi, Madhavi,Bal, Chandrasekhar 대한핵의학회 2018 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.52 No.3

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome is characterized by combined occurrence of tumors of endocrine glands including the parathyroid, the pancreatic islet cells, and the anterior pituitary gland. Parathyroid involvement is the most common manifestation and usually the first clinical involvement in MEN1 syndrome, followed by gastroentero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Here we present a case where the patient initially presented with metastatic gastric NET and a single parathyroid adenoma was detected incidentally on $^{68}Ga$-DOTANOC PET/CT done as part of post $^{177}Lu$-DOTATATE therapy (PRRT) follow-up. Further $^{18}F$-fluorocholine PET/CT showed four adenomas for which the patient subsequently underwent subtotal parathyroidectomy.

Performance of Hydrostatic/hybrid Journal Symmetric/asymmetric Bearings using Slot-entry Restrictor Under Couple Stress Lubricants

Nathi Ram,Saurabh Kumar Yadav,Satish C. Sharma 한국트라이볼로지학회 2017 한국트라이볼로지학회지 (Tribol. Lubr.) Vol.33 No.5

This paper presents the impact of couple stress lubricant on performance of slot-entry hydrostatic/hybrid journal symmetric/asymmetric bearings. Reynolds Equation using Finite Element Technique has been solved for the flow of couple stress and Newtonian lubricants in bearings. The results have been computed for concentric design pressure ratio (β* =0.5) , slot width ratio (SWR = 0.25) and chosen parameters of couple stress lubricant ῑ=5, 10, 15. It is observed that numerically simulated outcomes for slot-entry journal bearings, considering the influence of couple stress lubricant indicate a substantial improvement in the performance of the bearing.

Are Truelove and Witts criteria for diagnosing acute severe colitis relevant for the Indian population?A prospective study

Saransh Jain,Saurabh Kedia,Sawan Bopanna,Dawesh P Yadav,Sandeep Goyal,Peush Sahni,Sujoy Pal,Nihar Ranjan Dash,Govind Makharia,Simon P. L. Travis,Vineet Ahuja 대한장연구학회 2018 Intestinal Research Vol.16 No.1

Background/Aims: Truelove and Witts criteria have been used to define acute severe colitis since the 1950s. However, hemoglobin(an additional criterion of the definition) levels in the general population in developing countries are lower than in the population of developed countries. We aimed to determine the relevance of Truelove and Witts criteria in the Indianpopulation. Methods: Consecutive patients with acute severe colitis satisfying the Truelove and Witts criteria, hospitalized ata single center between April 2015 and December 2016 were included. All patients received intravenous corticosteroids and 16 required colectomy. The hemoglobin levels at admission were subsequently excluded from the classification criteria, and the effect this had on the criteria for diagnosis was determined. Results: Out of 61 patients of acute severe colitis diagnosed according to the original Truelove and Witts criteria, 12 patients (20%) had 1 additional criterion, 33 (54%) had 2 additionalcriteria and 16 (26%) had 3 or more additional criteria in addition to 6 or more blood stained stools on admission. On excludinghemoglobin as an additional criterion from the Truelove and Witts definition, all patients still met the criteria for acute severecolitis. Conclusions: Truelove and Witts criteria can be used to define acute severe colitis in India, despite lower mean hemoglobinin the native population.