컴포머의 수화팽창에 관한 연구

박경진,김종수,권순원 大韓小兒齒科學會 2002 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.29 No.1

컴포머는 산성화된 이증 기능성 레진 단량체와 fluoro-alumino-silicate 글라스 입자로 구성되어 초기에는 복합레진과 같이 광원에 의해 중합되며 이차적으로 구강내 수분을 흡수하면서 글라스 아이오노머 시멘트와 유사한 산-염기 반응으로 중합되고 이의 결과로 물성의 저하없이 지속적으로 불소를 유리한다고 보고되고 있으며, 물분자를 흡수하여 수화됨에 따라 서서히 팽창하여 광중합시의 수축을 보상하고 미세누출을 최소화할 수 있다고 보고되고 있으나 아직 확립되어 있지는 않은 상태이다. 이에 본 연구는 현재 소아치과 임상에서 많이 사용되고있는 컴포머를 대상으로 초기의 중합수축에 의한 미세누출이 수화 팽창에 의해 감소되는지 여부를 복합레진과 비교하기 위하여 5급 와동의 교합면측과 치은면측의 미세누출양을 1일과 30일 후에 측정한 결과 30일 후 컴포머의 치은면측에서 현저히 낮은 미세누출을 보였다. Compomer, like resin composite, undergoes shrinkage during settin. But, due to the structure of glass ionomers and their hydrophilic nature, water sorption and subsequent expansion may lead to compensation of the shrinkage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change of microleakage after 30day-water-storage of compomer and composite resin. 40 sound third molars were used for the microleakage test. Z-100 resin was used for the control groups(Group Ⅰ and Ⅲ). Dyract AP for the experimental group (Group Ⅱ and Ⅳ). The storage time was 1 day in Group Ⅰ, Ⅱ and 30days in Group Ⅲ, Ⅳ. The result from the this study can be summarized as follows: 1. No significant difference could be found in microleakage of occlusal margin between each group(P>0.05). 2. In microleakage of gingival margin, no significant difference could be found between group Ⅰ and Ⅱ, and between group Ⅰ and Ⅲ(P>0.05). 3. Group Ⅳ was showed less micoleakage than group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ in gingival margin(p<0.05).

뇌졸중 환자의 경직 감소를 위한 경피적 전기 신경 자극술과 침술의 효과

백천호,소성욱,김희상,안경회,남상수,박선구 大韓再活醫學會 1997 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.21 No.6

남성 근로자의 고혈압 유무에 따른 열량 영양소 및 지질 섭취 상태 비교

김연정,김수근,백윤미,김미경 대한산업의학회 2006 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.18 No.4

목적: 본 연구에서는 정상 근로자와 고혈압인 근로자간의 식이섭취 실태의 차이를 파악하여 효과적인 사업장 고혈압 관리 방안에 대한 기초 자료를 얻고자 하였다. 방법: 연구 대상은 임의 추출한 발전소 근무자 427명을 대상으로 하였으며, 신장, 체중과 혈압을 측정하고, 생활습관 및 식품섭취빈도조사를 실시하여 자료가 완전한 338명을 분석하였다. 대상자를 정상, 경계 고혈압과 고혈압군으로 분류하여 각 군 간 연령, 신장, 체중, 체질량지수, 혈압 등 인체계측 결과와 흡연, 음주, 운동 등 생활습관 및 열량 영양소 섭취 상태, 지질 성취상태의 결과를 비교하였다. 결과: 연령과 신장은 세 군 간 차이가 없었으나 체중과 체질량지수는 고혈압 군과 다른 두 군 간에 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 세 군 모두 흡연율은 40.0% 미만으로 차이가 없었으나 흡연량은 경계 고혈압과 고혈압군이 정상군보다 유의하게 더 많았다(p<0.05). 음주 습관에서 음주 빈도와 음주량은 경계 고혈압군이 다른 두 군보다 더 높았으며, 음주량만 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 운동 빈도는 주3회 이상 하는 경우가 정상군에서 높았으나 세 군 간에 차이가 없었다. 총 열량 섭취량은 세 군 간 차이가 없었으나, 탄수화물, 단백질, 지방 섭취량과 3대 영양소의 에너지 섭취 비율은 세 군 간에 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 고혈압 군이 다른 군 보다 탄수화물의 섭취는 많고, 지방 섭취는 적었다(p<0.05). 정상군에 비해 경계 고혈압과 고혈압군이 콜레스테롤 섭취량이 상대적으로 적었으나, 유의한 차이가 없었다. P / M /S비도 세 군 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 경계 고혈압군은 총 열량, 단백질, 지방 과잉 섭취자의 비율이 높았고, 고혈압군은 탄수화물, 지방 과잉섭취자의 비율이 높았으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 결론: 본 연구에서 정상 근로자와 고혈압 환자 간에 탄수화물 섭취에 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 경계 고혈압과 고혈압군에서 열량 영양소 섭취와 지방산 섭취가 상대적으로 불균형하였다. 이러한 연구결과에 따라 고혈압뿐만 아니라 경계 고혈압단계에 있는 근로자를 조기에 발견하여 식습관을 포함한 생활습관을 개선하도록 관리할 필요가 있다. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in nutrient intake between normotensive workers and hypertensive workers to obtain basic data for developing a program of effective hypertension care at work. Methods: The subjects were 338 male workers. We measured physical data by medical examination and collected lifestyle data by questionnaire survey. Dietary intakes were collected using a food frequency questionnaire. We classified the subjects into normal, prehypertension, and hypertension groups, and compared the results of age, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), lifestyles and energy nutrients and lipids intake. Results: There were significant differences in both weight and BMI between the hypertension group and the other two groups (p<0.05). The smoking levels of the prehypertension group and hypertension group were significantly higher than that of the normal group (p<0.05). The three groups also showed significant differences in drinking amount (p<0.05). There were significant differences in carbohydrate and protein intakes and the ratio of carbohydrate, protein, and fat intake (p<0.05). Conclusion: In this study, there was a significant difference in carbohydrate intake between normotensive and hypertensive workers, and the intake of energy nutrients and fatty acids in the prehypertension group and hypertension groups was unbalanced. Therefore, early diagnosis of workers with hypertension and prehypertension is necessary to improve lifestyles particularly food habit.

Chiral Host. Attempted Synthesis Using McMurry Reaction as a Final Ring Closure Method

Kyung-Soo Paek,Donald J. Cram Korean Chemical Society 1989 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.10 No.6

Using the low valent titanium induced carbonyl-carbonyl coupling reaction, it was attempted to synthesize sterically hindered 17-membered cyclic chiral host 2. The semifinal dialdehyde 12 was obtained through 11 step reactions beginning from p-tert-butylphenol and dibenzofuran. When dialdehyde 12 was treated with $TiCl_3-Zn/Cu,$ only intermolecularly coupled dimer 14 was obtained instead of intramolecularly coupled cyclic alkene 2. The mechanistic consideration leading to 14 was discussed and the cation binding properties of dimer 14 and dicarboxylic intermediate 13 was reported, which implies the significance of the principle of preorganization of host's binding sites prior to complexation.

Pd(0)-Catalyzed Ortho-Ortho Coupling Reaction

Paek, Kyung-Soo Korean Chemical Society 1991 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.12 No.6

Facile Syntheses and Multi-orthofunctionalizations of Tertiary Benzamides

Paek, Kyung-Soo,Kim, Kyung-Mo,Kim, You-Seung Korean Chemical Society 1993 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.14 No.6

Good yields were usually obtained in Pd(O)-catalyzed Suzuki aryl-aryl coupling reaction, even when both coupling partners had an ortho tertiary benzamide functional group. The direct ortho functionalization of oligomeric tertiary benzamides at Snieckus condition is dependent on the chain length. Tertiary benzamide 1 can be o,o-dilithiated only by metal-halogen exchange of the 2,6-dihalo-compound. Bis-tertiary benzamide 9 can be o,o'-dilithiated with excess(4.1 equivalents) s-butyllithium/TMEDA as the lithiating agent. Tris-tertiary benzamide 21 is hard to o,o"-difunctionalize due to steric interactions among the tertiary benzamide functional groups, and due to steric interactions between these functional groups and others (if present) on the termini of the terphenyl unit.

Cyclic Host Having Double Bonds as Bridging Units

Kyung-Soo Paek,Donald J. Cram Korean Chemical Society 1989 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.10 No.6

Terphenyl dialdehyde 6 was obtained in 17.4% overall yield through oxidative coupling, methylation, and bisformylation reactions starting from p-cresol, and then coupled intermolecularly using McMurry reaction to give 22-membered macrocylic host 7 in 14.4% yield. In crystal structure host 7 has $C2_v$ symmetry with cis-cis configuration of two double bonds. Four methoxy groups adjacent to double bonds and the other two methoxy groups are directed opposite side, forming a cavity which can nest a guest. The cavity is filled by two inward-turned methyl groups out of four methoxy groups adjacent to double bonds. The kinetically controlled reaction mechanism leading to cis product was proposed. The cation binding properties of 7 were obtained using picrate extraction experiment from $D_2O\; into\; CDCl_3\; at\; 25^{\circ}C$. All the spherical cations (from $Li^+ to NH4^+)$ are complexed with free energies of $7.3{\pm}0.3$ kcal/mol.

The Synthesis and Characterization of Water Soluble Host Having Multicarboxy Groups

Paek, Kyung-Soo,Ihm, Chae-Sang 崇實大學校 生産技術硏究所 2002 論文集 Vol.32 No.-

New hosts 6 and 8 bearing tri- and hexa-ester groups respectively, were efficiently obtained from tribromo compound 4 and trihydroxybenzoata 5 through high dilution reaction. The structure of hosts 6 and 8 were confirmed by ^1H NMR and FAB+ mass spectroscopy. New water soluble hosts 7 and 9 having hydrophobic binding site were synthesized from hosts 6 and 8, respectively. The hosts 6 and 7 have a small binding site and the size would be complementary for small size guest such as MeOH, CH_3CN, or metal ions. The hosts 8 and 9 have a large binding site enough to capture a large guest molecule such as xylene or fullerene.

Molecular Engineering. Part 13. Formation of Hemicarcerand Dimer by Metal Coordination

Yoon, Yun-Soo,Park, Hee-Soo,Paek, Kyung-Soo Korean Chemical Society 2006 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.27 No.12

뇌졸중 환자의 연하곤란 사정도구 개발

백은경,문경희,김효진,이은석,이정혜,이승희,손현숙,유지수 병원간호사회 2007 임상간호연구 Vol.13 No.3

Purpose: This study was done using the parameters of oro-pharyngeal function and swallowing difficulties to develop an assessment tool for clinical appraisal. Method: Preliminary parameters were selected from common parameters, related to dysphagia and aspiration in stroke patients, originating from 11 articles in the literature. First 39 parameters were classified by the following characteristics, 16 were related to disease, 13 to oro-pharyngeal function assessment and 10 to swallowing difficulties. Validity of the parameters was determined by a 75% or more agreement by expert consultants. Reliability of the parameters was determined by using the assessment tool with 45 patients who had a stroke. Results: All 39 parameters were determined as adequate for the assessment tool by the opinions of the experts. Tongue movement and soft palate function showed 96.9% agreement among the experts. Cronbach's α for oro-pharyngeal functions and swallowing difficulties were 0.76 and 0.78, respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for oro-pharyngeal functions and swallowing signs were 0.73 and 0.76, respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, this clinical assessment tool which was validated by experts and tested for reliability may be a useful bedside assessment tool for early detection of dysphagia and for prevention of complications of dysphagia in clinical nursing.