중년여성의 약물사용 실태 조사

이영선,김은경,김경숙,강경인,김희선,신성희,김은숙,최지선,신혜숙,황선기 여성건강간호학회 2001 여성건강간호학회지 Vol.7 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate the drug use of middle aged women. The subject consisted of 330 middle aged women who ranged in age from 40 to 60 years. They were selected in Seoul, Kyung-Ki province, Korea. Data were collected by using questionnaires, from April, 10th to 30th 2001 and analyzed by the SPSS PC+ program using qui-square. The results are summarized as follows ; 1. The proportion of drinking and smoking experience was 42.4%, 3.7%. The motivation of drug use was advised family and relatives(46.1%), doctor's order(39.4%), magazine and advertisement(14.5%). Most of middle aged women get the information on knowledge of drug from hospital(47.3%), magazines and advertisement(30.3%), advised family and relatives(22.4%). And 57.9% of the middle aged women didn't know side effect of the using drug and 13.9% of the middle aged women have had experienced with side effect. And the level of attitude on drug abuse in middle aged women was 43%. Most of the subjects(93.9%) didn't use alternative drugs, and they used more than 3 kinds of drugs(47%). 2. They used digestives(44.2%), applying ointments(41.8%), drinks(39.4%), analgesics(39.1%), laxatives(8.8%), anti hypertension drugs (8.8%), and anti-anemic drugs(8.8%) in their orders.

1928~29년 스톡홀름에 대한 평가 - 협력관계의 중요성을 중심으로

최경석 남서울대학교 2012 남서울대학교 논문집 Vol.18 No.1

In meiner Arbeit ist die erste offizielle Zeitschrift der ökumenischen Bewegung unter dem Titel “Stockholm” im Horizont der sozialen Frage zu thematisieren. Die Relevanz und die Bedeutung der Zeitschrift “Stockholm” in der Phase 1928-29 lassen sich deutlich beschreiben. Weil die soziale Frage auf der Stockholmer Konferenz eine wichtige Rolle spielte, wurden Artikel über verschiedene soziale Themen von einer Fülle von vielen unterschiedlichen Autoren in “Stockholm” abgedruckt. Obgleich die Beiträge von “Stockholm” in der ökumenischen Literatur nur geringen Anklang gefunden haben, kommt dieser Zeitschrift heute eine besondere Bedeutung zu, da man darin eine Vielzahl wirtschaftlich relevanter Dokumente finden kann. Erstaunlich ist es, dass von den etwa zweihundert Aufsätzen gut die Hälfte wirtschaftliche Probleme behandelten. Außerdem wurde dreisprachig dargestellt, Deutsch, Englisch und Französisch, und in den jeweils anderen Sprachen zusammengefasst. So machte man vor Landesgrenzen nicht Halt, sondern erreichte die gesamte Zivilisation. Vor diesem Hintergrund soll hier die Richtung der Zeitschrift “Stockholm” in der Phase 1928-29 beschrieben werden, indem die drei Geleitworte von dem Lord Bishop of Winchester, N. Söderblom und D. Ihmels miteinander verglichen werden. Ferner ist hier auch der sozialethische Anstz im Blick auf die Möglichkeit einer Kooperation–einer interdisziplinären in der Wissenschaft, oder von Organisationen oder Ideologien–darzustellen. In diesem Sinn wird auch die Relation zwischen Ethik und Ökonomie im Beitrag des schwedischen Ökonomen E. Heckscher untersucht. Im Blick auf den Zusammenhang zwischen der Stockholmer Bewegung und der Jerusalemer Konferenz ist die Bemühung um eine Lösungsstrategie zur sozialen Frage zu beachten. Als ein sozialethischer Ansatz zur Diskussionsethik lässt sich hier ein Beitrag von C. Schweitzer untersuchen. Schlagworte: “Stockholm”, soziale Frage, interdisziplinäre Diskussionen, ökumenische Bewegung, Kooperation

사전지시(Advance Directives) 제도의 윤리적․사회적 함의

최경석 홍익대학교 2009 홍익법학 Vol.10 No.1

사전지시 제도는 생전유언 제도나 대리인지정 제도를 의미한다. 생전유언 제도는 해석의 문제나 내용적 추상성으로 인한 문제를 지니고 있다. 반면 대리인지정 제도는 대리인을 지정한 사람의 의사가 100% 반영되어 결정된다는 보장이 없고, 대리인 지정의 유효기간에 대한 논란이 있다. 사전지시 제도는 정체성에 대한 근본적인 철학적, 윤리적 문제를 야기한다. 그러나 "심리적 연속성"을 정체성으로 이해하는 유일한 이론이 아니다. 데이비스에 따르면, 환자가 미리 그 상황을 예측하고 밝힌 예전의 선호가 실현되어야 할 이유가 여전히 존재한다면, 예전의 선호가 최상의 선호라는 결론에 도달하게 된다. 즉 사전지시를 형성할 때의 자율성도 일반적인 자율성과 마찬가지로 존중되어야 한다. 사전지시 제도가 도입될 필요가 있다. 하지만 이 제도의 도입은 몇가지 검토해야 할 문제를 동반한다. 대리인지정 제도의 경우, 가족구성원이 의료적 결정에 있어 중심 역할을 수행해 왔던 한국의 문화적 특수성을 고려해야 한다. 또한 치료거부의 내용을 담고 있는 사전지시 제도는 치료거부권에 대한 명확한 법률적 장치가 사전지시 제도 시행 이전에 마련될 필요가 있다. 그러나 무엇보다도 중요한 것은 의료서비스에 대한 접근가능성이다. 치료거부권을 담고 있느 사전지시는 치료를 거부할 권리만큼이나 치료받을 권리 역시 보장 될 때 오용과 남용을 막을 수 있다. Living will or durable power of attorney are called by "advance directives." Living will has serious problems in the interpretation and abstractness of its content. Durable power of attorney cannot fully guarantee the reflection of a patient's will. Thus, the introduction of advance directives into the Korean society is a societal decision that our society will accept them and respect a patient's will in them despite the above problems. Advance directives invokes a fundamental philosophical and ethical question of an identity problem. Buchanan argues that a living will need not be respected in the case of an identity change such as that of a dementia patient because an identity is a psychological continuity. But this is not the only plausible view. Davis introduces the notions of "earlier preference," "latest preference," and "highest-order preference" and argues that earlier autonomy also should be respected. I argue that advance directives should be introduced after the following consideration is reviewed. First, we have to take into account an aspect of Korean culture that family members have played a key role in medical decision making. Second, a regulation on a right to refuse a treatment should be built up. We have to decide if a feeding tube is a medical treatment that can be withdrawn. Third, there must be better accessibility to health care service than now. We can prevent the abuse and misuse of advance directives when we can respect right to receive treatments as much as right to refuse treatments.

타이타늄의 주조성

최기열,장경수,윤숙진 대한치과기재학회 1999 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.26 No.2

In order to investigate the castability of titanium, Kennedy Class 1, division 2 removable partial denture frameworks were designed. According to the manufacturer's instruction, 10 casting bodies each were obtained with pure titanium and cobalt-chrome alloy. The results were as follows ; 1. Castability of titanium was comparable with that or cobalt-chrome alloy in terms of fitness and surface detail reproducibility. 2. There was no radiographically detectable porosity in each casting body of titanium and cobalt-chrome alloy. 3. The number of internal porosities and narrow, long defect were almost same between titanium and cobalt-chrome alloy. 4. Vickers hardness number of cobalt chrome alloy was 439.4±16.1 and that of titanium was 200.1±23.3. 5. Biocompatibility and low density of castable titanium would provide denture rearers with multiple benefits.

두부방사선 분석에 의한 상악전치부 후방이동시 연조직 변화 예측에 대한 연구

최진희,이진우,차경석 대한치과교정학회 1997 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.27 No.1

본 연구는 성장에 의한 효과를 배제한 교정치료시의 연조직 변화와 치아 및 악골의 수평적, 수직적 움직임과의 상관 관계를 알아보고 예측 가능성을 검토하기 위해 Angle씨 2급 부정교합 환자 41명을 대상으로 치아 및 악골, 연조직의 수평, 수직이동의 평균 변화량을 측정하고 연조직에 대한 계단식 다중 회귀분석을 시행하였으며 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 경조직 계측항목 중 상악 중절치의 수평이동 및 기울기, 하악 중절치의 수평 및 수직이동, 수평피개량, 수직피개량, interincisal angle, 하악골 위치 변화 A, B, 경조직 측모 돌출각 등의 항목에서, 연조직 계측항목 중 상순의 두께 및 후방이동, 기울기, 하순의 후방이동 및 기울기, interlabial angle, 비순각, 이순각, Sn, Ss, Si, 연조직 측모 돌출각 등의 항목에서 치료 전과 후에 유의성 있게 변하였다(P<0.05). 2. 치료 전 후 유의한 변화를 보인 연조직 계측항목을 분석한 결과 모든 항목에서 경조직의 변화에 대해 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다(P<0.05). 3. 연조직 회귀방정식에 중절치 수평피개량, 상악 전치 절단연의 후방이동량, 상악 전치 치근의 후방이동량, Pg의 수평변화량이 가장 높은 빈도로 포함됨으로써 이들은 연조직의 수직 및 수평변화에 영향을 많이 미치는 요소로 나타났으며 하악 전치의 수직이동량은 포함되지 않음으로써 연조직 변화와 관련성이 적은 것으로 나타났다. 4. Sn의 수직 및 수평변화는 경조직의 가장 많은 항목과 연관됨으로써 (A, B, Pg(H), overjet, upper incisor angle, Ur, Is(H)) 여러 경조직 변화의 복합적인 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 5. 연조직 계측항목에 대한 상관계수(R2)의 범위는 0.2-0.6으로 중등도의 상관정도를 나타내었다. This study was carried out in order to determine soft tissue response to incisor movement and mandibular repositioning and to determine feasibility of predicting vertical and horizontal changes in soft tissue with hard tissue movement. For this study, cephalometric records of 41 orthodontically treated adult females who had Angle`s Class II division 1 malocclusion were selected and stepwise multiple regression analysis was employed. Following conclusions were obtained by analysing the changes of soft tissue and hard tissue before and after treatment. 1. Hard tissue measurements that showed significant changes before and after treatment were horizontal and angular changes of maxillary incisor, horizontal, vertical and angular changes of mandibular incisor, overjet, overbite, interincisal angle, mandibular repositioning, A, B, skeletal convexity and soft tissue measurements that showed significant changes were horizontal, thickness and angular changes of upper lip, horizontal and angular changes of lower lip, interlabial angle, nasolabial angle labiomental angle, Sn, Ss, Si and soft tissue convexity(P<0.05). 2. All Soft tissue measurements changed significantly before and after treatment had between one and four hard tissue independent variables at statistically significant level, indicating that all soft tissue changes were direct relationship with hard tissue changes. 3. Overjet, horizontal change of maxillary incisor, horizontal change of maxillary root apex and horizontal change of pogonion entered into prediction equations most frequentely, indicating that they were more significant variables in prediction of vertical and horizontal changes in the soft tissue with treatment, but vertical changes of mandibular incisor not entered any prediction equations, indicating that it was not considered a good predictor for soft tissue changes with maxillary incisor retraction. 4. Horizontal and vertical changes in subnasale were found to have most independent variables, significant at the 0.05 level in prediction equations(△Sn(H):Ur, Is(H), Pg(H), UIA, △Sn(V): Is(H), Pg(H), overjet, A), indicating that subnasale changes are influenced by complex hard tissue interaction. 5. Multiple correlation coefficient(R2) of the soft tissue prediction equations ranges from 0.2-0.6.

1930-31년『스톡홀름』에 대한 평가 - 실업문제의 해결을 위한 노력을 중심으로

최경석 남서울대학교 2013 남서울대학교 논문집 Vol.19 No.1

In meiner Arbeit geht es um die erste offizielle Zeitschrift der ökumenischen Bewegung unter dem Titel “Stockholm” im Blick auf eine Bemühung um die Lösung des Problems der Arbeitslosigkeit. Die Bedeutung der Zeitschrift “Stockholm” in der Phase 1930-31 lassen sich deutlich beschreiben. Das Problem der Arbeitslosigkeit war nach der Weltwirtschaftskrise in den ökumenischen Diskussionen so intensiv zu thematisieren, dass man sich sowohl auf der ersten internationalen sozialkirchlichen Expertenkonferenz 1930 in London als auch in der Zeitschrift “Stockholm” mit diesem Thema auseinandersetzte. Dementsprechend wurden auch die damaligen politischen Maßnahmen in der Wirtschaftswissenschaft in die Debatte eingebracht. So lassen sich hier zwei Perspektive beschreiben. Einerseits ist eine wissenschaftliche Methode für die Lösungsvorschläge zum Problem der Dauerarbeitslosigkeit von H. Schönfeld vorzustellen. Anderseits lässt sich im Rahmen der Inneren Mission ein seelsorgerlicher Blick auf die Unterstützung der erwerbslosen Jugendlichen von D. Friedrich Ulrich darstellen. Zunächst einmal soll hier der jeweilige Beitrag beschrieben werden, dann ist seine wirtschaftsethische Methode zu interpretieren. Schließlich sind die Relevanz und die Bedeutung der Zeitschrift “Stockholm” kurz darzustellen. Schlagworte: “Stockholm”, Hans Schönfeld, D. Friedrich Ulrich, Arbeitslosigkeit, ökumenische Bewegung.

호스피스 병동에 입원한 말기암환자의 통증관리

최숙경 가톨릭대학교 가톨릭대학교 간호대학 호스피스 교육연구소 1997 호스피스논집 Vol.2 No.-

We investigated the characteristics of pain, change of pain degree, change of morphine amount, side effects and other symptoms in 140 patients with terminal cancer who were admitted to the hospice ward of Kangnam St. Mary's hospital during the period between October 1994 and October 1995. The results were as follows : 1. The mean duration of hospital stay was 30.2 days with range between 1 and 165 days. 76.4% of patients expired in hospice, 15.7% were connected to home hospice care and 5.0% discharged to home immediately before the termination. 2. The most prevalent site of pain was abdomen, regardless of primary site, soft tissue invasion was the most prevalent cause of pain at admission and bone metastasis, carcinomatosis peritonei, hollow viscus invasion followed there after. In patients with fracture and bone metastasis the degree of pain was the highest. 3. At admission, the mean VAS (visual analogue scale) value was 47.7±6.2 and many patients had severe pain, while at the time of the best pain control mean VAS value decreased to 7.0±19.2. At the time of the last hospital interview, mean VAS was staged at 13.2±21 though the pain was increased due to disease aggravation and the occurance other symptoms uncontrolled. In 79 out of 94 patients who were available for pain measurement more than 80% of pain was disappeared 87(73.7%) out of 118 patients who answered too pain questionnaire no pain was achieved and the mean time between the start of treatment and the achievement of no pain was 7 days. 4. The side effects of morphine were sedation, constipation, nausea and vomiting in the decreasing order and there was neither a death associated with side effects nor an addiction to narcotics.

그람양성구균에 대한 Teicoplanin과 Vancomycin의 시험관내 항균력

최태열,김경숙,전용관,서일혜,김정욱,이웅수,안정열,김홍석,정재용,최효선,김덕언,유진우 대한감염학회 1994 감염 Vol.26 No.1

An increasing frequency of methicillin resistant S. aureus(MRSA), methicillin resistant coagulase negative staphylococci(MRCNS) and Enterococcal infection have been observed in recent years. Teicoplanin is a new glycopeptide antibiotic obstained from the Actinoplanes teicomycetius. The molecular structure and spectrum of antimicrobial activity of teicoplanin is simillar to those of vancomycin, and has been reported to have an excellent in vitro and in vivo effect against various gram-positive infections. Therefore, we evaluated the in vitor susceptibility of gram positive cocci, such as, S. aureus, coagulase negative Staphylococci(CNS), and Enterococci to teicoplanin and vancomycin. The total 253 strains consisted of MSSA(40), MRSA(53), MSCNS(47), MRCNS(48), and Enterococci(65). They were assayed by disc diffusion and agar dilution. During the study, 57% of S. aureus and 49% of CNS showed resistance to methicillin. The inhibitory diameter of teicoplanin was 15-20mm in MSSA, 12-19mm in MRSA, 13-24mm in MSCNS, 11-23mm in MRCNS, and 15-22mm in Enterococci respectively, and showed sensitivity in all but 8 strains(3.2%). The range of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of teicoplanin to MSSA, MRSA, MSCNS, MRCNS and Enterococci were 9.12-2.0㎍/ml, 0.25-2.0㎍/ml, & 0.25-32㎍/ml, 0.12-1.0㎍/ml respectively. One case of S. haemolyticus was resistant to teicoplanin (32㎍/ml) by the agar dilution method. Eight minor (3.2%) and one major(0.4%) error was observed when the MIC and disk diffusion data were correlated with teicoplanin. As for vancomycin the inhibitory diameter was 17-21mm in MSSA, 15-21mm in MRSA, 18-26mm in MSCNS, 18-25mm in MRCNS, and 16-22mm in Enterococci respectively. The range of the MIC of vancomycin to MSSA, MRSA, MSCNS, MRCNS, and Enterococci were 0.25-1.0㎍/ml, 0.25-4.0㎍/ml, 0.5-2.0㎍/ml and 0.5-2.0㎍/ml respectively. One minor error (0.4%) was seen with the vancomycin disk. The MIC90 of MSSA and MRSA exhibited the same results in teicoplanin (1.0㎍/ml, 1.0㎍/ml), and vancomycin(2.0㎍/ml, 2.0㎍/ml). MSCNS and MRCNS exhibited greater MIC90 with teicoplanin(4.0㎍/ml, 8.0㎍/ml) than vancomycin(2.0㎍/ml, 2.0㎍/ml). Incontrase Enterococci were more susceptible to teicoplanin(0.5㎍/ml) than to vancomucin (2.0㎍/ml). Results from this analysis indicated that both teicoplanin and vancomycin were very excellent for gram positive infections, especially those resistant to methicillin.

『皇城新聞』에 나타난 자강교육론

崔敬淑 동아대학교 박물관 2002 考古歷史學志 Vol.17-18 No.-

歷代 脈診의 變遷과 『東醫壽世保元』에 나타난 脈에 대한 考察

최지숙,김경요 한국전통의학연구소 2000 한국전통의학지 Vol.10 No.1

1. Purpose : The main purpose of this study is to examine the historical transition of the diagnosis of pulse and the pulse in the view point of Constitutional diseases. 2. Method : I collect and examine past literatures refered the diagnosis of pulse and the provisions of the pulse in the Dongyi-Suse-Bowon. 3. Results and Conclusion : ▶ Je-ma, Lee suggested that Taeumin's pulse is long and tensible and Soumin's is gentle and weak in the theory of differentiating syndromes of the Dongyi-Suse-Bowon on constitutionsl characters and regarded superficial, sunken, slow and rapid pulse as the principles of the diagnosis of pulse. ▶ According to the each constitutional diseases, the shapes of pulse are changed.