혈관 길이(vessel length) 측정시 calibration 방법에 따른 정확성 비교

이정범,서정범,김동현,김경수,김순배 대한인터벤션영상기술학회 2007 대한인터벤션영상기술학회지 Vol.10 No.1

혈관조영장비와 3D Reconstruction 장비를 이용한 Vessel Length 측정 비교

이정범,서정범,김동현 대한인터벤션영상기술학회 2008 대한인터벤션영상기술학회지 Vol.11 No.1

목적 혈관조영장비에서 획득한 3D rotation 영상과 이를 바탕으로 3D reconstruction 장비에서 얻어진 3D 영상을 통하여 vessel length를 측정하여 실제값과 차이가 있는지 비교하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 실험에 이용된 장비는 2005년 본원에 설치된 독일 SIEMENS사의 AXIOM Artis dBA 혈관조영장비를 이용하여 190°의 회전 영상을 얻었으며, 이를 바탕으로 동일 회사 3D reconstruction 장비인 Leonardo 장비(Ver, VE23C)를 사용하였고, 이때 Auto TOD(Table object distance)를 0㎝, 혈관 길이(vessel length)에 해당하는 납자 길이 100㎜를 장비 내에 내장된 software인 caliper를 이용해 측정하였다. 그리고 임의의 TOD에서 동일한 방법으로 측정하였다. 측정 저건은 장비에 미리 setting 된 3D rotation DR(5s-1k) 조건을 이용하였으며 ROI는 42㎝ 이었다. 측정오류를 줄이고자 측정자 한명이 3회를 측정하여 평균을 구하였다. 결과 TOD 0㎝에서 100㎝의 납자를 측정한 결과 혈관조영장비 자체에서는 100.1㎜, 3D reconstruction 장비에서는 99.5㎜로 별 차이가 없는 것으로 측정되었으나 임의의 TOD에서는 103,7㎜, 99.2㎜의 측정값을 보였다. 〈표 삽입〉 결론 혈관조영장비와 3D reconstruction 장비를 이용하여 길이 100㎜의 납자를 측정한 결과 TOD 0㎝에서는 100.1㎜, Leonardo에서는 99.5㎜로 별 차이가 없었으나, 임의의 TOD에서는 103.7㎜, 99.2㎜의 측정결과로 오차범위에 있으나 TOD 0㎝ 보다는 혈관조영장비에서 현저한 차이를 보였다. 정확한 환자 치료를 위혜서는 CT 등을 이용한 정확한 높이로 calibration을 시행하는 것이 바람직하며, 정확한 측정을 하기 위하여 장비자체의 caliper 보다는 3D reconstruction 장비의 caliper 기능을 이용하는 것이 바람직하다고 할 수 있을 것이다.

Heat Acclimatization in Hot Summer for Ten Weeks Suppress the Sensitivity of Sweating in Response to Iontophoretically-administered Acetylcholine

이정범 대한약리학회 2008 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.12 No.6

To determine the peripheral mechanisms involved in thermal sweating during the hot summers in July before acclimatization and after acclimatization in September, we evaluated the sweating response of healthy subjects (n=10) to acetylcholine (ACh), a primary neurotransmitter involved in peripheral sudomotor sensitivity. The quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test (QSART) measures sympathetic C fiber function after iontophoresed ACh evokes a measurable reliable sweat response. The QSART, at 2 mA for 5 min with 10% ACh, was applied to determine the directly activated (DIR) and axon reflex-mediated (AXR) sweating responses during ACh iontophoresis. The AXR sweat onset-time by the axon reflex was 1.50±0.32 min and 1.84±0.46 min before acclimatization in July and after acclimatization in September, respectively (p<0.01). The sweat volume of the AXR(1) [during 5 min 10% iontophoresis] by the axon reflex was 1.45±0.53 mg/cm2 and 0.98±0.24 mg/cm² before acclimatization in July and after acclimatization in September, respectively (p<0.001). The sweat volume of the AXR(2) [during 5 min post-iontophoresis] by the axon reflex was 2.06±0.24 mg/cm² and 1.39±0.32 mg/cm² before and after acclimatization in July and September, respectively (p<0.001). The sweat volume of the DIR was 5.88±1.33 mg/cm² and 4.98±0.94 mg/cm² before and after acclimatization in July and September, respectively (p<0.01). These findings suggest that lower peripheral sudomotor responses of the ACh receptors are indicative of a blunted sympathetic nerve response to ACh during exposure to hot summer weather conditions.

Seasonal Acclimatization in Summer versus Winter to Changes in the Sweating Response during Passive Heating in Korean Young Adult Men

이정범,김태욱,민영기,양훈모 대한약리학회 2015 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.19 No.1

We investigated the sweating response during passive heating (partial submersion up to theumbilical line in 42±0.5oC water, 30 min) after summer and winter seasonal acclimatization (SA). Testing was performed in July during the summer, 2011 [summer-SA; temp, 25.6±1.8oC; relativehumidity (RH), 82.1±8.2%] and in January during the winter, 2012 (winter-SA; temp, −2.7±2.9oC; RH,65.0±13.1%) in Cheonan (126o52'N, 33.38'E), Republic of Korea. All experiments were carried out inan automated climatic chamber (temp, 25.0±0.5oC: RH, 60.0±3.0%). Fifteen healthy men (age, 23.4±2.5years; height, 175.0±5.9 cm; weight, 65.3±6.1 kg) participated in the study. Local sweat onset timewas delayed during winter-SA compared to that after summer-SA (p< 0.001). Local sweat volume,whole body sweat volume, and evaporative loss volume decreased significantly after winter-SAcompared to those after summer-SA (p<0.001). Changes in basal metabolic rate increased significantlyafter winter-SA (p< 0.001), and tympanic temperature and mean body temperature were significantlylower after summer-SA (p<0.05). In conclusion, central sudomotor acitivity becomes sensitive tosummer-SA and blunt to winter-SA in Rebubic of Korea. These results suggest that the body adjustsits temperature by economically controlling the sweating rate but does not lower the thermaldissipation rate through a more effective evaporation scheme after summer-SA than that afterwinter-SA.

3주간의 서열순화형성이 말초의 축색반사성에 미치는 영향

이정범 한국생활환경학회 2008 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.15 No.4

Efferent sweat fibers originate in the centrally sweat regulated by preoptic area and anterior hypothalamic, as well as peripherally, and descend through the ipsilateral brainstem and medulla to synapse with the intermediolateral cell column neurons. To determine the centrally and peripheral sudomotor mechanisms involved in thermal sweating during at the before and after exposure of 21 times (43oC water immersion of leg/30 min/1times/day), we evaluated the sweating responses to acetylcholine (ACh), a primary neurotransmitter involved in peripheral sudomotor sensitivity, in healthy male subjects (n=8). The quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test (QSART) measures sympathetic C fibre function when iontophoresed ACh evokes a measurable reliable sweat response. QSART, by 2 mA for 5 min with 10% ACh, was applied to determine the directly activated (DIR) and axon reflex-mediated (AXR) sweating response during ACh iontophoresis. The AXR sweat onset-time by the axon reflex was 1.53±0.42 min and 1.86±0.41 min at the before and after exposure, respectively (P<0.01). The sweat volume of AXR (1) by the axon reflex was 1.19±0.57 mg/cm2 and 0.71±0.23 mg/cm2 at the before and after exposure, respectively (P<0.001). The sweat volume of the AXR (2) sweat volume by the axon reflex was 1.95±0.46 mg/cm2 and 1.25±0.27 mg/cm2 at the before and after exposure, respectively (P<0.001). The sweat volume of DIR was 5.32±1.24 mg/cm2 and 4.08±1.19 mg/cm2 at the before and after exposure, respectively (P<0.01). These results indicate that the exposure to hot acclimatization resulted in a lower sweat output due to the combination of a lower sweat volume (AXR and DIR) and a delayed action of the onset time for the AXR. These findings suggest that lower peripheral sudomotor responses to ACh receptors are indicative of blunted sympathetic nerve responsiveness to ACh sensitivity with exposure to hot environmental conditions.

데이비드 라샤펠의 작품과 전시 형태에서 표현된 데페이즈망에 관한 연구

이정범 대한전시디자인학회 2022 전시디자인연구 Vol.19 No.1

전시장은 작품과 공간이 조화를 이루는 곳으로 작가와 대중이 작품과 공간이라는 매개를 통해 서로 소통하는 장소이다. 전시는 작가의 의도가 담긴 작품을 대중에게 전달하는 창구로서 정형화된 형태로 작품이 전시되며 작품이 내재하고 있는 작가의 의도를 대중에게 전달하는 역할을 한다. 그러나 최근의 전시 형태를 살펴보면 작가가 전달하고자 하는 의미를 작품에 한정하는 것이 아닌 전시 형태도 포함하여 의미를 전달 전달하는 것으로 보인다. 데이비드 라샤펠의 전시와 전시 형태를 분석하면 작가가 전달하고자 하는 의미를 작품에서 전시 공간까지 확장하여 더욱 자극적으로 대중에게 의미를 전달하고자 하는 것으로 판단된다. 데이비드 라샤펠의 작품은 현실의 기록과 비평이라는 주제를 사진이라는 매체에 키치와 데페이즈망과 같은 의미 전달 도구를 활용하여 작품과 전시 공간에 의미를 함께 부여한다. 본 연구에서는 데이비드 라샤펠의 작품과 전시 공간에 표현된 데페이즈망 기법을 분석하고자 하였다. The gallery space is a place where work and space harmonize; it is a place where artist and the public communicate each other through the medium of work. The exhibition serves as a window to connect the two together. Usually, the work gets displayed in a standardized form to convey the artist's intentions to the public. However, looking at nowadays exhibition arrangement, it seems that the meaning the artist wants to convey is not only limited through the work, but also through the exhibition form and space. Analyzing David LaChapelle's exhibition format, it is judged that the artist tries to convey his idea to the public in a more stimulating way by extending the meaning from the work to the exhibition space. David LaChapelle's adds Kitsch and Depaysement technique in his photography while targeting the theme in ‘Record/Criticism of reality’. This becomes more observable in a specifically planned exhibition space. The aim of this thesis is to examine the Depaysement technique that were both conveyed in David LaChapelle's work and in the exhibition space.

홍련봉 2보루 협축성벽의 축조양상

이정범 한국성곽학회 2023 한국성곽학보 Vol.28 No.-

Tier 3 방법을 이용한 회전교차로 도입에 따른 CO2 감축효과

이정범,이승훈 한국ITS학회 2011 한국ITS학회논문지 Vol.10 No.5

교차로에서의 잘못된 신호운영은 신호위반이나 교통지체를 유발하며, 이러한 혼잡에 의한 지체는 대기에 CO2를 증가시키는 원인이 된다. 회전교차로는 이러한 불필요한 지체를 최대한 줄일 수 있는 운영방법중 하나로 본 연구에서는 교차로 운영방법을 신호교차로에서 회전교차로로 전환하였을때 CO2양의 변화를 측정하였다. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)는 차량으로 부터의 온실가스 측정을 위해서는 Tier 1 방법을 쓰도록 권유하고 있다. 그러나 이는 차량별 평균주행거리의 데이터를 구하기 힘들기 때문으로 국내에서는 AVI 카메라 등을 이용하여 이러한 데이터를 구할 수 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 차량별 평균주행거리의 데이터를 고려한 Tier 3 방법을 이용하였다. 먼저, 본 연구에서는 두개의 신호교차로를 선택하여 현재의 운영상태와 회전교차로로 변환하였을 때의 지체를 VISSIM을 이용하여 결과값을 분석하였다. 분석결과 복수네거리는 28.6초에서 4.4초로, 한국생명공학연구원앞 삼거리는 156.4초에서 23.6초로 지체가 크게 줄어드는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 CO2의 경우 두개의 교차로에서 총 646.5 톤/년의 양이 줄어드는 것으로 나타났다. 향후에는 한개의 교차로가 아닌 네트웍에서의 테스트와 다양한 교차로에서의 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다. Delay reduction of vehicles at the intersection is highly dependent on the signal operation method. Improper traffic operation causes the violation of the traffic regulations and increasing traffic congestion. Delay because of congestion has contributed to the increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The focus of this paper is to measure the amount of carbon dioxide when the intersection is changed to roundabout. Even though, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) recommends Tier 1 method to measure the amount of greenhouse gas from vehicles, this paper used Tier 3 method because we could use the data of average running distance per each vehicle model. Two signalized intersections were selected as the study area and the delay reductions of roundabout operation were estimated by VISSIM microscopic simulation tool. The control delay for boksu intersection reduced from 28.6 seconds to 4.4 seconds and the KRIBB intersection sharply reduced from 156.4 seconds to 23.6 seconds. In addition, carbon dioxide for two intersections reduced to 646.5 ton/year if the intersection is changed to roundabout. Future research tasks include testing the experiment for networks, as well as for various intersection types.

피로 환자의 신경증적 증상

이정범 대한가정의학회 1997 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.18 No.10

Effect of the Heat-exposure on Peripheral Sudomotor Activity Including the Density of Active Sweat Glands and Single Sweat Gland Output

이정범,김태욱,신영오,민영기,양훈모 대한약리학회 2010 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.14 No.5

Tropical inhabitants are able to tolerate heat through permanent residence in hot and often humid tropical climates. The goal of this study was to clarify the peripheral mechanisms involved in thermal sweating pre and post exposure (heat-acclimatization over 10 days) by studying the sweating responses to acetylcholine (ACh), a primary neurotransmitter of sudomotor activity, in healthy subjects (n=12). Ten percent ACh was administered on the inner forearm skin for iontophoresis. Quantitative sudomotor axon reflex testing, after iontophoresis (2 mA for 5 min) with ACH, was performed to determine directly activated (DIR) and axon reflex-mediated (AXR) sweating during ACh iontophoresis. The sweat rate,activated sweat gland density, sweat gland output per single gland activated, as well as oral and skin temperature changes were measured. The post exposure activity had a short onset time (p< 0.01),higher active sweat rate [(AXR (p< 0.001) and DIR (p<0.001)], higher sweat output per gland (p <0.001) and higher transepidermal water loss (p<0.001) compared to the pre-exposure measurements. The activated sweat rate in the sudomotor activity increased the output for post-exposure compared to the pre-exposure measurements. The results suggested that post-exposure activity showed a higher active sweat gland output due to the combination of a higher AXR (DIR) sweat rate and a shorter onset time. Therefore, higher sudomotor responses to ACh receptors indicate accelerated sympathetic nerve responsiveness to ACh sensitivity by exposure to environmental conditions.