Oral Interaction in the English Classroom

Ko,Kyoung Seok 仁川敎育大學校 初等敎育硏究所 2004 교육논총 Vol.24 No.-

In dealing with teaching and learning methodology, there are two central questions. Firstly, what objectives should materials and methods aim at? Secondly, what materials and what classroom action will enable learners' skills to develop as intended? Oral skills can be taught and learnt. These involve thinking about objectives, and types of oral activities. Since most discussion has in the past been devoted to materials for developing accuracy skills, the discussion in this paper is concentrated mainly on interaction activities. The frameworks offered by some methodologists are overviewed to define the kinds of oral activities that have been developed and used in the classroom. Contrasting with some specialists' views on communication process, An adapted model is suggested for classroom interaction which can be implemented more effectively.

세무대리서비스 기업의 세무회계정보시스템 품질이 사용자 성과에 미치는 영향: 부트스트랩(bootstrap)을 이용한 매개효과 분석

오효경(Oh, Hyo-Kyoung),고대영(Ko, Dae-Young),박이숙(Park, Yi-Suk) 한국경영교육학회 2021 경영교육연구 Vol.36 No.6

[연구목적] 정보시스템 활용을 통해 사용자의 성과를 향상 시키기 위해서는 정보시스템이 사용자의 요구를 반영하고 업무효율성을 높일 수 있어야 한다. 이를 위해서는 정보시스템의 품질을 측정하고 평가하는 것을 통해 정보시스템의 품질을 높이고 사용자의 성과향상에 기여할 수 있도록 해야 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 세무대리서비스 기업이 이용하는 세무회계정보시스템의 품질을 평가하고 품질요인이 사용자의 만족과 업무성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 검증하고자 한다. [연구방법] 연구모형을 검증하기 위해 세무회계정보시스템을 사용하고 있는 실무자들을 대상으로 설문조사를 하였으며, 수집된 설문자료를 이용하여 PLS 구조방정식모형으로 분석하였다. [연구결과] 분석결과, 세무회계정보시스템의 품질 변수(시스템 품질, 정보품질, 서비스 품질)는 인식된 유용성과 사용자 만족도에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 세무회계정보시스템의 품질변수와 업무효율성간의 관계에서는 서비스 품질만이 업무효율성에 유의한 정(+)의 관계인 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 인식된 유용성은 사용자 만족도에 정(+)의 영향을 미치며, 인식된 유용성과 사용자 만족도 역시 업무 효율성에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 세무회계정보시스템의 품질변수와 업무효율성과의 관계에서는 인식된 유용성과 사용자 만족도의 매개효과가 존재하고 있음을 확인하였다. [연구의 시사점] 본 연구의 결과는 세무회계정보시스템 성과 평가에 대한 발전적이고 효율적인 활용을 위한 기본 자료와 이론적인 근거를 제공할 것으로 기대된다. [Purpose] This study evaluates the quality of the tax accounting information system of a tax agency service company and tries to verify how it affects the user’s performance. [Methodology] To verify the research model, a survey was conducted on the practitioners using the tax accounting information system, and the collected survey data were used to analyze the PLS structural equation model. [Findings] Quality variables (system quality, information quality, service quality) of the tax accounting information system were found to have a positive effect on perceived usefulness and user satisfaction. Among the quality variables of the tax accounting information system, service quality was found to have a significant positive relationship with work efficiency. Also, it was found that perceived usefulness had a positive effect on user satisfaction. Perceived usefulness and user satisfaction also had a positive effect on work efficiency. In addition, it was confirmed that there was a mediating effect of perceived usefulness and user satisfaction in the relationship between tax accounting information system quality and work efficiency. [Implications] The results of this study are expected to provide basic data and a theoretical basis for the developmental and efficient use of tax accounting information system performance evaluation.

초등영어교육에 있어서의 효율적인 발음지도

고경석 仁川敎育大學校 初等敎育硏究所 1998 교육논총 Vol.15 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to introduce both theoretical and practical aspects of English pronunciation teaching to learners and teachers of elementary school English. The acquisition of a good pronunciation in the target language is commonly held to be the most difficult tasks in language teaching. The major part of this study is devoted to techniques of teaching pronunciation - articulation, stress and intonation - at the level of elementary school English. We have had the experience when listening to a foreigner speaking our language of having great difficulty in understanding what he/she is trying to express. Pronunciation is probably the most neglected aspect of English teaching. Work on pronunciation is important for two main reasons: to help the students understand the spoken English to hear, and to help them make their own speech more comprehensible and meaningful to others. The various elements are considered in this paper: individual sounds, word stress, sounds in connected speech, rhythm and stress in utterances, and intonation. Pronunciation should be an integral part of an English teaching program from the early stages, just as the teaching of structures and vocabularies.

Carry Lookahead Adder의 면적 감소 방안에 관한 연구

고행석,장경선 충남대학교 산업기술연구소 2003 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.18 No.1

Though, Carry Lookahead Adder is widely used since it is fast, it takes large area. This paper presents a method to enhance the area-time product by replacing a part of lookahead carry propagations with ripple carry propagations. The proposed scheme reduces the area by 20% while it increases one or two levels of gate delays regardless of the number of bits. With experiments, we noticed that the proposed method is effective especially when it is implemented on a fine-grained FPGA with mux-based structure.

국어의 로마자 표기법과 실용성

고경석 인천교육대학교 초등교육연구소 2001 교육논총 Vol.18 No.-

2000년 개정된 국어 로마자 표기법은 한국에 입국하는 외국인을 배려하기보다는 한국 사람들의 컴퓨터 사용 등 기술적 요인과 한국인의 정서를 더 고려한 흔적이 엿보인다. 그런데 어깻점이나 반달표 등 기술적인 걸림돌을 제거한 점은 잘한 것 같으나, 외국인의 이용편의는 별로 고려하지 않은 것이 흠이다. 한국 사람들이 한국 내에서 영문 표지나 이름을 굳이 읽을 필요가 없는 것이고 외국인들이야말로 한국 내에서 관광, 또는 생활하는데 아주 요긴하게 쓸 수 있기 때문이다. 완벽한 표기법이란 있을 수 없지만 새 표기법 역시 개선해야할 점이 많다. 문제점이나 개선점을 체계적으로 살펴보고 대안을 탐구하고 실용성 측면을 제고시키고자 하는 것이 본 논문의 목적이다. 국어의 로마자 새 표기법이 실용화되기 위해서는 꾸준한 홍보가 있어야 한다. 기존 표기법이 혼란 되었던 가장 큰 이유요 홍보 부족을 들 수 있다. 새 표기법이 중?고교 교육과정에 충분히 반영되도록 해야 할 것이다. 그리고 지속적 홍보를 유지해야 한다. 개정의 당위성과 개정 내용을 담은 다양한 홍보 책자를 제작하여 내?외국인에게 충분히 배포할 필요가 있다. 공항, 관광지 등 외국인의 왕래가 잦은 곳을 대상으로 체계적이고 지속적인 홍보가 있어야 한다. 국가 간 공식 협조 요청을 통해서 외국의 주요 기관에 개정 내용을 적극 홍보에 나서야 한국 문화의 소개 등 실용성을 높일 수 있다. This paper examines the new Korean Romanization system. These basic principles for transcription in the previous Romanization system are explored. The three old principles are: First, Romanization is based on standard Korean pronunciation. Second, no symbols except Roman letters are used. Third, Romanization follows the principle of one letter (or set of letters) per phoneme. Among these three principles, the third one is not included in the new Romanization system. This means the new system may introduce a set of letters per phoneme whenever necessary. Long vowels are not marked in transcription as before. These vowel marks are frequently misused or misunderstood when read by foreigners. The most innovative change from the previous Romanization system is the removing or deleting of apostrophes and other diacritical marks in order to facilities speedy word processing. The new Romanization system includes some problems that require appropriate consideration. Some recommendations from specialists are presented in order to solve the problems associated with the new system.

일 지역 초등학생의 안전행위 조사

고명희,김경숙,이경숙,강혜영 韓國學校保健學會 2003 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.16 No.2

Instroduction The purpose of this study was to investigate safety education-related backgrounds and safety behaviors of elementary school children at a local area in Jeonbuk province. Methods Study subjects were 308 5th and 6th graders from 6 schools located in J City and the data were collected from June 16-27, 2003. Research instrument to test safety behaviors was 4-points summated scale(Cronbach α= .94) composed of 54-items with three sub-categories: school life safety (α= .88), traffic safety (α= .86), and daily life safety (α= .84), The data was analyzed by percentage, x2-test, t-test, ANOVA and Duncan test using SPSS/PC 10.0. Results 1. Safety Education-related Characteristics: Safety education was mostly conducted during extracurricular hour as picnic (37.9%) and regular class (37.2%); and the instructors of safety education were school nurse (33.2%), classroom teacher (30.9%), and parents (23.4%) in order. About two third (71.0%) of the subjects have had many kinds of school event program such as essay writing, poster drawing, oratorical contest in the course of safety education According to gender, girl students was more favorable about school events as a effective safety education measure (x2=9.188, p= .010); and according to school location, rural school taught more at morning & closing session (x2=7.383, p= .25), by school nurse or classroom teacher (x2=36.574, p= .001),and had more frequent (x2=63.337, p= .001) safety education class. 2. Practice of safety behaviors: Mean scores of safety behaviors was 106.9±24.92 out of 162 points. According gender, the scores of girl students (t=-3.296, p= .001) were significant higher than boy students. But there was not any significant difference according to school area. According to safety education-related characteristics, the scores of safety behaviors was significantly higher in the group who thought that school event program was more effective on safety education (F=4.024, p= .019), and who were more interested in current safety education class (F=10.203, p= .001) Conclusions From the above findings, the authors concluded that school-based safety education was mainly conducted at extra-curricular and regular class, and by school nurse or classroom teacher in elementary school. Even though the mean scores of safety behaviors of elementary school children was in medium level, those were significant higher in girl students and in rural school children. And extra-curricular activities and school event programs were suggested as more effective strategies for school-based safety education Based on the above findings, safety education class can be recommended in regular curricular basis; and various extracurricular activities and school event progra ms need to be developed for more effective school-based safety education. In addition, further study on gender-specific factors on safety behaviors and nationwide survey on school-based safety education should be needed.

영어 음운론의 어휘론적 고찰

고경석 仁川敎育大學校 1990 論文集 Vol.24 No.2

국민학교 영어교육이 중·고등학교 영어 학습에 미치는 영향 : Research for Effective teaching Methods of Primary School English 효율적인 국민학교 영어지도 방안

고경석 仁川敎育大學校 1994 論文集 Vol.28 No.1

The purpose of this study is to find out how English language teaching at primary school has an effect on English education at middle school and high school. One hundred and fifty-six middle school students and 83 high school students were surveyed who had learned English at primary school. It is shown that their achievement in the English language has been leveled up in a considerable degree, compared with those who did not learn English at primary school. Children from an early age need to be exposed to an understanding of foreign cultures so that they grow up tolerant and sympathetic to others. The brain at young age is more adaptable before puberty than after. Acquisition of languages is possible without self-consciousness at an early age. Children have fewer negative attitudes to foreign languages and cultures than adults, and consequently they are better motivated than adults. Children's language learning is more closely integrated with real communication because it depends more on the immediate physical environment than does adult language. Children devote vast quantities of time to language learning, compared with adults, and they are better because they do more of it. Teachers of primary school English need the confidence in their ability to teach and use the target language. It is necessary to train foreign language competence closely coordinated with teaching methodology for this level. Teachers also need competence in primary teaching methodology. The skills necessary for teaching at this level are very different from those needed elsewhere in the education system. The role of stroy, dance, role-play, puppet activity, model-making, etc. need to be emphasized. Experienced primary teachers will already be familiar with these procedures, but EFL teachers who wish to move from other levels to work with young children will have to reorientate their teaching expectations. For these reasons, the training of teachers for primary English is most effective and desirable in National University of Education that takes charge of producing and training primary school teachers.

Fontan Procedure이후 심장혈관계의 혈류역학적 특성에 관한 수치적 연구

고형종,김경훈,심은보 金烏工科大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.19 No.-

The aim of this study is to develop a computational model representative of the circulation in patients with a uni-ventricular heart sugically palliated by a total atrio-pulmonary connection. A model of the cardiovascular system is built using standard Iumped components such as resistance, voltage source, check valve and capacitor. We assume that there is only an atrium in the right heart part of the model after the Fontan procedure. In this study, baroreceptor reflex and cardiopulmonary reflex control model are implemented to explain the autoregulation of cardiovasculasr system. Another important aspect of the model is to utilize a beat-to-beat approach in sensing pressure deviations, in transferring these to autonomous nerve system, and in regulating the control variables such as heart rate, heart contractility, peripheral resistance, and venous tone. To verify the present code. we have computed the LBNP(Lower Body Negative Pressure)simulation and compared its results with the existing experimental data. The hemodynamic changes after the Fontan procedure are simulated and compared with the existion clinical data. After Fontan procedure, heart rate, CVP(Central venous pressure) and diastolic pressure increase whereas pulse pressure and systolic pressure go down. Increased CVP, induced by the removal of right ventricle, makes the heart rate go up via baroreceptor reflex control. The effects of known hazardous exposures after Fontan procedure are also investigated. We assume increased peripheral resistance to simulate the situation of exposure to cold. In this case increased arterial pressure induces the decrease of heart rate. which results in decrease of cardiac output. On the other hand, exposure to heat increases heart rate and cardiac output. Hemorrhage in cardiovascular system results in increase of ABP(Arterial Blood Pressure) and decrease of heart rate and cardiac output.

국민학교 영어교육 실태와 개선방안

고경석 仁川敎育大學校 1991 論文集 Vol.25 No.1