Enhancing Software Reusability through Value Based Software Repository

Muhammad Zahid Khan,M. N. A. Khan 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Software Engineering and Vol.8 No.11

Profitability is prime goal of every software organization. In the recent years, software development paradigm has vastly changed due to rapidly changing business requirements. Now customers demand for their desired products to be delivered in a minimal timeframe. To cater for these demands, different rapid development techniques termed as agile development and reusability phenomena are introduced in the software industry. With the help of reusable components, developing and deploying software products can be much easier and economical. Such approaches can help save cost and working hours so that the developing company can utilize its scare resources on other projects. But achieving accurate and precise reusability is not a piece of cake because along with economical and time saving benefits it comes with some shortcomings, such as it can increase the system complexity, can harm the architecture, degrade quality of the system etc. A proper storage facility of reusable components is required where an organization can save its important data and retrieve it when required. A wide range of standard repositories are used in various organizations for this purpose where important data is stored and retrieved. But in reality, every repository contains huge volumes of data and mostly no proper business standards of storing mechanism are applied. Though there are some repository maintaining software available in the market, but they only provide mechanism for storing artifacts. Maintaining the huge data volumes necessitates providing ample search assistance and putting in place precise reusable components suggestion procedure; therefore, researchers have to sift through loads of volumes of data within the repository for locating the intended component. In this paper, we discuss a novel concept of Central Value Based Software Repository (CBVSR). The proposed approach can assist users in finding the more appropriate artifact as it provides the best possible match against the user query. Proper standards have been followed in storing, deleting, amending and discarding data from the CBVSR. Data quality, security and integrity have been taken care of and indexing, tagging and classification are performed to provide technical assistance to developers.

The Influence of Organizational External Factors on Construction Risk Management among Nigerian Construction Companies

A.Q. Adeleke,A.Y. Bahaudin,A.M. Kamaruddeen,J.A. Bamgbade,Maruf Gbadebo Salimon,Muhammad Waris Ali Khan,Shahryar Sorooshian 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2018 Safety and health at work Vol.9 No.1

Background: Substantial empirical research has shown conflicting results regarding the influence of organizational external factors on construction risk management, suggesting the necessity to introduce a moderator into the study. The present research confirmed whether rules and regulations matter on the relationships between organizational external factors and construction risk management. Methods: Based on discouragement and organizational control theory, this research examined the effects of organizational external factors and rules and regulations on construction risk management among 238 employees operating in construction companies in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria. A personally administered questionnaire was used to acquire the data. The data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. Results: A significant positive relationship between organizational external factors and construction risk management was asserted. This study also found a significant positive relationship between rules and regulations and construction risk management. As anticipated, rules and regulations were found to moderate the relationship between organizational external factors and construction risk management, with a significant positive result. Similarly, a significant interaction effect was also found between rules and regulations and organizational external factors. Implications of the research from a Nigerian point of view have also been discussed. Conclusion: Political, economy, and technology factors helped the construction companies to reduce the chance of risk occurrence during the construction activities. Rules and regulations also helped to lessen the rate of accidents involving construction workers as well as the duration of the projects. Similarly, the influence of the organizational external factors with rules and regulations on construction risk management has proven that most of the construction companies that implement the aforementioned factors have the chance to deliver their projects within the stipulated time, cost, and qualities, which can be used as a yardstick to measure a good project.

The Influence of Organizational External Factors on Construction Risk Management among Nigerian Construction Companies

Adeleke, A.Q.,Bahaudin, A.Y.,Kamaruddeen, A.M.,Bamgbade, J.A.,Salimon, Maruf Gbadebo,Khan, Muhammad Waris Ali,Sorooshian, Shahryar Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2018 Safety and health at work Vol.9 No.1

Background: Substantial empirical research has shown conflicting results regarding the influence of organizational external factors on construction risk management, suggesting the necessity to introduce a moderator into the study. The present research confirmed whether rules and regulations matter on the relationships between organizational external factors and construction risk management. Methods: Based on discouragement and organizational control theory, this research examined the effects of organizational external factors and rules and regulations on construction risk management among 238 employees operating in construction companies in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria. A personally administered questionnaire was used to acquire the data. The data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. Results: A significant positive relationship between organizational external factors and construction risk management was asserted. This study also found a significant positive relationship between rules and regulations and construction risk management. As anticipated, rules and regulations were found to moderate the relationship between organizational external factors and construction risk management, with a significant positive result. Similarly, a significant interaction effect was also found between rules and regulations and organizational external factors. Implications of the research from a Nigerian point of view have also been discussed. Conclusion: Political, economy, and technology factors helped the construction companies to reduce the chance of risk occurrence during the construction activities. Rules and regulations also helped to lessen the rate of accidents involving construction workers as well as the duration of the projects. Similarly, the influence of the organizational external factors with rules and regulations on construction risk management has proven that most of the construction companies that implement the aforementioned factors have the chance to deliver their projects within the stipulated time, cost, and qualities, which can be used as a yardstick to measure a good project.

Effectiveness of sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers to assess the geographical origin and genetic diversity of collected lentil genotypes

Mohammed Nabil A.,Afzal Muhammad,Al-Faifi Sulieman A.,Khan Muhammad A.,Refay Yahya A.,AL-Samin Bazel H.,Alghamdi Salem S.,Ibrahim Abdullah 한국식물생명공학회 2023 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.17 No.4

Lentil is an important annual food legume crop, nitrogen fixer and provides a substantial amount of protein, carbohydrate, minerals, and vitamin content. The use of molecular markers to assess genetic diversity is crucial for crop improvement, efficient management, and conservation of plant genetic resources. The current study aimed to determine the genetic diversity among lentil genotypes using sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers. Therefore, we evaluated a collection of 36 lentil genotypes, including 20 from Yemen, Saudi Arabia (7), Egypt (4), and Bangladesh (3), and (2) genotypes from the International Center for Research in Dry Area (ICARDA) using 21 SRAP primer combinations. The amplified fragments showed a high level of useful polymorphic amplified fragments (775 out of 782) indicating a higher degree of variation. The polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.31 to 0.39 with an average of 0.33 for each primer. The UPGMA trees, based on Jaccard similarity index matrices, separated the genotypes into four main clusters according to their geographical origin. The population structure supported the major groups and attested to their great degree of differentiation. The highest lentil population was found at K = 3, K = 5, and K = 7 levels, showing purity and admixture ancestry among the lentil population. This study highlighted the wide genetic diversity among the studied lentil genotypes and demonstrated the effectiveness of the SRAP technique in determining the genetic variability of lentil. Furthermore, it could be used to establish the genetic peculiarity of ecotypes when applying for the obtainment of origin and agro-morphological characteristics.

Feeding Value of Urea Treated Wheat Straw Ensiled with or without Acidified Molasses in Nili-Ravi Buffaloes

Khan, M. Ajmal,Sarwar, Muhammad,Nisa, M.,Khan, M.S.,Bhatti, S.A.,Iqbal, Z.,Lee, W.S.,Lee, H.J.,Kim, H.S.,Ki, K.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.5

Thirty early lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes, six animals in each group, were used in a completely randomized design to examine the feeding value of 4% urea treated wheat straw (UTWS) ensiled with 6% or without acidified molasses. Five experimental diets were formulated. The control ration was balanced to contain 30% DM from UTWS ensiled without acidified molasses. The other four diets were formulated to have 30, 40, 50 and 60% DM from UTWS ensiled with 6% acidified molasses, respectively. Dry matter and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intakes were higher in buffaloes fed diets containing UTWS ensiled with acidified molasses compared with those fed a diet containing UTWS ensiled without acidified molasses. Intake of DM was not significantly different in buffaloes fed diets containing varying levels of UTWS ensiled with acidified molasses. A similar trend was observed for crude protein (CP) intake. Apparent DM and NDF digestibilities were significantly higher in buffaloes fed diets containing UTWS ensiled with acidified molasses compared with those fed UTWS ensiled without acidified molasses. However, differences in DM and NDF digestibilities were non-significant across buffaloes fed diets containing varying levels of UTWS ensiled with acidified molasses. Milk yield (4% fat corrected) was significantly higher in buffaloes fed diets containing UTWS ensiled with acidified molasses than those fed a diet containing UTWS ensiled without acidified molasses. Milk yield was similar in buffaloes fed varying level of UTWS ensiled with acidified molasses. Milk CP, true protein, solid-not-fat and total solids were similar in buffaloes fed UTWS ensiled with or without acidified molasses. The UTWS ensiled with 6% acidified molasses can be included at up to 60% DM of lactating buffalo rations without any ill effect on productivity.

Inherent irreversibility in unsteady magnetohydrodynamic nanofluid flow past a slippery permeable vertical plate with fractional-order derivative

Khan Zafar H,Makinde Oluwole D,Usman Muhammad,Ahmad Rashid,Khan Waqar A,Huang Zaitang 한국CDE학회 2023 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.10 No.5

This study focuses on fractional-order derivatives for the unsteady flow of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) methanol-iron oxide (CH3OH-Fe3O4) nanofluid over a permeable vertical plate. The utilization of fractional-order derivatives provides a mathematical representation of the flow model. The concluding model, consisting of a system of fractional-order transient partial differential equations, has been solved using the finite difference method, and graphical illustrations demonstrate the effects of key parameters on the flow field. Velocity and temperature profiles provide insights into nanofluid behavior. Additionally, essential quantities such as skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, Bejan number, and entropy generation rate have been depicted graphically. Comparison with previous studies authenticates the accuracy of the anticipated model, contributing to new intuitions into MHD nanofluid flow over a permeable vertical plate. It is worth noting that the current model, incorporating fractional-order derivatives, contributes to understanding the physical characteristics of MHD CH3OH-Fe3O4 nanofluid flow over a permeable vertical plate, research that has not been extensively explored before.

Application of conventional and modified cloud point extraction for simultaneous enrichment of cadmium, lead and copper in lake water and fish muscles

Muhammad Bilal,Tasneem G. Kazi,Hassan I. Afridi,Mohammad Balal Arain,Jameel A. Baig,Mustafa Khan,Naeemullah Khan 한국공업화학회 2016 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.40 No.-

A new method based on modification of cloud point extraction for simultaneous enrichment ofcadmium, lead and copper in water and fish muscle samples was proposed. The extraction efficiency bymodified cloud point extraction (m-CPE) was compared with conventional cloud point extraction (c-CPE)method. The procedure for both CPE methods was comprised of formation of metal complexes with ahydrophobic chelating agent, dithizone, followed by entrapment of the chelates in a nonionic surfactant,Triton X-114. For c-CPE, the surfactant rich phase was treated with ethanolic solution of nitric acid andanalyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrometer (FAAS). Whereas for m-CPE, aqueous nitric acid wasused to back extract the metal ions from the surfactant rich phase and finally determined. The efficiencyof the methods was tested by analyzing certified reference material and standard addition to a realsample. All the experimental parameters were optimized. At optimized experimental conditions,preconcentration and enhancement factors were 62.5 and 78.0 to 83.0 respectively for m-CPE, 25.0 and56.0% higher than that of c-CPE. This improvement might be due to elimination of the effects ofsurfactant on the signal of analytes by FAAS. The developed method of m-CPE was applied successfullyfor analysis of the selected heavy metals in water and muscle tissues samples of fish of different lakes inSindh, Pakistan.

Effect of fiber content on the performance of UHPC slabs under impact loading - experimental and analytical investigation

Muhammad Umar Khan,Shamsad Ahmad,Mohammed A. Al-Osta,Ali Husain Algadhib,Husain Jubran Al-Gahtani Techno-Press 2023 Advances in concrete construction Vol.15 No.3

Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) is produced using high amount of cementitious materials, very low water/cementitious materials ratio, fine-sized fillers, and steel fibers. Due to the dense microstructure of UHPC, it possesses very high strength, elasticity, and durability. Besides that, the UHPC exhibits high ductility and fracture toughness due to presence of fibers in its matrix. While the high ductility of UHPC allows it to undergo high strain/deflection before failure, the high fracture toughness of UHPC greatly enhances its capacity to absorb impact energy without allowing the formation of severe cracking or penetration by the impactor. These advantages with UHPC make it a suitable material for construction of the structural members subjected to special loading conditions. In this research work, the UHPC mixtures having three different dosages of steel fibers (2%, 4% and 6% by weight corresponding to 0.67%, 1.33% and 2% by volume) were characterized in terms of their mechanical properties including facture toughness, before using these concrete mixtures for casting the slab specimens, which were tested under high-energy impact loading with the help of a drop-weight impact test setup. The effect of fiber content on the impact energy absorption capacity and central deflection of the slab specimens were investigated and the equations correlating fiber content with the energy absorption capacity and central deflection were obtained with high degrees of fit. Finite element modeling (FEM) was performed to simulate the behavior of the slabs under impact loading. The FEM results were found to be in good agreement with their corresponding experimentally generated results.

Intuitionistic fuzzy interior ideals in ordered semigroups

Muhammad Shabir,A. Khan 한국전산응용수학회 2009 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.27 No.5

In this paper we define intuitionistic fuzzy interior ideals in ordered semigroups. We prove that in regular(resp. intra-regular and semisimple) ordered semigroups the concepts of intuitionistic fuzzy interior ideals and intuitionistic fuzzy ideals coincide. We prove that an ordered semigroup is intuitionistic fuzzy simple if and only if every intutionistic fuzzy interior ideal is a constant function. We characterize intra-regular ordered semigroups in terms of interior (resp. intuitionistic fuzzy interior) ideals. In this paper we define intuitionistic fuzzy interior ideals in ordered semigroups. We prove that in regular(resp. intra-regular and semisimple) ordered semigroups the concepts of intuitionistic fuzzy interior ideals and intuitionistic fuzzy ideals coincide. We prove that an ordered semigroup is intuitionistic fuzzy simple if and only if every intutionistic fuzzy interior ideal is a constant function. We characterize intra-regular ordered semigroups in terms of interior (resp. intuitionistic fuzzy interior) ideals.

Growth, carcass traits, cecal microbial counts, and blood chemistry of meat-type quail fed diets supplemented with humic acid and black cumin seeds

Muhammad Arif,Abdur Rehman,Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack,Muhammad Saeed,Fateh Khan,Muhammad Akhtar,Ayman A. Swelum,Islam M. Saadeldin,Abdullah N. Alowaimer 아세아·태평양축산학회 2018 Animal Bioscience Vol.31 No.12

Objective: The present study attempted to determine safe and sufficient growth promoters in poultry feeding. Methods: A total of 520 seven-day-old quail chicks were randomly allotted to eight treatment groups in a 4×2 factorial design experiment to evaluate the effect of different levels of humic acid (HA) and black cumin (BC) seed and their interactions on growth, carcass traits, gut microbes, and blood chemistry of growing quails. Quails were randomly distributed into 8 groups in a 4×2 factorial design, included 4 HA levels (0, 0.75, 1.5, and 2.25 g/kg diet) and 2 BC levels (0 or 5 g/ kg diet). Results: Increasing HA level associated with a gradual increase in final weight, feed intake and body weight gain along with an improvement in feed conversion ratio. Dietary addition of 5 g BC powder/kg diet gave similar results. The highest level of HA (2.25 g/kg diet) recorded the best values of carcass weight, breast yield, intestinal length, and intestinal weight comparing with the control and other HA levels. Total viable microbial counts decreased (p<0.05) with increasing levels of HA except the intermediate level (1.5 g/kg diet). The concentration of serum cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (excluding that 0.75 g HA) decreased (p<0.05) and high density lipoprotein increased (p = 0.034) along with increasing HA level. The interaction between the 2.25 g HA×5 g gave the best results regarding most studied parameters. Conclusion: These findings indicated that HA combined with BC could be used as effective growth promoters, with the recommended level being 2.25 g HA+5 g BC/kg of quail diet.