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Kim Hyojin,Yoon Yune-Jung,Kim Hyunmi,Cha Eun-Young,Lee Hye Suk,Kim Jeong-Han,Yi Kyu Yang,Lee Sunkyung,Cheon Hyae Gyeong,Yoo Sung-Eun,Lee Sang-Seop,Shin Jae-Gook,Liu Kwang-Hyeon The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2005 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.28 No.11
KR-33028 (N-[4-cyano-benzo[b]thiophene-2-carbonyl]guanidine) is a new cardioprotective agent for preventing ischemia-reperfusion injury. This study was performed to identify the metabolic pathway of KR-33028 in human liver microsomes and to compare its metabolism with that of cryopreserved human hepatocytes. Human liver microsomal incubation of KR-33028 in the presence of NADPH and UDPGA resulted in the formation of four metabolites, M1, M2, M3, and M4. M1 and M2 were identified as 5-hydroxy-KR-33028 and 7-hydroxy-KR-33028, respectively, on the basis of LC/MS/MS analysis with the synthesized authentic standard. M3 and M4 were suggested to be dihydroxy-KR-33028 and hydroxy-KR-33028-glucuronide, respectively. Metabolism of KR-33028 in cryopreserved human hepatocytes resulted in the formation of M1, M2, and M4. These data show a good correlation between major metabolites formed in human liver microsomes and cryopreserved human hepatocytes. In addition, KR33028 was found to inhibit moderately the metabolism of CYP1A2 substrates. Based on the results obtained metabolic pathway of KR-33028 is proposed.
The Effects of Advice Seeker’s Expectations on Responses to Advice
Sunkyung Kim,Carol B. Mills 한국소통학회 2010 한국소통학보 Vol.14 No.-
본 연구에서는 조언 요청자가 지닌 기대 유형을 탐색하고, 기대 유형이 체면유지에 관한 지각, 조언을 받아들이는 정도, 조언의 내용에 대한 평가, 그리고 조언을 제공 받은 이후의 변화 지각 등과 어떤 관계가 있는지 살펴보았다. 연구 결과 조언 요청자는 네 가지 유형의 기대를 하는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 조언 요청자가 조언 제공자에게 지시를 기대할때는 조언을 받아들이려는 마음이 높은 반면에, 감정 표출과 정서적인 지지를 기대할 때는 조언이 자신의 체면을 유지시켰다고 지각하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 감정 표출을 기대할 때와 조언 제공자가 자신의 생각에 동의해 줄 것을 기대할 때와는 달리, 조언 제공자에게 지시를 기대할 때 조언의 유용성을 높게 지각했고, 실행에 옮기려는 의도도 높았다. 마지막으로 지시에 대한 기대는 조언을 받아들이는 정도, 체면유지, 그리고 조언의 유용성에 대한 지각에 영향을 미쳤다. 따라서 본 연구 결과는 조언 요청자가 조언 제공자에게 지시를 기대할 때 조언을 받아들일 마음이 높고, 그 조언은 자신의 체면을 유지시켜주며, 유용하다고 지각한다는 것을 시사했다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 효과적이 조언제공을 위한 시사점을 제공하고, 후속연구를 위한 제언을 하였다. The purpose of the present study was to explore the different kinds of expectations that advice seekers have, and the relationships between expectation types and facework, receptiveness to advice, the content characteristics of advice, and advice message outcomes. This study identified four different types of expectations and reported that there are positive associations between direction expectation and receptiveness to advice as well as between venting and emotional expectations and facework. In addition, direction expectation was associated with usefulness and intention to implement, but venting and agreement expectations were not associated with usefulness and intention to implement. Finally, direction expectation had independent effects on receptiveness to advice, facework and usefulness. This implies that when advice seekers have direction expectations, they have high receptiveness to advice while perceiving the advice as face regarded and useful. We also discussed the strengths and limitations of this study.
Kim, Mi Jeong,Moon, Chang-Hyun,Kim, Mi-Young,Lee, Sunkyung,Yi, Kyu Yang,Yoo, Sung Eun,Lee, Soo Hwan,Baik, Eun Joo,Jung, Yi-Sook Elsevier 2005 european journal of pharmacology Vol.525 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A novel Na<SUP>+</SUP>/H<SUP>+</SUP> exchanger-1 (NHE-1) inhibitor [5-(2-methoxy-5-chloro-5-phenyl)furan-2-ylcarbonyl]guanidine (KR-32570) has been previously demonstrated to elicit cardioprotective effect against ischemic injury in rat heart. In the present study, we examined the effects of KR-32570 on cell death induced by hypoxic insult in heart-derived H9c2 cells. Treatment with KR-32570 (1–10 μM) significantly reduced hypoxia-induced necrotic cell death (lactate dehydrogenase release) and apoptotic cell death (TUNEL-positivity, caspase-3 activity). KR-32570 also decreased the cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> overload induced by hypoxia. Inhibition of mitochondrial Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> overload by ruthenium red mimicked the anti-apoptotic effect of KR-32570. In addition, KR-32570 significantly recovered the large reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential (Δ<I>Ψ</I><SUB>m</SUB>) and cytochrome <I>c</I> release induced by hypoxia. Taken together, our results suggest that a new NHE-1 inhibitor KR-32570 elicits potent cardioprotective effects in H9c2 cells, and its effects may be mediated by inhibition of intracellular Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> overload and mitochondrial death pathway during hypoxia.</P>
Protective Effect of KR-31378 on Oxidative Stress in Cardiac Myocytes
Kim Mi-Young,Lee Sunkyung,Yi Kyu Yang,Yoo Sung Eun,Lee Dong-Ha,Lim Hong,Kim Ho Soon,Lee Soo Hwan,Baik Eun Joo,Moon Chang-Hyun,Jung Yi-Sook The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2005 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.28 No.12
In this study, we investigated whether a novel anti-ischemic $K_{ATP}$ opener KR-31378 [(2S,3S,4R)N'-cyano-N-(6-amino-3,4-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2 -methly-2-dimethoxymethly-2H-benzopyran-4-yl)N'-benzylguanidine] has protective effect against oxidative stress-induced death in heart-derived H9c2 cells. Cell death was induced by BSO, butionine sulfoximine, which inhibits GSH synthesis and subsequently increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Cell death was quantitatively determined by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and stained by Hoechst 33258. BSO-induced ROS production and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were measured using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate oxidation and rhodamine 123, respectively. Both the LDH release and the ROS elevation induced by treatment of H9c2 cells with 10 mM BSO, were significantly decreased by KR-31378. These protective effect and antioxidant effect of KR-31378 appeared to be independent on $K_{ATP}$ channel opening. Cells exposed to BSO showed an early reduction in MMP, and this reduction in MMP was significantly reversed by treatment with KR-31378. Caspase-3 activity in BSO treated H9c2 cells was remarkably increased, and this increased caspase-3 activity was significantly reversed by KR-31378. In conclusion, our results suggest that KR-31378 can produce cardioprotective effect against oxidative stress-induced cell death through antioxidant mechanism.
Tree Motifs in Seventh-century Silla Steles
KIM SUNKYUNG 계명대학교 한국학연구원 2018 Acta Koreana Vol.21 No.2
Stone steles served multiple purposes in different cultures: as a territorial marker, an edifying tablet, a political edict, a votive altar, a funerary monument, or a celebratory reminder of remarkable individuals or events. Chinese steles carved with images of Buddhist deities are monuments that testify to the process of adoption and adaptation across different cultural traditions. As products of the Buddhist appropriation of non-Buddhist Chinese steles, steles with Buddhist imagery are hybrids. The visual dialogue between two realms—the mortuary and the religious— underwent another twist when Buddhist steles first appeared on the Korean peninsula in the seventh century. The carvings on Korean steles displayed the usual prominent Buddhist deities and the formulaic language of a dedicatory inscription, but were made in the former territory of a defeated kingdom under a new administrative reign. Hence, they tell us about the fluctuating boundary between political entities, the social identity of the donors, and desired destinations of the devotees. Although “set in stone,” they never easily manifest a single fixed reading of the visual messages embedded in them. In order to better understand the paradoxically fluid character of unyielding stone, this article discusses some anomalous elements of these steles. Focusing on a few peculiar examples of steles from 6th century China and 7th century Korea, this article explores the roles of subsidiary motifs, such as trees and pavilions, found across geographic/cultural borders.
Kim, Yong-Eun,Choi, Sunkyung,Kim, Jong ,Ok,Kim, Kee ,K. Portland Press Ltd. 2017 Bioscience reports Vol.37 No.1
<P>RBFOX3, a nuclear RNA-binding protein, is well known as a regulator of alternative pre-mRNA splicing during neuronal development. However, other functions of RBFOX3 are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the function of RBFOX3 in the cytoplasm with respect to regulation of Claudin-1 expression. In human lung tissue, Claudin-1 is higher in RBFOX3-positive cells than in RBFOX3-negative cells. Immunostaining and mRNA quantification revealed that protein levels, but not mRNA levels, of Claudin-1 are increased by RBFOX3. In addition, cycloheximide treatment of human lung cancer cells revealed that RBFOX3 increases the stability of Claudin-1 through attenuation of its ubiquitination. Our study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms by which RBFOX3 regulates Claudin-1 expression in human lung tissue.</P>