Study of cystine schiff base esters as new environmentally benign multifunctional biolubricant additives

Raj K. Singh,Shubham Pandey,Rakesh C. Saxena,Gananath D. Thakre,Neeraj Atray,Siddharth S. Ray 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.26 No.-

Two additives CySBE-A and B were prepared via a two step synthesis. First, the cystine schiff base (CySB) was synthesized utilizing 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde. In the second step, its esterification with lauroyl alcohol and 2-ethyl hexanol results the final products CySBE-A and B respectively. Both additives were evaluated as multifunctional additive in polyol base oil for antioxidant, antifriction, antiwear and anticorrosion property. Universal oxidation test (IP-306) was used for evaluating antioxidant property. Antifriction and antiwear properties in terms of average friction coefficient and wear scar diameter (WSD) were evaluated using four ball test. The CySBE-A was found to be effective than CySBE-B.

Study of a novel phenolic-ester as antioxidant additive in lube, biodiesel and blended diesel

Raj K. Singh,Aruna Kukrety,Om P. Sharma,Siddharth Baranwal,Neeraj Atray,Siddharth S. Ray 한국공업화학회 2016 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.37 No.-

A novel phenolic-ester denoted as Bz–4–tBz was synthesized by esterification reaction between the1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid and 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenyl alcohol in N,N0-dimethyla-cetamide using N,N0-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as catalyst. The Bz–4–tBz was evaluated as antioxidantin polyol by the rotatory bomb oxidation test while the Rancimat test were also done for evaluating theantioxidant potential in the biodiesel (B100) and blended diesel (B20). The RBOT time of polyol wasobserved to be increased from 6.72 min to 17.42 min when blended 2000 mg/kg Bz–4–tBz in it. Theoxidation stability of biodiesel (B100) and blended diesel (B20) was also found to be increased.

Homogeneous synthesis of cellulose fatty esters in ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride) and study of their comparative antifriction property

Raj K. Singh,Piyush Gupta,Om P. Sharma,Siddharth S. Ray 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.24 No.-

Cellulose fatty esters with different fatty acids as lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic and oleic acid having same degrees of substitution (DS 2.0) were prepared homogeneously using 1-butyl-3-methylimida- zolium chloride ([C4mim]+Cl). All samples were characterized by IR and NMR. The triboevaluation in terms of average friction coefficient was done by nanotribometer using 3000 ppm solution of each ester in polyol (pentaerythritol tetraoleate) which is taken as biolube reference fluid. The cellulose esters are found to show antifriction character in the order as myristate > palmitate > laurate > stearate > oleate.

Salen decorated nanostructured ZnO chemosensor for the detection of mercuric ions (Hg²⁺)

Sharma, S.K.,Kaur, N.,Singh, J.,Singh, A.,Raj, P.,Sankar, S.,Kim, D.Y.,Singh, N.,Kaur, N.,Singh, H. Elsevier Sequoia 2016 Sensors and actuators. B Chemical Vol.232 No.-

Self-assembled ZnO nanoparticles, nanodumbbells and nanorod/nanowire flowers were synthesized by the hydrothermal precipitation method, and tested them for the detection of mercuric ions (Hg<SUP>2+</SUP>) as the chemosensor. Various techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and photoluminescence (PL) were employed for the characterization of nanostructured ZnO powder. The surface of nanostructured ZnO was decorated with salen prepared from reported procedure. The binding ability of different nanostructured ZnO complexes with salen was tested by screening them with various metal ion solutions. The prepared solution of various ZnO complexes showed the selective affinity for mercuric ions, without having any interference from other potential interferent metal ions. The prepared complexes had a variable response and the selectivity for mercury ions, having the lowest detection limits of 20nM (nanoparticle), 18nM (nanodumbbell), 35nM (nanorod flowers) and 10nM (nanowire flowers), respectively. The detection limit/range of prepared complexes was varied with respect to the microstructures: (i) nanoparticles showed a larger dynamic range as they had more binding sites for Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> owing to more binding sites for salen, and (ii) the nanowire flowers detected the better detection limit due to its cluster nature.

Serosurveillance for Japanese encephalitis virus infection among equines in India

Baldev R. Gulati,Harisankar Singha,Birendra K. Singh,Nitin Virmani,Sandip K. Khurana,Raj K. Singh 대한수의학회 2011 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.12 No.4

The seroprevalence of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) among equines was evaluated from January 2006 to December 2009 in 13 different states of India by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and virus neutralization test (VNT). Antibodies against JEV were detected in 327 out of 3,286 (10%) equines with a maximum prevalence reported in the state of Manipur (91.7%) followed by Gujarat (18.5%), Madhya Pradesh (14.4%), and Uttar Pradesh (11.6%). Evidence of JEV infection was observed in equines in Indore (Madhya Pradesh) where a 4-fold or higher rise in antibody titer was observed in 21 out of 34 horses in November 2007 to October 2006. In March 2008, seven of these horses had a subsequent 4-fold rise in JEV antibody titers while this titer decreased in nine animals. JEV-positive horse sera had a JEV/WNV (West Nile virus) ratio over 2.0 according to the HI and/or VNT. These results indicated that JEV is endemic among equines in India.

Awareness Regarding Risk Factors, Symptoms and Treatment Facilities for Cancer in Selected States of India

Raj, Sherin,Piang, Lam Khan,Nair, K.S.,Tiwari, V.K.,Kaur, Harneet,Singh, Bacchu Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.8

Objective: To study the level of awareness and knowledge about cancers and associated risk factors among households in selected states of India. Methods: In the study 3070 households were interviewed from six states viz, West Bengal, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Mizoram. Results: Knowledge of cancers other than those related to tobacco was very low (prostate 8%, colon 11% ) among the communities, with a poor awareness of warning signs and symptoms. The knowledge varied from state to state. It is found that the major source of information related to cancers was television (38%) followed by friends and relatives (36%). Only about 15 % of respondents had knowledge about cancer awareness camps organized in their districts but they did not have knowledge about the organizers of the camp. Findings suggested a strong need for strengthening of DCCP. Conclusion: It is important to create awareness among community through educational programs on cancer prevention, preventable cancer risk factors, benefits of early diagnosis, and availability of screening facilities. Integration of District Cancer Control activities with NRHM could be the most cost-effective strategy to prevent cancers and rural population.

Additional power conservation in 200W power plant with the application of high thermal profiled cooling liquid & improved deep learning based maximum power point tracking algorithm

Raj G. Chauhan,Saurabh K. Rajput,Himmat Singh Techno-Press 2022 Advances in energy research Vol.8 No.3

This research work focuses to design and simulate a 200W solar power system with electrical power conservation scheme as well as thermal power conservation modeling to improve power extraction from solar power plant. Many researchers have been already designed and developed different methods to extract maximum power while there were very researches are available on improving solar power thermally and mechanically. Thermal parameters are also important while discussing about maximizing power extraction of any power plant. A specific type of coolant which have very high boiling point is proposed to be use at the bottom surface of solar panel to reduce the temperature of panel in summer. A comparison between different maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique and proposed MPPT technique is performed. Using this proposed Thermo-electrical MPPT (TE-MPPT) with Deep Learning Algorithm model 40% power is conserved as compared to traditional solar power system models.

Spatio-temporal analysis of the climate impact on rice yield in north-west India

P. K. Kingra,Raj Setia,Satinder Kaur,Simranjeet Singh,Som Pal Singh,S. S. Kukal,B. Pateriya 대한공간정보학회 2018 Spatial Information Research Vol.26 No.4

The effects of climate, fertilizers and irrigation on rice yield and spatial variations of growing season climatic variability were analyzed in the three regions (Northwest, Central and South-west) of Indian Punjab from 1974 to 2013. There was a linear increase in rice yield in Punjab (30 kg ha-1 year-1 in north-east, 29 kg ha-1 year-1 in central and 34 kg ha-1 year-1 in south-west region) over 40 years. The results of Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator showed an increase in minimum temperature (0.03 C year-1 in North-east Punjab and, 0.04 C year-1 each in Central and South-west Punjab) but no significant trend in maximum temperature and rainfall during the rice growing season (June–September). Among different climatic and technological variables, 49% of the variance in rice yield was explained by minimum temperature. Irrigation explained 33% of the remaining 51% variance in rice yield. The larger effect of climatic variables than fertilizer and irrigation suggest that adoption of climate smart and water conservation technologies are required to reduce rice yield variability in the future and improving food security. Spatial variations in yield, rainfall and temperature across Punjab were substantial and these have important consequences for food security by indicating the need for regionspecific technologies.

Detection of Biomolecules Using Charge-Plasma Based Gate Underlap Dielectric Modulated Dopingless TFET

Sachin K. Verma,Shailendra Singh,Girish Wadhwa,Balwinder Raj 한국전기전자재료학회 2020 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.21 No.5

In this Paper, Dielectric Modulated Dopingless Double Gate Transistor (DM-DLDGTFET) device is proposed for the free label detection of the charged and neutral biomolecules. A charge-plasma principle is used for label-free detection of biosensors to reduce the processing complexity and cost of nanoscale products. Firstly, the simulations for the proposed device are carried using Atlas and diff erent electrical parameters are analyzed using the same. It is observed that the dielectric constant and diff erent biomolecule charges for example, protein, DNA, enzyme, cell and many more molecules aff ects the electrical characteristic of the device. The deposition of diff erent workfunction materials over silicon body will do the formation of p+ source and n+ drain region in the DM-DLDGTFET. In addition, by etching the segment of the gate oxide layer to the source end for sensing biomolecules, a nano gap cavity is embedded within the dielectric gate. When biomolecule get immobilized at cavity region, the electrostatic properties of device for example, drain current, I on /I off , subthreshold slope, average subthreshold slope, sensitivity get infl uenced. The energy band diagram and the device’s surface potential for both neutral and charged biomolecules are also discussed. For the validation of the proposed DL-TFET structure, the simulation results are calibrated with reported results and signifi cant improvement are observed in the proposed structure.

Assessing the impact of climate variations on wheat yield in northwest India using GIS

P. K. Kingra,Raj Setia,Jatinder Kaur,Simranjeet Singh,Som Pal Singh,S. S. Kukal,B. Pateriya 대한공간정보학회 2018 Spatial Information Research Vol.26 No.3

We analyzed the spatial and temporal variations (40 years from 1974–75 to 2013–14 with an interval of four decades) in wheat yield as influenced by the three important potential determinants (climate, fertilizers and irrigation) in the three regions (North-west, Central and South-west) of Indian Punjab. Wheat productivity in Punjab has increased linearly at 60–64 kg ha-1 year-1. Although linear increase in productivity can be attributed to technological developments but large year-to-year oscillations depicted the effects of climatic variations. Mann–Kendall and Sen’s slope estimator statistical tests indicated that majority of the trends in maximum temperature and rainfall in different regions were not significant, but there was a significant increase in minimum temperature at 0.053 C year-1 in north-east, at 0.047 C year-1 in central and 0.044 C year-1 in south-west regions of Punjab. Step-wise regression was used to assess the relative influence of three determinants (climate, fertilizer and irrigation) on yield. Minimum temperature explained 44% of variability in yield. Out of the remaining 56% variability, 44% variability in wheat yield was explained by irrigation availability and 7% by fertilizer application. The spatial interpolation showed the decade-wise shift in area towards higher productivity, higher temperature and lower rainfall during the wheat growing season.