The Relationship Between Self-confidence and Academic Commitment of AB-ELS Students in Learning Korean Language in an Online Class Setting

Jeremy C. DeGuzman,Tarlac State University,Kyla Niicole G. Cruz,Jiyoung Lee 국제인문사회연구학회 2022 Studies on Humanities and Social Sciences (SHSC) Vol.4 No.1

The Relationship Between Self-confidence and Academic Commitment of AB-ELS Students in Learning Korean Language in an Online Class Setting Jeremy C. DeGuzman,* Kim M. andrea Reyes,** Kyla Niicole G. Cruz,*** & Jiyoung Lee**** Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the Self-confidence and Academic Commitment of students learning Korean online. The subjects of this study were 86 4th year students of AB ELS who participated in online Korean language classes. In this study, analysis data were collected through an online questionnaire of self-confidence and academic commitment. For analysis, using SPSS 23.0, descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were performed. The research results are as follows. First, the students’ self-confidence was found to be neither agree nor disagree. Second, students’ academic commitment was slightly disagreed. Third, it was found that there was a significant positive correlation between students’ self-confidence and academic commitment. Based on the results of this study, methods to enhance the academic commitment of students learning Korean online were discussed. Key Words: AB English Language Studies Students, Academic Commitment, Correlation, Foreign Language Learning, Korean language, Online Classroom, Self-confidence □ Received: June 1, 2022, Revised: June 28, 2022, Accepted: June 30, 2022 * First Author, College of Arts and Social Sciences, Tarlac State University, Philippines, Student ** Co-author 1, College of Arts and Social Sciences, Tarlac State University, Philippines, Student *** Co-author 2, College of Arts and Social Sciences, Tarlac State University, Philippines, Student **** Corresponding Author, College of Arts and Social Sciences, Tarlac State University, Philippines, Lecturer The Relationship Between Self-confidence and Academic Commitment of AB-ELS Students in Learning Korean Language in an Online Class Setting Jeremy C. DeGuzman,* Kim M. andrea Reyes,** Kyla Niicole G. Cruz,*** & Jiyoung Lee**** Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the Self-confidence and Academic Commitment of students learning Korean online. The subjects of this study were 86 4th year students of AB ELS who participated in online Korean language classes. In this study, analysis data were collected through an online questionnaire of self-confidence and academic commitment. For analysis, using SPSS 23.0, descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were performed. The research results are as follows. First, the students’ self-confidence was found to be neither agree nor disagree. Second, students’ academic commitment was slightly disagreed. Third, it was found that there was a significant positive correlation between students’ self-confidence and academic commitment. Based on the results of this study, methods to enhance the academic commitment of students learning Korean online were discussed. Key Words: AB English Language Studies Students, Academic Commitment, Correlation, Foreign Language Learning, Korean language, Online Classroom, Self-confidence □ Received: June 1, 2022, Revised: June 28, 2022, Accepted: June 30, 2022 * First Author, College of Arts and Social Sciences, Tarlac State University, Philippines, Student ** Co-author 1, College of Arts and Social Sciences, Tarlac State University, Philippines, Student *** Co-author 2, College of Arts and Social Sciences, Tarlac State University, Philippines, Student **** Corresponding Author, College of Arts and Social Sciences, Tarlac State University, Philippines, Lecturer

IL-6 receptor 관 defines effector memory CD8+ T cells producing Th2 cytokines and expanding in asthma.

Lee, Naeun,You, Sungyong,Shin, Min Sun,Lee, Won-Woo,Kang, Ki Soo,Kim, Sang Hyun,Kim, Wan-Uk,Homer, Robert J,Kang, Min-Jong,Montgomery, Ruth R,Dela Cruz, Charles S,Shaw, Albert C,Lee, Patty J,Chupp, Ge American Lung Association 2014 American journal of respiratory and critical care Vol.190 No.12

<P>Cytokine receptors can be markers defining different T-cell subsets and considered as therapeutic targets. The association of IL-6 and IL-6 receptor 관 (IL-6R관) with asthma was reported, suggesting their involvement in asthma.</P>

Specificity of Multiplex PCR in the Detection of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Seeds

Da-Young Lee,Vera Cruz, C. M. 한국국제농업개발학회 2014 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.26 No.4

종자 등 유전자원의 국가간 교류는 새로운 병원균을 유입시켜 새로운 병을 일으키고 경제적인 손실을 극대화 시킬수 있는 원인을 제공하기 때문에 국가별로 검역이 더욱 강화되고 있는 실정이다. 그러한 연유로 국가별로는 자국에 존재하지 않은 유사한 병원균을 발견할 경우 종자도입을 막고 있어 불필요한 경제적 손실원인이 되기도 한다. 따라서 이러한 손실을 막기위해 각국에 검역소에서는 병원균의 형태적인 감별보다 더 정확한 검정기술이 시급한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 다중PCR을 통하여 한번의 PCR 증폭으로 벼종자에 존재하는 벼흰잎마름병을 일으키는 Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo)과 세균성 줄무늬병을 일으키는 Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzicola (Xoc) 를 검출하고 이 두병원균을 판별할수 있는, 국제미작연구소가 최적화한 다중PCR 검정방법의 실질적 적용성 여부를 검증하기 위한 연구였다. 그 결과 51개의 비병원성이나 Xoo 또는 Xoc 와 유사하며 벼종자에서 분리된 균들은 다중PCR검정에서 어떤 밴드도 증폭하지 않은 반면, 대조구(positive control)에서는 알맞은 band size의 amplicon들을 증폭해냈다. 따라서 본 연구에 사용된 국제미작연구소에서 최적화된 다중 PCR방법 (IRRI-optimized multiplex PCR)은 벼종자에서 발견할수 있는 Xoo와 Xoc 의 존재 여부 뿐만 아니라 이들과 형태적으로 유사하나 비병원성균으로부터 구분해 내는데 탁월한 방법이었음을 확인할 수 있었다. One of the major hurdles faced by numerous quarantine centers is to accurately detect and distinguish non-plant pathogenic bacteria from plant pathogenic bacteria based on colony morphology. Yellow colony-forming, non-plant pathogenic bacteria found in rice seeds are often misidentified as Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc), causal agents of bacterial leaf blight and bacterial leaf streak, respectively. In this study, 51 non-pathogenic, yellow-colony forming, Xoo and Xoc look-alike bacteria isolated from rice seeds, were used to test the specificity of a multiplex PCR for the detection and differentiation of Xoo and Xoc. Four primer pairs used in this multiplex PCR specific for Xanthomonas oryzae (Xo), Xoo and Xoc were used and all 51 isolates did not amplify any band, indicating that they are not Xo, Xoo or Xoc. These results imply that the multiplex PCR used in this study is robust in detecting and differentiating Xoo and Xoc from non-pathogenic, rice seed-associated, yellow colony-forming bacteria.

Synchronization and identification of ship shaft power and speed for energy efficiency design index verification

Donchool Lee,Ronald Dela Cruz Barro,Jeonggil Nam 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2014 한국마린엔지니어링학회지 Vol.38 No.2

Frequency-Focused GAN Pipeline for Art-like Image Generation

Jose Cruz Castelo Beltran(호세 카스텔로),YoHwan Noh(노요환),DoHoon Lee(이도훈) 한국정보과학회 2022 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2022 No.06

전남 지역 관광지 영문 안내판의 문제점과 개선 방안

이종근 ( Lee Jong Kun ),( Edmundo Cruz Luna ) 대한언어학회 2016 언어학 Vol.24 No.3

Foreign tourists visiting Korea often point out that English plaques at tourist destinations in Korea show a considerable number of errors in grammar and spelling, along with errors in using inappropriate terms. The purpose of the present study is to investigate some typical problems with English plaques at tourist destinations in Jeonnam and propose ways of resolving them. As pointed out by foreign tourists, several types of errors were frequently found in English plaques at tourist destinations in Jeonnam. The present study has classified problems with English plaques into five types: 1) grammatical errors and spelling errors due to lack of knowledge of the English language and ability for English translation; 2) errors in diction due to the lack of understanding Korean history, culture, religion on the one hand and the inability to understand differences in meaning between similar words on the other hand; 3) errors made by translators due to their carelessness and errors made by the manufacturers of the English plaques themselves; 4) errors made by not following the official way of romanizing Korean proper nouns; and 5) errors made by using machine translation. The present work has proposed ways of resolving these problems. When local governments plan to put up English plaques at tourist destinations, before they ask a translator or an agency to translate the Korean version of the plaque, they should organize a committee consisting of the following: experts in local tourism, a professor of English interested in translation endeavors, and a native English speaker. Based on the committee``s recommendations, the local governments can then decide whom they should ask to translate the plaques. In addition, local governments should adopt a system of having the translators’ and editors’ real names either on the English plaques or in the local governments’ websites so that they have incentives to avoid possible errors as much as possible. Finally, local governments should develop a better system for local government employees who are responsible for putting up these English plaques to have the appropriate degree of expertise in dealing with these problems.

Small RNAs control sodium channel expression, nociceptor excitability, and pain thresholds.

Zhao, Jing,Lee, Man-Cheung,Momin, Ali,Cendan, Cruz-Miguel,Shepherd, Samuel T,Baker, Mark D,Asante, Curtis,Bee, Lucy,Bethry, Audrey,Perkins, James R,Nassar, Mohammed A,Abrahamsen, Bjarke,Dickenson, Ant The Society 2010 The Journal of neuroscience Vol.30 No.32

<P>To examine the role of small RNAs in peripheral pain pathways, we deleted the enzyme Dicer in mouse postmitotic damage-sensing neurons. We used a Nav1.8-Cre mouse to target those nociceptors important for inflammatory pain. The conditional null mice were healthy with a normal number of sensory neurons and normal acute pain thresholds. Behavioral studies showed that inflammatory pain was attenuated or abolished. Inflammatory mediators failed to enhance excitability of Nav1.8+ sensory neurons from null mutant mice. Acute noxious input into the dorsal horn of the spinal cord was apparently normal, but the increased input associated with inflammatory pain measured using c-Fos staining was diminished. Microarray and quantitative real-time reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that Dicer deletion lead to the upregulation of many broadly expressed mRNA transcripts in dorsal root ganglia. By contrast, nociceptor-associated mRNA transcripts (e.g., Nav1.8, P2xr3, and Runx-1) were downregulated, resulting in lower levels of protein and functional expression. qRT-PCR analysis also showed lowered levels of expression of nociceptor-specific pre-mRNA transcripts. MicroRNA microarray and deep sequencing identified known and novel nociceptor microRNAs in mouse Nav1.8+ sensory neurons that may regulate nociceptor gene expression.</P>

Attitudes toward Physical Education of Adolescent Students in the Philippines and South Korea

Angelita B. Cruz,Seokhwan Lee,Yu Sun 부산외국어대학교 아세안연구원 2023 Suvannabhumi Vol.15 No.1

This study examined adolescent male and female students’ attitudes toward physical education (PE) from the Philippines and South Korea. Participants were 451 middle school students from the Philippines and South Korea. The Physical Education Attitude Scale (PEAS) was used to measure students’ PE attitudes. Overall, students had moderately positive attitudes toward PE. PE attitudes of Korean boys were more positive compared with Filipino boys, while the reverse was found for Korean females and their Filipino counterparts. Based on the different aspects of PE, Filipino girls were more motivated to participate in PE activities and more satisfied with their PE class than Korean girls. Korean boys were highly satisfied, more comfortable, and less anxious during PE compared with Filipino boys. Finally, Filipino boys had less positive view towards their PE teacher than Korean boys. This study shows adolescent students’ attitudes toward PE were generally positive, complex, and affected by sex and nationality. It also provides additional knowledge on comparative international research on cross-cultural PE attitudes.

The Effects of Sentiment and Readability on Useful Votes for Customer Reviews with Count Type Review Usefulness Index

Ruth Angelie Cruz(루스 안젤리 크루즈),Hong Joo Lee(이홍주) 한국지능정보시스템학회 2016 지능정보연구 Vol.22 No.1

Customer reviews help potential customers make purchasing decisions. However, the prevalence of reviews on websites push the customer to sift through them and change the focus from a mere search to identifying which of the available reviews are valuable and useful for the purchasing decision at hand. To identify useful reviews, websites have developed different mechanisms to give customers options when evaluating existing reviews. Websites allow users to rate the usefulness of a customer review as helpful or not. Amazon.com uses a ratio-type helpfulness, while Yelp.com uses a count-type usefulness index. This usefulness index provides helpful reviews to future potential purchasers. This study investigated the effects of sentiment and readability on useful votes for customer reviews. Similar studies on the relationship between sentiment and readability have focused on the ratio-type usefulness index utilized by websites such as Amazon.com. In this study, Yelp.com’s count-type usefulness index for restaurant reviews was used to investigate the relationship between sentiment/readability and usefulness votes. Yelp.com’s online customer reviews for stores in the beverage and food categories were used for the analysis. In total, 170,294 reviews containing information on a store’s reputation and popularity were used. The control variables were the review length, store reputation, and popularity; the independent variables were the sentiment and readability, while the dependent variable was the number of helpful votes. The review rating is the moderating variable for the review sentiment and readability. The length is the number of characters in a review. The popularity is the number of reviews for a store, and the reputation is the general average rating of all reviews for a store. The readability of a review was calculated with the Coleman–Liau index. The sentiment is a positivity score for the review as calculated by SentiWordNet. The review rating is a preference score selected from 1 to 5 (stars) by the review author. The dependent variable (i.e., usefulness votes) used in this study is a count variable. Therefore, the Poisson regression model, which is commonly used to account for the discrete and nonnegative nature of count data, was applied in the analyses. The increase in helpful votes was assumed to follow a Poisson distribution. Because the Poisson model assumes an equal mean and variance and the data were over-dispersed, a negative binomial distribution model that allows for over-dispersion of the count variable was used for the estimation. Zero-inflated negative binomial regression was used to model count variables with excessive zeros and over-dispersed count outcome variables. With this model, the excess zeros were assumed to be generated through a separate process from the count values and therefore should be modeled as independently as possible. The results showed that positive sentiment had a negative effect on gaining useful votes for positive reviews but no significant effect on negative reviews. Poor readability had a negative effect on gaining useful votes and was not moderated by the review star ratings. These findings yield considerable managerial implications. The results are helpful for online websites when analyzing their review guidelines and identifying useful reviews for their business. Based on this study, positive reviews are not necessarily helpful; therefore, restaurants should consider which type of positive review is helpful for their business. Second, this study is beneficial for businesses and website designers in creating review mechanisms to know which type of reviews to highlight on their websites and which type of reviews can be beneficial to the business. Moreover, this study highlights the review systems employed by websites to allow their customers to post rating reviews.

광픽업 유닛 기반 원자현미경의 Dynamic 모드 측정용 Lock-in Amplifier

Mark A. Cruz,송수환(Su-Hwan Song),이상헌(Sang Heon Lee) 한국생산제조학회 2019 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.28 No.2

In this paper, we introduce a lock-in amplifier for the dynamic mode operation of atomic force microscopy, based on the optical pickup unit of a DVD. We fabricated a lock-in amplifier, which is fundamentally based on the principle of the dual phase mode, and included an additional enhancement structure to ensure high bandwidth, so that it is capable of supporting high-speed scanning probe microcopy in the future. We performed a basic experiment for performance evaluation and dynamic mode imaging of a standard sample by applying the fabricated lock-in amplifier module to a pre-developed optical pickup unit based atomic force microscopy.