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High-speed X-ray Imaging of Pressurized Metered-dose Inhaler Sprays with Variable Ethanol Content
( N. Mason-smith ),( D. J. Duke ),( A. L. Kastengren ),( D. Edgington-mitchell ),( D. R. Honnery ) 한국액체미립화학회 2017 한국액체미립화학회 학술강연회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.-
Pressurised metered-dose inhalers discharge a fixed volume of a drug-containing hydrofluoroalkane propellant, resulting in a transient multiphase flow that is atomised and transported into the users’ respiratory system. Cosolvents such as ethanol are added to the propellant in solution pMDIs to aid with drug solubility. We investigate the internal and near-nozzle flows of metered flashing sprays from pressurised metered-dose inhalers. Seven formulations were studied, comprising R134a or R227ea propellant with varying concentrations of ethanol cosolvent. High speed x-ray phase contrast imaging was performed at the 7-ID beamline of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. The images obtained reveal the internal flow structures, providing visualisations of the multiphase flows formed inside the metering and expansion chambers and nozzle. At start of injection, vapour forms immediately--large bubbles appear in the metering chamber, and are transported through the valve orifice. For propellant-only cases, the expansion chamber flow contains a wall-bounded liquid annulus with a vaporous core. At moderate ethanol concentrations, its inclusion alters the internal flow structure. The presence of ethanol raises the mixture surface tension, which can inhibit bubble coalescence, and introduces surface tension gradients and resulting Marangoni stresses. At low concentrations, ethanol’s inclusion has little apparent effect. Propellant-only flows display occasional discharge of large liquid masses that are expected to be poorly atomized. The potential for addition of nonvolatiles to flashing and effervescent sprays as a means of controlling atomisation quality is discussed.
THE <i>COSMIC INFRARED BACKGROUND EXPERIMENT</i> ( <i>CIBER</i> ): THE WIDE-FIELD IMAGERS
Bock, J.,Sullivan, I.,Arai, T.,Battle, J.,Cooray, A.,Hristov, V.,Keating, B.,Kim, M. G.,Lam, A. C.,Lee, D. H.,Levenson, L. R.,Mason, P.,Matsumoto, T.,Matsuura, S.,Mitchell-Wynne, K.,Nam, U. W.,Renbarg IOP Publishing 2013 The Astrophysical journal, Supplement series Vol.207 No.2
OBSERVATIONS OF THE NEAR-INFRARED SPECTRUM OF THE ZODIACAL LIGHT WITH CIBER
Tsumura, K.,Battle, J.,Bock, J.,Cooray, A.,Hristov, V.,Keating, B.,Lee, D. H.,Levenson, L. R.,Mason, P.,Matsumoto, T.,Matsuura, S.,Nam, U. W.,Renbarger, T.,Sullivan, I.,Suzuki, K.,Wada, T.,Zemcov, M. IOP Publishing 2010 The Astrophysical journal Vol.719 No.1
THE <i>COSMIC INFRARED BACKGROUND EXPERIMENT</i> ( <i>CIBER</i> ): THE LOW RESOLUTION SPECTROMETER
Tsumura, K.,Arai, T.,Battle, J.,Bock, J.,Brown, S.,Cooray, A.,Hristov, V.,Keating, B.,Kim, M. G.,Lee, D. H.,Levenson, L. R.,Lykke, K.,Mason, P.,Matsumoto, T.,Matsuura, S.,Murata, K.,Nam, U. W.,Renbarg IOP Publishing 2013 The Astrophysical journal Supplement series Vol.207 No.2
Analysis of Dark Data of the PICNIC IR Arrays in the CIBER
이대희,김민규,M. Zemcov,남욱원,J. Bock,J. Battle,V. Hristov,T. Renbarger,T. Matsumoto,I. Sullivan,L. R. Levenson,P. Mason,김건희,K. Tsumura,S. Matsuura 한국우주과학회 2010 Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Vol.27 No.4
We have measured and analyzed the dark data of two PICNIC IR arrays (P574 and P560) obtained through the Cosmic Infrared Background ExpeRiment (CIBER). First, we identified three types of bad pixels: the cold, the hot, and the transient, which are figured in total as 0.06% for P574 and 0.19% for P560. Then, after the bad pixels were masked, we determined the dark noise to be 20.5 ± 0.05 e- and 16.1 ± 0.05 e-, and the dark current to be 0.6 ± 0.05 e-/sec and 0.7 ± 0.05 e-/sec for P574 and P560, respectively. Finally, we discussed glitches and readout modes for a future mission.
THE <i>COSMIC INFRARED BACKGROUND EXPERIMENT</i> ( <i>CIBER</i> ): THE NARROW-BAND SPECTROMETER
Korngut, P. M.,Renbarger, T.,Arai, T.,Battle, J.,Bock, J.,Brown, S. W.,Cooray, A.,Hristov, V.,Keating, B.,Kim, M. G.,Lanz, A.,Lee, D. H.,Levenson, L. R.,Lykke, K. R.,Mason, P.,Matsumoto, T.,Matsuura, IOP Publishing 2013 The Astrophysical journal, Supplement series Vol.207 No.2
Observation of the Cosmic Near-Infrared Background with the CIBER rocket
MinGyu Kim,T. Matsumoto,Hyung Mok Lee,T. Arai,J. Battle,J. Bock,S. Brown,A. Cooray,V. Hristov,B. Keating,P. Korngut,Dae-Hee Lee,L. R. Levenson,K. Lykke,P. Mason,S. Matsuura,U. W. Nam,T. Renbarger,A. S 한국천문학회 2012 天文學會報 Vol.37 No.1
Complex analysis and the Funk transform
T. N. Bailey,M. G. Eastwood,A. R. Gover,L. J. Mason 대한수학회 2003 대한수학회지 Vol.40 No.4
The Funk transform is defined by integrating a function on thetwo-sphere over its great circles. We use complex analysis toinvert this transform.
COMPLEX ANALYSIS AND THE FUNK TRANSFORM
Bailey, T.N.,Eastwood, M.G.,Gover, A.R.,Mason, L.J. Korean Mathematical Society 2003 대한수학회지 Vol.40 No.4
The Funk transform is defined by integrating a function on the two-sphere over its great circles. We use complex analysis to invert this transform.