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Byeongil Lee,Namtae Kim,Sewook Jang,Jeong Hyeon Park,송민규,Kuktae Kwon,Seung Hee Kim,김영규 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.113 No.-
Insensitive munitions (IMs) that suit safety requirements have received much attention to prevent anaccidental explosion of the munition by external stimuli. For example, 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane(RDX), a sensitive legacy explosive material with high explosive performance, is usually used togetherwith insensitive explosives such as 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TATB) in IM formulation to fitthe safe operational range of sensitivities. In recent decades, the development of new high energy materials(HEMs) with remarkable insensitivities have become a forefront topic of the energetic material field. Herein, we report a novel HEM based on a hexaaza[3.3.3]propellane skeleton, 2,6-dinitro-3,7,10-trioxo-2,4,6,8,9,11-hexaaza[3.3.3]pro-pellane (5), which was determined to have high explosive performancealong with reduced sensitivity to external stimuli. Both the measured explosive performances and theimpact sensitivity of 5 were better than those of TATB. We propose 5 as a promising insensitive HEMand a potential candidate for IM.
Synthesis of 2,4,6,8,9,11-hexaaza[3.3.3]propellanes as a new molecular skeleton for explosives
Lee, Byeongil,Shin, Moonyong,Seo, Youngran,Kim, Myeong Hak,Lee, Hye Ryoung,Kim, Jin Seok,Chung, Kyu-hyun,Yoo, Dongwon,Kim, Young Gyu Elsevier 2018 Tetrahedron Vol.74 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Azapropellanes are of great interest in many disciplines, including materials science and medicinal chemistry. Various synthetic approaches for azapropellanes have been explored; however, the synthetic study of the polyazapropellane skeleton containing five or more nitrogen atoms is rare. Here, we report a simple yet highly efficient protocol for the synthesis of the hexaaza[3.3.3]propellane skeleton as a building block for high energy materials for the first time. The key reactions include the Boc<SUB>2</SUB>O-assisted cyclization of glycoluril diamine without a column purification step and the first full reduction of all the three carbonyl groups to the methylene groups through a combination of LiAlH<SUB>4</SUB> and DIBAL-H. All the structures were confirmed by spectroscopic and X-ray analyses.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
서브마이크로미터 크기의 실리콘 음극용 폴리페난트렌퀴논-폴리아크릴산 전도성 고분자 복합 바인더
김상모,이병일,이재길,이정범,류지헌,김형태,김영규,오승모,Kim, Sang-Mo,Lee, Byeongil,Lee, Jae Gil,Lee, Jeong Beom,Ryu, Ji Heon,Kim, Hyung-Tae,Kim, Young Gyu,Oh, Seung M. 한국전기화학회 2016 한국전기화학회지 Vol.19 No.3
나노 크기에 비해 부피 변화가 상대적으로 더 큰 서브마이크로미터 크기의 실리콘 음극의 성능 향상을 위해 도전재 역할을 하는 3,6-poly(phenanthrenequinonone) (PPQ) 전도성 고분자 바인더와 카복시기를 가져 결착력이 좋은 poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)를 블렌딩 한 복합 바인더를 도입하였다. PAA를 PPQ와 블렌딩하여 전극을 제조했을 때 결착력이 월등히 증가하였고 충방전실험 결과 PPQ 바인더를 단독으로 사용한 전극보다 안정된 수명 특성을 나타냈다. PPQ와 PAA의 함량 비율을 2:1, 1:1, 1:2(무게비)로 하여 각 전극의 수명 특성을 비교했을 때, PPQ의 함량이 가장 큰 전극(2:1, QA21)이 50번째 사이클에서 가장 좋은 용량 유지율을 보였다. 이는 PPQ가 입자 간 또는 입자와 집전체 사이에서 도전재로서 존재하여 전자가 이동할 수 있는 통로를 제공해 주고 PAA가 적절한 결착력을 제공해주어 전극의 내부 저항이 가장 작았기 때문이다. PPQ-PAA 복합 바인더를 사용한 전극은 입자 형태의 도전재인 super-P를 전체 전극 무게 대비 20%를 첨가하여 제조한 전극보다도 더 안정적인 수명 특성을 나타내었다. In order to improve performances of submicrometer-sized Si negative electrode which shows larger volumetric change than nano-sized Si, composite binders are introduced by blending between poly(phenanthrenequinone) (PPQ) conductive polymer binder and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) having good adhesion strength due to its carboxyl functional group. Blending between PPQ and PAA shows an effect that the adhesion strength of the Si electrode with the composite conductive binder is greatly improved after blending and this makes its better stable cycle performance. Blending ratios between PPQ and PAA in this work are 2:1, 1:1, 1:2 (by weight) and the best capacity retention at 50th cycle is observed in the electrode with the blending ratio 2:1 (named QA21). This is because that PPQ plays a role of conductive carbon among the Si particles or between Si particles and Cu current collector and PAA binds effectively the particles and the current collector. According to this synergetic effect, the internal resistance of the Si electrode with the blending ratio 2:1 is the smallest value. In addition, the Si electrode with PPQ-PAA composite binder shows the better stable cycle performance than the electrode with conventional super-P conductive carbon (20 wt.%).
문병일(Byeongil Mun),김윤정(Yunjeong Kim),손행선(Haengseon Son),이선영(Seonyoung Lee),민경원(Kyungwon Min) 대한전자공학회 2019 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2019 No.11
In this paper, a sensor fusion and tracking method using multi camera and LiDAR is proposed. The relation between a camera and LiDAR is obtained using an existing LiDAR and camera calibration method in ROS package. In order to detect objects using LiDAR and camera, we use lidar-eucliean-cluster-detect package in Autoware and YoloV3, respectively. We propose a simple fusion method between detection data from multi-camera and clustering data from LiDAR. An experiment is conducted to verify the proposed algorithm.
문병일(Byeongil Mun),김윤정(Yunjeong Kim),손행선(Haengseon Son),이선영(Seonyoung Lee),민경원(Kyungwon Min) 대한전자공학회 2019 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2019 No.6
In this paper, a novel and simplified method to create a vector map using satellite map is presented. By replacing a point cloud map which is used in the conventional vector map making with a satellite map, the proposed vector map making method can save time, resolve space constraints, and make it easier to create vector maps in real-world as well as virtual environments. Furthermore, the global path planning is performed based on the vector map, and it is verified by simulation results.
윤태경,이강춘,노병일 한국환경과학회 2005 한국환경과학회지 Vol.14 No.3
The performance of ozone contactor in ozone-BAC advanced water treatment process was evaluated by the degree of decomposition of organic matters. The degree was measured by the analyses of UV_(254) absorbance and the concentrations of DOC and BDOC for the sand filtered water and the ozone treated water, respectively. In addition, the ozone concentration in the contactor, required for the maximum BDOC concentration, was selected as the optimum concentration, and the appropriate residential time of ozone treated water in a reservoir was recommended based on the residual ozone concentration in the treated water. The following results were obtained from the pilot scale experiments. By ozonation UV254 absorbance was decreased, and BDOC concentration was increased. The change of DOC concentration by ozonation was negligible, but the excess input of ozone resulted in the removal of the small amount of BDOC by complete oxidation. The optimum ozone concentration was 0.58 mg O₃/mg DOC. In order to remove residual ozone, 20 minutes of the residential time were enough after ozonation.
Time to Take Sleeping Pills and Subjective Satisfaction among Cancer Patients
Soyoung Youn,Byeongil Choi,Suyeon Lee,Changnam Kim,Seockhoon Chung 대한신경정신의학회 2020 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.17 No.3
Objective We investigated the influence of the time to take hypnotics and daytime activity on patient satisfaction with sleeping pills. Methods Ninety-six cancer patients who were currently taking benzodiazepine or z-drug as hypnotics were grouped into satisfied and dissatisfied groups. The subjects’ symptoms, time to take sleeping pills, bedtime, sleep onset time, wake up time, and time in bed within 24 hours (TIB/d) were obtained. Results The satisfied group had significantly late sleeping pill ingestion time (p=0.04); significantly early wake up time (p=0.01); and significantly shorter sleep latency, TIB/d, duration from the administration of pills to sleep onset, and duration from the administration of pills to wake up time (PTW). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the significant predictors of patient satisfaction to hypnotics were less severity of insomnia [odds ratio (OR)=0.91] and the time variables, including late sleeping pill administration time (OR=1.53) and early wake up time (OR=0.57). Among the duration variables, short PTW (OR=0.30) and short TIB/d (OR=0.64) were significantly related with the satisfaction to hypnotics. Conclusion Reducing the duration from the administration of hypnotics to wake up time and TIB/d can influence the satisfaction to sleeping pills.
Bis(4-azido-3,5-dinitro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methane as a New Green Primary Explosive
Namtae Kim,Byeongil Lee,Hye Jung Shin,Jeong Hyeon Park,Kuktae Kwon,김승희,김영규 대한화학회 2020 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.41 No.9
Bis(4-chloro-3,5-dinitro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methane 2 was obtained for the first time via the coupling reaction of 4-chloro-3,5-dinitro-1H-pyrazole 1 as a promising precursor for new explosives. The careful selection of the reaction conditions enabled the coupling of 1 having the poor reactivity to produce 2 in a good yield. The target compound, bis(4-azido-3,5-dinitro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methane 3, was produced by the double azidation reaction of 2 in one step. Some explosive properties of 2 and 3 were characterized and 3 is expected to be a novel green primary explosive having superior explosive properties and better thermal stability than those of a widely used primary explosive, 2-diazo-4,6-dinitrophenol .
Novel 4,5-Dinitro-N,N′-dialkylimidazolium Cations as Candidates for High-energy Materials
Namtae Kim,Byeongil Lee,송민규,Sewook Jang,Kuktae Kwon,김승희,김영규 대한화학회 2021 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.42 No.3
In the synthesis of energetic ionic liquids (EILs), the quaternization of dinitroimidazoles remains a challenging task due to their reduced nucleophilicity. In this study, two new EILs precursors, 3-ethyl-1-methyl-4,5-dinitro-1H-imidazol-3-ium tetrafluoroborate (1) and 1,3-diethyl-4,5-dinitro-1H-imidazol-3-ium tetrafluoroborate (2) were obtained via the alkylation of 1-methyl-4,5-dinitro-1H-imidazole and 4,5-dinitro-1H-imidazole using Meerwein's reagents, respectively. The 4,5-dinitroimidazolium cations are expected to be applied for new insensitive high-energy materials (HEMs) via an anion metathesis reaction with energetic anions. Two new EILs, 3-ethyl-1-methyl-4,5-dinitro-1H-imidazol-3-ium 2,4,5-trinitroimidazol-1-ide (3) and 1,3-diethyl-4,5-dinitro-1H-imidazol-3-ium 2,4,5-trinitroimidazol-1-ide (4), were obtained as potential HEMs via the anion metathesis reaction with 2,4,5-trinitroimidazol-1-ide. Although some improvements in the thermal properties are desired, compound 3 showed the promising properties as a new insensitive HEM because of its excellent insensitivity and more powerful explosive performance than those of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT).