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Risk Factors for Nursing Home Delirium: A Systematic Review
Lee,Jiyeon 한국노인간호학회 2020 노인간호학회지 Vol.22 No.1
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to use a systematic review to assess empirical studies on the risk factors for delirium in nursing homes. Methods: Peer-review articles published were identified in CINAHL, PubMed, EBSCOhost, and Medline databases. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were included. Studies were retained for review after meeting strict inclusion criteria. Nine studies were appraised using the criteria in the Quality Assessment Tool. Results: The incidence of delirium ranged from 3.4% to 70.3%. Risk factors were categorized into predisposing and precipitating factors. Nine predisposing (age, cognitive performance scale, dementia, depression, hearing impairment, intravenous catheter during the previous 24 hours, Parkinson’s disease, gender, widowhood) and six precipitating factors (antipsychotics, blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio [BUN/CR] >21:1, new drugs, pain, restraints, total protein) were found to be associated with the onset of delirium in nursing homes. Only four (age, dementia, depression, and restraints) of the 15 risk factors were mentioned more than twice. Conclusion: Additional delirium risk factors, such as environmental variables and nurse-staffing factors, should be assessed in nursing homes. This systematic review complements the limitations of individual study results. Based on these results, guidelines should be developed to help prevent delirium in nursing homes.
이지연 ( Lee¸ Jiyeon ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2010 영어권문화연구 Vol.3 No.2
William Blake is an early romantic poet in England. In Blake's time, the eighteen century of England went through sudden social upheaval and great confusion through the influence of the Industrial revolution and the French revolution. Humanism and morality were fallen as Materialism was getting spread. Blake saw the united world through contrastive vision in Songs of Innocence and of Experience. Blake focused on the negative aspects of society in the vortex of revolutions. He criticized them in his poems with a keen observation and would like to suggest the solution for social recovery and human release. This study attempts to analyze the social criticism in the sense of family matters and redemptive voice for Utopia centering around Songs of Innocence and of Experience.
Hypermethylation of PDX1, EN2, and MSX1 predicts the prognosis of colorectal cancer
Lee Yeongun,Dho So Hee,Lee Jiyeon,Hwang Ji-Hyun,Kim Minjung,Choi Won-Young,Lee Jin-Young,Lee Jongwon,Chang Woochul,Lee Min Young,Choi Jungmin,Kim Tae-You,Kim Lark Kyun 생화학분자생물학회 2022 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.54 No.-
Despite numerous observations regarding the relationship between DNA methylation changes and cancer progression, only a few genes have been verified as diagnostic biomarkers of colorectal cancer (CRC). To more practically detect methylation changes, we performed targeted bisulfite sequencing. Through co-analysis of RNA-seq, we identified cohort-specific DNA methylation markers: CpG islands of the intragenic regions of PDX1, EN2, and MSX1. We validated that these genes have oncogenic features in CRC and that their expression levels are increased in correlation with the hypermethylation of intragenic regions. The reliable depth of the targeted bisulfite sequencing data enabled us to design highly optimized quantitative methylation-specific PCR primer sets that can successfully detect subtle changes in the methylation levels of candidate regions. Furthermore, these methylation levels can divide CRC patients into two groups denoting good and poor prognoses. In this study, we present a streamlined workflow for screening clinically significant differentially methylated regions. Our discovery of methylation markers in the PDX1, EN2, and MSX1 genes suggests their promising performance as prognostic markers and their clinical application in CRC patients.
Jiyeon Lim,Yunhee Lee,Sangah Shin,Hwi-Won Lee,Claire E Kim,Jong-koo Lee,Sang-Ah Lee,Daehee Kang 한국영양학회 2018 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.12 No.3
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Diet quality scores or indices, based on dietary guidelines, are used to summarize dietary intake into a single numeric variable. The aim of this study was to examine the association between the modified diet quality index for Koreans (DQI-K) and mortality among Health Examinees-Gem (HEXA-G) study participants. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The DQI-K was modified from the original diet quality index. A total of 134,547 participants (45,207 men and 89,340 women) from the HEXA-G study (2004 and 2013) were included. The DQI-K is based on eight components: 1) daily protein intake, 2) percent of energy from fat, 3) percent of energy from saturated fat, 4) daily cholesterol intake, 5) daily whole-grain intake, 6) daily fruit intake, 7) daily vegetable intake, and 8) daily sodium intake. The association between all-cause mortality and the DQI-K was examined using Cox proportional hazard regression models. Hazard ratios and confidence intervals were estimated after adjusting for age, gender, income, smoking status, alcohol drinking, body mass index, and total energy intake. RESULTS: The total DQI-K score was calculated by summing the scores of the eight components (range 0-9). In the multivariable adjusted models, with good diet quality (score 0-4) as a reference, poor diet quality (score 5-9) was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratios = 1.23, 95% confidence intervals = 1.06-1.43). Moreover, a one-unit increase in DQI-K score resulted in a 6% higher mortality risk. CONCLUSIONS: A poor diet quality DQI-K score was associated with an increased risk of mortality. The DQI-K in the present study may be used to assess the diet quality of Korean adults.
Modified Aloe Polysaccharide Restores Chronic Stress-Induced Immunosuppression in Mice
Lee, Youngjoo,Im, Sun-A,Kim, Jiyeon,Lee, Sungwon,Kwon, Junghak,Lee, Heetae,Kong, Hyunseok,Song, Youngcheon,Shin, Eunju,Do, Seon-Gil,Lee, Chong-Kil,Kim, Kyungjae MDPI 2016 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.17 No.10
<P>Chronic stress generally experienced in our daily lives; is known to augment disease vulnerability by suppressing the host immune system. In the present study; the effect of modified Aloe polysaccharide (MAP) on chronic stress-induced immunosuppression was studied; this Aloe compound was characterized in our earlier study. Mice were orally administered with MAP for 24 days and exposed to electric foot shock (EFS; duration; 3 min; interval; 10 s; intensity; 2 mA) for 17 days. The stress-related immunosuppression and restorative effect of MAP were then analyzed by measuring various immunological parameters. MAP treatment alleviated lymphoid atrophy and body weight loss. The numbers of lymphocyte subsets were significantly normalized in MAP-treated mice. Oral administration of MAP also restored the proliferative activities of lymphocytes; ovalbumin (OVA)-specific T cell proliferation; antibody production; and the cell killing activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. In summary; oral administration of MAP ameliorated chronic EFS stress-induced immunosuppression.</P>
Periodic Inspection of a Random Shock Model
Lee, Eui Yong,Lee, Jiyeon,Sohn, Joong Kweon The Korean Society for Quality Management 1996 품질경영학회지 Vol.24 No.3
A Markovian stochastic model for a system subject to random shocks is considered. Each shock arriving according to a Poisson process decreases the state of the system by a random amount. A repairman arrives at the system periodically for inspection and repairs the system only if the state is below a threshold. Costs are assigned to each inspection of the repairman, to each repair, and to the system being in bad states below the threshold. The expected long run average cost is obtained and compared with that of the random inspection introduced by Lee and Lee(1994).
Lee, Youngjoo,Kim, Jiyeon,An, Jinho,Lee, Sungwon,Lee, Heetae,Kong, Hyunseok,Song, Youngcheon,Choi, Hye Ran,Kwon, Ji-Wung,Shin, Daekeun,Lee, Chong-Kil,Kim, Kyungjae The Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology 2017 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.25 No.2
Hyperlipidemia, which is closely associated with a fatty diet and aging, is commonly observed in the western and aged society. Therefore, a novel therapeutic approach for this disease is critical, and an immunological view has been suggested as a novel strategy, because hyperlipidemia is closely associated with inflammation and immune dysfunction. In this study, the effects of an aqueous extract of Rubus occidentalis (RO) in obese mice were investigated using immunological indexes. The mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce hyperlipidemia, which was confirmed by biochemical analysis and examination of the mouse physiology. Two different doses of RO and rosuvastatin, a cholesterol synthesis inhibitor used as a control, were orally administered. Disturbances in immune cellularity as well as lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production were significantly normalized by oral administration of RO, which also decreased the elevated serum tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ level and total cholesterol. The specific immune-related actions of RO comprised considerable improvement in cytotoxic T cell killing functions and regulation of antibody production to within the normal range. The immunological evidence confirms the significant cholesterol-lowering effect of RO, suggesting its potential as a novel therapeutic agent for hyperlipidemia and associated immune decline.
Value of a statistical life estimation of carcinogenic chemicals for socioeconomic analysis in Korea
Lee, Geonwoo,Lee, Yongjin,Lee, Hanseul,Hong, Jiyeon,Yang, Jiyeon The Korean Society of Environmental Toxicology 2015 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.30 No.-
Objectives To protect public health from risk, the Minister of Environment in Korea legislated an act concerning the registration and evaluation of chemical substances. In this study, we estimated the value of a statistical life (VSL) of carcinogenic chemicals to evaluate the socioeconomic analysis in Korea. Methods The estimation of the health benefit can be calculated through an individual's VSL and willingness to pay (WTP). To estimate the VSL and WTP, we used a contingent valuation method through a web-based survey. Results The survey is conducted with 1434 people living in Seoul and six large cities. An analysis of the survey is essential to review the distribution of the characteristics of the target population. The statistically significant variables affecting the WTP are location, age, household income, quality of life. Through the review of data, we secured statistical validity. The WTP was estimated as 41205 Korean won (KRW)/person, and the estimated VSL appeared as 796 million KRW/person. Conclusions There is a case in which the amount of statistical life value is estimated in connection with domestic environmental policy, fine dust, etc. However, there are no cases of evaluation for chemical. The utilization of this result is possible for conducting other study with chemicals.