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General Introduction of American Ginseng Indigenous in USA and Canada
Park,Chung-Heon,Bang,Kyung-Hwan,Park,Chun-Geun,Sung,Jung-Sook,Song,Won-Seob 한국자원식물학회 2003 Plant Resources Vol.6 No.3
American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium) is herbaceous perennial plants indigenous to North American forests. This is highly valued as medicinal herbs with a long history of collection from wild populations since 1716. Wild American ginseng distributed from Quebec in Canada to northern Florida in USA. A heavy concentration is found in the Appalachian mountains, although wild American ginseng is considered endangered. The price paid for field cultivated ginseng has dropped dramatically in the past 10 years, while the price for wild or woods cultivated ginseng has rised significantly. The price curve for ginseng resembles a roller coaster, reflecting not only supply and demand but many other factors. This information will be useful to understand American ginseng compared to Korean ginseng.
지상라이다를 이용한 미기록 외래종 갯쥐꼬리풀(Spartina Alterniflora)의 분포특성과 관리방안 연구 -다도해 해상국립공원 진도 남동리 해안을 사례로-
박정원 ( Jung Won Park ),김하송 ( Ha Song Kim ),장성건 ( Seong Geon Jang ),천숙진 ( Sook Jin Chun ),육관수 ( Kwan Soo Yuk ) 한국도서학회 2015 韓國島嶼硏究 Vol.27 No.3
갯쥐꼬리풀(Spartina alterniflora)은 북미 대서양 연안 뉴펀들랜드, 캐나다 남쪽에서 아르헨티나 북부의 갯벌이 원산이며, 생장이 강한 특성으로 세계의 기수지역과 해안에서 생태공학적 용도로 도입된 바 있다. 그러나 매우 빠르게 갯벌을 피복하여 자생종의 생장을 방해하고, 염습지 종다양성을 감소 시켰고, 결과적으로 과다생육으로 갯벌 무척추동물의 서식지를 잠식해 사라지게 하여 무척추동물을 먹이로 하는 조류 또한 생태계 내에서 감소키는 등 많은 환경문제를 야기 시켰다. 우리나라에서는 2008년 전후에 다도해해상국립공원에 유입된 것으로 판단된다. 현재 다도해해상국립공원 남동리 해안에서 분포하고 있는 갯쥐꼬리풀(Spartina alterniflora)군락은 습지내 총 6개의 염생식물 군락면적(8,487.7㎡) 중 75.34%의 비율(6,394.86㎡)로 분포하고 있다. 또한 2008년에 11.54㎡ 이던 분포 면적이 2015년 현재 약 550배가 늘어난 6,394.22㎡로 조사되었고 생육지 고도 범위인 0.69m~1.1m를 요인 값으로 두고 GIS 분석한 하였다. 그 결과 앞으로 확산 될 예상 면적은 12,584㎡이며 현재보다 약 6,189.14㎡가 늘어날 것으로 예측되며 우리나라에서도 역시 확산이 빠르고 넓게 늘어날 것으로 판단된다. 향후 계속 분포역이 확대 될 것으로 예상하고 관리방안을 위하여 시범 연구를 실시하였다. 갯쥐꼬리풀군락 중 일부를 첫 번째는 뿌리째 뽑아내기와 두 번째 지상부 제거 후 포장덮기 방법 등 국외사례의 문헌을 바탕으로 방재를 실시하였으나 전체 면적을 방재하기에는 많은 인력과 시간 그리고 예산이 소요되므로 다각적인 방안을 강구하여야 한다. Spartina alterniflora is native to the Atlantic coast from Newfoundland, the south of Canada and northern Argentina. There it forms a dominant part of brackish coastal saltmarshes. Due to its strong growth, the Spartina alternifolra was introduced to the rider area and coast as a use for ecological engineering. The Spartina alterniflora community can crowd out native species, reduce the biodiversity of saltmarsh and alter the environment. As a result, the invertebrates living in mud flats disappeared due to the encroaching of Spartina alterniflora, and the birds which eat off invertebrates went along as well. The Spartina alterniflora was first introduced in South Korea in 2008 and is known to have flowed in the Dadohaehaesang National Park. Compared to 2008, in 2015 the distribution area of the Spartina alterniflora has increased 550 times. (11.54㎡ in 2008 to 6,394.22㎡ in 2015). The large increase of Spartina alterniflora calls for urgent management and additionary study on the subject. Thus, this study analyzed the geo-spatial information on the Spartina alterniflora such as its distribution area, the height of habitats and expected expansion area, and can act as the preliminary data for management.
Park, Jeong Mi,Chung, Chun Kee,Kim, June Sic,Lee, Kyung Myun,Seol, Jaeho,Yi, Suk Won Elsevier 2018 NEUROSCIENCE Vol.369 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The present study investigated the influence of musical expectations on auditory representations in musicians and non-musicians using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Neuroscientific studies have demonstrated that musical syntax is processed in the inferior frontal gyri, eliciting an early right anterior negativity (ERAN), and anatomical evidence has shown that interconnections occur between the frontal cortex and the belt and parabelt regions in the auditory cortex (AC). Therefore, we anticipated that musical expectations would mediate neural activities in the AC via an efferent pathway. To test this hypothesis, we measured the auditory-evoked fields (AEFs) of seven musicians and seven non-musicians while they were listening to a five-chord progression in which the expectancy of the third chord was manipulated (highly expected, less expected, and unexpected). The results revealed that highly expected chords elicited shorter N1m (negative AEF at approximately 100 ms) and P2m (positive AEF at approximately 200 ms) latencies and larger P2m amplitudes in the AC than less-expected and unexpected chords. The relations between P2m amplitudes/latencies and harmonic expectations were similar between the groups; however, musicians’ results were more remarkable than those of non-musicians. These findings suggest that auditory cortical processing is enhanced by musical knowledge and long-term training in a top-down manner, which is reflected in shortened N1m and P2m latencies and enhanced P2m amplitudes in the AC.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Harmonically expected chords reduced P2m latencies in the auditory cortex. </LI> <LI> Harmonically expected chords enhanced P2m amplitudes in the auditory cortex. </LI> <LI> The results from musicians were more salient than non-musicians. </LI> </UL> </P>
Park, Hyeon-Ho,Ko, Seok-Chun,Oh, Gun-Woo,Heo, Soo-Jin,Kang, Do-Hyung,Bae, Sung-Yong,Jung, Won-Kyo Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2018 Journal of Biomaterials Science. Polymer Edition Vol. No.
<P>Phlorotannins (PH) derived from brown algae have been shown to have biological effects. However, the application of PH in biomedical materials has not been investigated. Here, we investigated the effects of PH on normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) proliferation and fabricated a composite hydrogel consisting PH and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) (PVA/PH) by a freezing-thawing method for wound healing applications. Cell proliferation was significantly higher in the PH-treated (0.01 and 0.02%) cells than in non-treated cells. Based on the mechanical properties, the PVA/PH hydrogel had a significantly increased swelling ratio and ultimate strain compared to the PVA hydrogel, but the ultimate tensile strength and tensile modulus were decreased. Additionally, cell attachment and proliferation on the composites were evaluated using NHDFs. The results showed that after 1 and 5days, cell attachment and proliferation were significantly increased on the PVA/PH hydrogel compared with that on the PVA hydrogel. The findings from this study suggest that the PVA/PH hydrogel may be a candidate biomedical material for wound healing applications.</P>
Park, Joon Ha,Lee, Tae-Kyeong,Yan, Bing-Chun,Shin, Bich-Na,Ahn, Ji Hyeon,Kim, In Hye,Cho, Jeong Hwi,Lee, Jae-Chul,Hwang, In Koo,Kim, Jong Dai,Hong, Seongkweon,Lee, Young Joo,Won, Moo-Ho,Kang, Il Jun Medknow PublicationsMedia Pvt Ltd 2017 Chinese medical journal : CMJ Vol.130 No.15
<P><B>Background:</B></P><P><I>Glehnia littoralis</I>, as a traditional herbal medicine to heal various health ailments in East Asia, displays various therapeutic properties including antioxidant effects. However, neuroprotective effects of <I>G. littoralis</I> against cerebral ischemic insults have not yet been addressed. Therefore, in this study, we first examined its neuroprotective effects in the hippocampus using a gerbil model of transient global cerebral ischemia (TGCI).</P><P><B>Methods:</B></P><P>Gerbils were subjected to TGCI for 5 min. <I>G. littoralis</I> extract (GLE; 100 and 200 mg/kg) was administrated orally once daily for 7 days before ischemic surgery. Neuroprotection was examined by neuronal nuclear antigen immunohistochemistry and Fluoro-Jade B histofluorescence staining. Gliosis was observed by immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1. For neuroprotective mechanisms, immunohistochemistry for superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was done.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>Pretreatment with 200 mg/kg of GLE protected pyramidal neurons in the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) area from ischemic insult area (<I>F</I> = 29.770, <I>P</I> < 0.05) and significantly inhibited activations of astrocytes (<I>F</I> = 22.959, <I>P</I> < 0.05) and microglia (<I>F</I> = 44.135, <I>P</I> < 0.05) in the ischemic CA1 area. In addition, pretreatment with GLE significantly increased expressions of SOD1 (<I>F</I> = 28.561, <I>P</I> < 0.05) and BDNF (<I>F</I> = 55.298, <I>P</I> < 0.05) in CA1 pyramidal neurons of the sham- and ischemia-operated groups.</P><P><B>Conclusions:</B></P><P>Our findings indicate that pretreatment with GLE can protect neurons from ischemic insults, and we suggest that its neuroprotective mechanism may be closely associated with increases of SOD1 and BDNF expressions as well as attenuation of glial activation.</P>
Park, Seunghyun,Choi, Hyun-soo,Lee, Byunghan,Chun, Jongsik,Won, Joong-Ho,Yoon, Sungroh IEEE 2018 IEEE/ACM transactions on computational biology and Vol.15 No.2
<P>To assess the genetic diversity of an environmental sample in metagenomics studies, the amplicon sequences of 16s rRNA genes need to be clustered into operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Many existing tools for OTU clustering trade off between accuracy and computational efficiency. We propose a novel OTU clustering algorithm, hc-OTU, which achieves high accuracy and fast runtime by exploiting homopolymer compaction and k-mer profiling to significantly reduce the computing time for pairwise distances of amplicon sequences. We compare the proposed method with other widely used methods, including UCLUST, CD-HIT, MOTHUR, ESPRIT, ESPRIT-TREE, and CLUSTOM, comprehensively, using nine different experimental datasets and many evaluation metrics, such as normalized mutual information, adjusted Rand index, measure of concordance, and F-score. Our evaluation reveals that the proposed method achieves a level of accuracy comparable to the respective accuracy levels of MOTHUR and ESPRIT-TREE, two widely used OTU clustering methods, while delivering orders-of-magnitude speedups.</P>
Won-Kyung Yang,김동선,손은정,이윤미,Yang-Chun Park,Geung-Joo Lee,Seung Hyung kim 한국원예학회 2021 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.62 No.4
Peanut allergy is a major cause of food-induced anaphylaxis and subsequent fatality. Food allergies are becoming an increasingly important global health issue. This study was undertaken to verify the effects of peanut sprout extract (PNSE) on the inhibition of allergic and anaphylactic responses using a peanut (PN)-immunized food allergy mouse model. Fresh peanut sprouts were germinated for 0, 3, 5, and 7 days using mature peanuts. Mice were then sensitized to cholera toxin plus PNE or PNSE by intragastric administration on days 0 and 7, and were then challenged with PNE or PNSE on days 21 and 35. After 5 weeks, we examined the mucosal mast cell degranulation, ear swelling, and systemic anaphylaxis stimulated by PNE extract, in comparison with PNSE. Subsequently, Ara h1, a biomarker of PNE allergy; serum levels; and Th1/Th2 cytokine production in supernatants of cultured splenocytes were measured. PNSE treatment significantly attenuated the secretion of anti-Ara h1 antibody, mucosal mast cell degranulation, degree of systemic anaphylaxis, and ear swelling and increased the production of IFN-γ and IL-10, with a decrease in IL-4 secretion. The results of this study show that the allergenicity of PNE could be reduced by germination, which caused downregulation of Th2 lymphocyte activity, systemic anaphylactic response, and mast cell-mediated ear swelling in PNE-sensitized mice.