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Viranthi Cooray,D A C Suranga Silva 한국문화관광학회 2015 문화관광연구 Vol.17 No.1
The Government of Sri Lanka has identified tourism as a foremost income generator for the Sri Lankan economy. If the trends of growth are to continue in order to support the economy, the industry must have sustained well-trained human resources. This paper identifies and explores the challenges and emerging issues as well as the scope in educating and training the youth starting at secondary school and vocational education levels as a tourism and hospitality workforce. Human Resource is a key decisive factor in the service industry and the challenges of a strong supply chain in preparing employees has been a challenge especially in the Asian region. The results of this study will share preparatory measures that can be adopted by educators in order help overcome the dearth of employees who possess an academic background and produce practitioners who can contribute with foresight towards the growth and sustainability of the industry. Most employers are now looking for a workforce that can create a balance between academic knowledge and work experience to acquire a competitive advantage. Thus, this paper will discuss how various theories can impact the quality of Travel, Tourism and Hospitality of a destination when inculcated among youth who are not particularly inclined towards academic excellence but do extremely well in the vocational field. This study uses both secondary and primary data sources. A survey has been conducted to collect the primary data. This survey includes the interviews with key informants who are industry experts and professionals, policy makers, academics and researchers and youth who aspire to be employed in the industry. In addition, to analyze the current issues and future challenges for tourism manpower development, tourism educational program directors as well as the views of the authors as an active player in the education fields since the mid-1980s have been included. The main challenges found by this study are: ㆍ Lack of well trained and knowledgeable trainers and educators especially in the secondary schools, Technical and Vocational Education and Training ㆍ The low prestige and status of tourism and hospitality jobs and education Lack of proper education system and ad-hoc policy changes by changing governments ㆍ Poor competitiveness of the industry and less encouragement of improving HR services ㆍ Lack of quality control and standardisation ㆍ Mismatch between curricular and skills required in the labour market ㆍ Apprehension in investing education for vocational purposes ㆍ Gender imbalance in enrolment and poor participation of women ㆍ Poor operation of the government owned hotel schools and related institutes. Among the key suitable strategies to address above challenges, development of Private, Public and People Partnership (PPPP) programmes for human resource development in Sri Lanka, and introduction of Tourism and Hospitality as a subject to the secondary school curriculum have been proposed from this study.
( Yi Viranthi Cooray ),( D A C Suranga Silva ) 한국문화관광학회 2015 문화관광연구 Vol.17 No.1
The Government of Sri Lanka has identified tourism as a foremost income generator for the Sri Lankan economy. If the trends of growth are continue in order to support the economy, the industry must have sustained well-trained human resources. This paper identifies and explores the challenges and emerging issues as well as the scope in educating and training the youth starting at secondary school and vocational education levels as a tourism and hospitality workforce. Human Resource is a key decisive factor in the service industry and the challenges of a strong supply chain in preparing employees has been a challenge especially in the Asian region. The results of this study will share preparatory measures that can be adopted by educators in order help overcome the dearth of employees who possess an academic background and produce practitioners who can contribute with foresight towards the growth and sustainability the industry. Most employers are now looking for a workforce that can create a balance between academic knowledge and work experience to acquire a competitive advantage. Thus, this paper will discuss how various theories can impact the quality of Travel, Tourism and Hospitality of a destination when inculcated among youth who are not particularly inclined towards academic excellence but do extremely well in the vocational field. This study uses both secondary and primary data sources. A survey has been conducted to collect the primary data. This survey includes the interviews with key informants who are industry experts and professionals, policy makers, academics and researchers and youth who aspire to be employed in the industry. In addition, to analyze the current issues and future challenges for tourism manpower development, tourism educational program directors as well as the views of the authors as an active player in the education fields since the mid-1980s have been included. The main challenges found by this study are: ? Lack of well trained and knowledgeable trainers and educators especially in the secondary schools, Technical and Vocational Education and Training ? The low prestige and status of tourism and hospitality jobs and education ? Lack of proper education system and ad-hoc policy changes by changing governments ? Poor competitiveness of the industry and less encouragement of improving HR services ? Lack of quality control and Standardization ? Mismatch between curricular and skills required in the labour market ? Apprehension in investing education for vocational purposes ? Gender imbalance in enrolment and poor participation of women ? Poor operation of the government owned hotel schools and related institutes. Among the key suitable strategies to address above challenges, development of Private, Public and People Partnership (PPPP) programmes for human resource development in Sri Lanka, and introduction of Tourism and Hospitality as a subject to the secondary school curriculum have been proposed from this study.
Marius Matusevicius,Charith Cooray,Viiu-Marika Rand,Ana Paiva Nunes,Tiago Moreira,Rossana Tassi,Jose Antonio Egido,Jyrki Ollikainen,Guido Bigliardi,Staffan Holmin,Niaz Ahmed 대한뇌졸중학회 2021 Journal of stroke Vol.23 No.3
Background and Purpose The influence of stroke etiology on outcomes after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is not well understood. We aimed to investigate whether stroke etiology subgrouped as large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) and cardiac embolism (CE) influences outcomes in large artery occlusion (LAO) treated by EVT. Methods We included EVT treated LAO stroke patients registered in the Safe Implementation of Treatment in Stroke (SITS) thrombectomy register between January 1, 2014 and September 3, 2019. Primary outcome was successful reperfusion (modified Treatment in Cerebral Infarction 2b- 3). Secondary outcomes were symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH), 3-month functional independence (modified Ranking Scale 0–2) and death. Multivariable logistic regression models were used for comparisons. In addition, a meta-analysis of aggregate data from the current literature was conducted (PROSPERO, ID 167447). Results Of 7,543 patients, 1,903 (25.2%) had LAA, 3,214 (42.6%) CE, and 2,426 (32.2%) unknown, other, or multiple etiologies. LAA patients were younger (66 vs. 74, P<0.001) and had lower National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at baseline (15 vs. 16, P<0.001) than CE patients. Multivariable analyses showed that LAA patients had lower odds of successful reperfusion (odds ratio [OR], 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57 to 0.86) and functional independence (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.63 to 0.85), higher risk of death (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.21 to 1.71), but no difference in SICH (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.71 to 1.66) compared to CE patients. The systematic review found 25 studies matching the criteria. The meta-analysis did not find any difference between etiologies. Conclusions From the SITS thrombectomy register, we observed a lower chance of reperfusion and worse outcomes after thrombectomy in patients with LAA compared to CE etiology, despite more favorable baseline characteristics. In contrast, the meta-analysis did not find any difference between etiologies with aggregate data.
<i>Spitzer</i> Observations of the North Ecliptic Pole
Nayyeri, H.,Ghotbi, N.,Cooray, A.,Bock, J.,Clements, D. L.,Im, M.,Kim, M. G.,Korngut, P.,Lanz, A.,Lee, H. M.,Lee, D. H.,Malkan, M.,Matsuhara, H.,Matsumoto, T.,Matsuura, S.,Nam, U. W.,Pearson, C.,Serje American Astronomical Society 2018 The Astrophysical journal Supplement series Vol.234 No.2
<P>We present a photometric catalog for Spitzer Space Telescope warm mission observations of the North Ecliptic Pole (NEP; centered at R.A. = 18(h)00(m)00(s), decl. = 66(d)33(m)38(s).552). The observations are conducted with IRAC in the 3.6 and 4.5 mu m bands over an area of 7.04 deg(2), reaching 1 sigma depths of 1.29 mu Jy and 0.79 mu Jy in the 3.6 mu m and 4.5 mu m bands, respectively. The photometric catalog contains 380,858 sources with 3.6 and 4.5 mu m band photometry over the full-depth NEP mosaic. Point-source completeness simulations show that the catalog is 80% complete down to 19.7 AB. The accompanying catalog can be used for constraining the physical properties of extragalactic objects, studying the AGN population, measuring the infrared colors of stellar objects, and studying the extragalactic infrared background light.</P>
OBSERVATIONS OF THE NEAR-INFRARED SPECTRUM OF THE ZODIACAL LIGHT WITH CIBER
Tsumura, K.,Battle, J.,Bock, J.,Cooray, A.,Hristov, V.,Keating, B.,Lee, D. H.,Levenson, L. R.,Mason, P.,Matsumoto, T.,Matsuura, S.,Nam, U. W.,Renbarger, T.,Sullivan, I.,Suzuki, K.,Wada, T.,Zemcov, M. IOP Publishing 2010 The Astrophysical journal Vol.719 No.1
Matsuura, Shuji,Arai, Toshiaki,Bock, James J.,Cooray, Asantha,Korngut, Phillip M.,Kim, Min Gyu,Lee, Hyung Mok,Lee, Dae Hee,Levenson, Louis R.,Matsumoto, Toshio,Onishi, Yosuke,Shirahata, Mai,Tsumura, K American Astronomical Society 2017 The Astrophysical journal Vol.839 No.1
<P>The extragalactic background light (EBL) captures the total integrated emission from stars and galaxies throughout the cosmic history. The amplitude of the near-infrared EBL from space absolute photometry observations has been controversial and depends strongly on the modeling and subtraction of the zodiacal light (ZL) foreground. We report the first measurement of the diffuse background spectrum at 0.8-1.7 mu m from the CIBER experiment. The observations were obtained with an absolute spectrometer over two flights in multiple sky fields to enable the subtraction of ZL, stars, terrestrial emission, and diffuse Galactic light. After subtracting foregrounds and accounting for systematic errors, we find the nominal EBL brightness, assuming the Kelsall ZL model, is 42.7(-10.6) (+11.9) nW m(-2) sr(-1) at 1.4 mu m. We also analyzed the data using the Wright ZL model, which results in a worse statistical fit to the data and an unphysical EBL, falling below the known background light from galaxies at. lambda<. 1.3 mu m. Using a model-independent analysis based on the minimum EBL brightness, we find an EBL brightness of 28.7(-3.3)(+5.1) nWm(-2) s(r-1) at 1.4 mu m. While the derived EBL amplitude strongly depends on the ZL model, we find that we cannot fit the spectral data to ZL, Galactic emission, and EBL from solely integrated galactic light from galaxy counts. The results require a new diffuse component, such as an additional foreground or an excess EBL with a redder spectrum than that of ZL.</P>
THE <i>COSMIC INFRARED BACKGROUND EXPERIMENT</i> ( <i>CIBER</i> ): THE LOW RESOLUTION SPECTROMETER
Tsumura, K.,Arai, T.,Battle, J.,Bock, J.,Brown, S.,Cooray, A.,Hristov, V.,Keating, B.,Kim, M. G.,Lee, D. H.,Levenson, L. R.,Lykke, K.,Mason, P.,Matsumoto, T.,Matsuura, S.,Murata, K.,Nam, U. W.,Renbarg IOP Publishing 2013 The Astrophysical journal Supplement series Vol.207 No.2
Kim, Min Gyu,Lee, Hyung Mok,Arai, Toshiaki,Bock, James,Cooray, Asantha,Jeong, Woong-Seob,Kim, Seong Jin,Korngut, Phillip,Lanz, Alicia,Lee, Dae Hee,Lee, Myung Gyoon,Matsumoto, Toshio,Matsuura, Shuji,Na American Astronomical Society 2017 The Astronomical journal Vol.153 No.2
<P>We present near-infrared (0.8-1.8 mu m) spectra of 105 bright (m(J) < 10) stars observed with the low-resolution spectrometer on the rocket-borne Cosmic Infrared Background Experiment. As our observations are performed above the Earth ' s atmosphere, our spectra are free from telluric contamination, which makes them a unique resource for near-infrared spectral calibration. Two-Micron All-Sky Survey photometry information is used to identify crossmatched stars after reduction and extraction of the spectra. We identify the spectral types of the observed stars by comparing them with spectral templates from the Infrared Telescope Facility library. All the observed spectra are consistent with late F to M stellar spectral types, and we identify various infrared absorption lines.</P>