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연진모 ( Jin-mo Yeon ),강영렬 ( Young-yeul Kang ),엄남일 ( Namil Um ),김기헌 ( Ki-heon Kim ),신선경 ( Sun-kyoung Shin ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2017 한국폐기물자원순환학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.2017 No.-
최근 자원고갈문제의 해소와 효율적인 폐기물 관리를 위한 적극적인 자원순환정책의 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 이에 환경부는 자원순환법 제정 후 2020년까지 폐기물 발생량 대비 매립률을 3 %로 줄이고 폐기물 중 재활용 자원의 매립률도 최소화하기 위해 노력중이다. 2016. 07. 21 이전에 폐기물을 재활용하려면 폐기물관리법령에 반영된 66개 재활용용도와 방법에 부합되어야만 가능하며, 새로운 재활용 기술이 개발되어도 기술 검증, 법령개정 절차 이행 등 재활용이 허용되기까지 2년 이상의 시간이 소요되는 실정이었다. 이에 현행과 같이 제한된 몇 가지 재활용만 허용하고 나머지는 불허하는 허용행위 열거방식(포지티브 방식)은 재활용 극대화에 한계가 있으므로 재활용을 원칙적으로 모두 허용하고 환경이나 건강에 위해한 것만 불허하는 제한행위 열거방식(네거티브 방식)으로의 전환이 필요하였다. 이를 위해 폐기물이 원료로 제조공정을 거쳐 재활용되는 경우 해당공정, 제품에 대한 환경보호 기준을 설정하고 이를 충족하는 모든 재활용 방식은 원칙적으로 재활용을 허용해 관련 신기술 개발 등 재활용 활성화를 유도하도록 하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 폐기물이 토양·지하수 등 매체와 직접 접촉하지 않는 비매체접촉형 폐기물 재활용에 대한 재활용 환경성 평가기법을 마련하고, 이들 비매체접촉형 폐기물의 재활용 기준(안)을 마련하고자 하였다.
외인성 에스트로젠에 의한 자궁경부암 세포의 성장과 HPV 유전자 조절
이진우,김찬주,박태철,엄수종,박종섭,이준모,남궁성은,김승조 대한부인종양 콜포스코피학회 1998 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.9 No.4
Backgrounds: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is known as the major causative phenomenon in the development of cervical cancer. E6 and E7 proteins of oncogenic HPV types can play critical roles in immortalization and malignant transformation of cervical epithelial cells. From the previous epidemiologic data, long term use of oral contraceptives may be one of the risk factor for cervical cancer. Purpose: Investigation of estrogenic and anti-estrogenic effects on the proliferation of cervical cancer cells and gene expression of HPV under the regulation of HPV upstream regulatory region (URR) would help to explain the role of estradiol in HPV-associated pathogenesis of cervical cancer. Methods: Cervical cancer cells (HeLa, CaSki and C33A) were cultured in vitro in the presence of 17 β-estradiol or tamoxifen and the numbers of cells were directly counted to observe the growth stimulatory or suppressive effect of the treatment. The correlation between the growth regulatory effect and HPV E6/E7 gene expression was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The estrogenic effect on the promoter activity of HPV URR was further confirmed by transient co-transfection assays, which were conducted in C33A cells using the HPV-18 URR-CAT reporter plasmid. Supplemental effect of estrogen receptor on the URR promoter activity was also evaluated. To analyze the growth suppressive function at the higher concentration of estradiol or tamoxifen in HeLa cells, DNA fragmentation assay was performed. Results: The proliferation of HeLa and CaSki cells was stimulated by estradiol at the concentration of physiological level (≤1 X 10-6M), reaching maximal growth at 0.5 X 10-6M. At concentration of 0.1 X 10-6M, tamoxifen also stimulated the proliferation of HeLa and CaSki cells. In contrast to HPV-positive cervical cells, C33A cells were not influenced to cell proliferation by addition of estradiol at the physiological level, indicating that HPV might play role in growth stimulatory effect of estrogen or tamoxifen. Interestingly, the proliferation of (5 and 10 X 10-6M), whereas those of CaSki and C33A cellswere not responded and littleHe La cells was totally suppressed by estradiol and tamoxifen at the higher concentration suppressed at the concentration, respectively. The levels of HPV-18 E6 and E7 mRNA were significantly increased after treatment of 0.5 X 10-6M estradiol as determined by RT-PCR. Furthermore, transient transfection experiments using the URR-CAT reporter plasmid indicatedthat the increased expression of HPV E6/E7 genes was related with the growth stimulatory effect of estradiol and tamoxifen. In addition, co-transfection of estrogen receptor (ER) leads to an over 4-fold increase in CAT activity after treatment of estradiol or tamoxifen with 0.5 X 10-6M. When estradiol or tamoxifen was treated at the concentration over 5 X 10-6M for 96 hr, a typical DNA ladder, a indicative of apoptosis, was observed in HeLa cells. However, DNA ladder was not detected in C33A cells of which growth was some suppressed under same concentration of estradiol. Conclusion: At the physiological levels, estradiol stimulated the growth of HPV-positive cervical cancer cells and tamoxifen also did at the concentration of 0.1 X 10-6M. The increased expression of HPV E6/E7 at the physiologic levels appeared to be related with the growth stimulation of HPV-positive cervical cancer cells. Growth suppression observed at the higher concentration (5 and 10 X 10-6M) might be a indicative of apoptosis shown by DNA fragmentation assay in HeLa cells. Taken together, these data suggested that the concentration of estradiol (≤1 X 10-6M) could be a risk-factor in HPV-mediated cerivcal carcinogenesis.
A waferscale Si wire solar cell using radial and bulk p–n junctions
Jung, Jin-Young,Guo, Zhongyi,Jee, Sang-Won,Um, Han-Don,Park, Kwang-Tae,Hyun, Moon Seop,Yang, Jun Mo,Lee, Jung-Ho IOP Pub 2010 Nanotechnology Vol.21 No.44
<P>Silicon nanowires (NWs) and microwires (MWs) are cost-effectively integrated on a 4-inch wafer using metal-assisted electroless etching for solar cell applications. MWs are periodically positioned using low-level optical patterning in between a dense array of NWs. A spin-on-doping technique is found to be effective for the formation of heavily doped, thin n-type shells of MWs in which the radial doping profile is easily delineated by low voltage scanning electron microscopy. Controlled tapering of the NWs results in additional optical enhancement via optimization of the tradeoff between increased light trapping (by a graded-refractive-index) and increased reflectance (by decreasing areal density of NWs). Compared to single NW (or MW) arrayed cells, the co-integrated solar cells demonstrate improved photovoltaic characteristics, i.e. a short circuit current of 20.59 mA cm<SUP> − 2</SUP> and a cell conversion efficiency of ∼ 7.19% at AM 1.5G illumination. </P>
( Namil Um ),( Jin-mo Yeon ),( Hee-sung Lee ),( Seong-kyeong Jeong ),( Min-young Choi ),( David Chung ),( Tae-wan Jeon ),( Sun-kyoung Shin ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2015 한국폐기물자원순환학회 3RINCs초록집 Vol.2015 No.-
This study investigated the dissolution kinetics of insoluble chloride in MSWI bottom ash under physical condition with submerged particle via accelerated carbonation. The water-to-solid ratio was controlled by the condition, 10 dm<sup>3</sup>/kg, and the CO<sub>2</sub> concentration was kept constant at 30%. The reaction temperature was varied from 20℃ to 40℃ for dissolution kinetics. The result of an XRD analysis indicated that insoluble chloride (Friedel’s Salt) in untreated bottom ash could combine with CO<sub>2</sub> to form mainly an amorphous Al-rich material and calcite. In addition, the theoretical model was fitted well to the kinetics data pertaining to the dissolved insoluble chloride as the carbonation process proceeded; in the theoretical model, the product-layer diffusion was predominant. The variation of the rate constant upon dissolution with the temperature obeyed the Arrhenius equation with activation energy of 24.61 kJ/mol.
Regulatory Mechanisms Involved in Proteolysis of Rice Leaves during Senescence
KANG, SEONG MO,KANG, NAM JUN,LEE, NAM JIN,KANG, JUN SOON,KIM, YOUNG RAN,JEONG, YEON OK,PARK, JOONG CHOON,KIM, ZHOO HYEON,UM, SUNG KYUN,CHO, JEOUNG LAI 경상대학교 유전공학연구소 1990 遺傳工學硏究所報 Vol.9 No.-
NaCl and KCl enhanced the degradation of chlorophylls and proteins in detached rice (Oryze sativa) leaves in a concentration-dependent manner. Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase(Rubisco) accounted for 73 to 80% of the protein lost by day 4 in the light. NaCl at 50mM increased proteolysis by 21% over the control in 4 days, but the addition of cycloheximide reduced the increase to about one-half. Cycloheximide alone had no effect on proteolytic activity during this period. Leaf segments taken from 10-day-old seedlings contained the highest proteolytic activity. Both NaCl and KCl increased the activity of Rubisco-degrading endoproteinases, but decreased the activity of hemoglobin-and Rubisco-degeading exoproteinases. Efflux of amono acids from senescing leaf segments into the incubation media increased 7- and 12- fold in the presence of KCl and NaCl, respectively. The effect of gibberellic acid(GA₃) and abscisic acid(ABA) on KCl-enhanced proteolysis was also studied. When treated singly, GA₃affected leaf proteolysis little, while ABA increased proteolysis, the rate of amino acid efflux, and Rubisco-degrading endo-proteinase activity. An additive increase in all three parameters mentioned above was observed when leaves were treated with ABA and KCl. No such an additive effect was found when GA₃was treated with KCl. Both GA₃and ABA helped to alleviate the KCl-suppressed activity of Rubisco-degrading exproteinases. The additive increase in proteolysis of rice leaves in the presence of both ABA and KCl could thus be ascribed to a further increase in the efflux of protein hydrolyzates and Rubisco-degrading endoproteinase activity. It is concluded that, in addition to the induction of new proteinase synthesis, the increased efflux of protein hydrolyzates may play a significant role in increasing proteolysis of salt-treated leaves.
CLM 및 CLM-VIC를 이용한 동아시아 지역의 과거 가뭄 분석
엄명진(Myoung-Jin Um),김정빈(Jeongbin Kim),김문모(Mun Mo Kim),김연주(Yeonjoo Kim) 응용생태공학회 2018 Ecology and resilient infrastructure Vol.5 No.3
본 연구에서는 CLM 및 CLM-VIC의 모의 자료를 이용하여 기존에 관측된 동아시아 지역의 가뭄을 분석하였다. 관측 자료는 CRU 자료를 활용하였으며, 연구기간으로 1951 - 2010년을 설정하였다. 기상학적 가뭄 지수인 SPEI를 산정하기 전에 연평균 강수량, 기온 및 증발량에 대한 각각의 비교 및 검토를 수행하였다. 각 모의 자료들이 국지적으로는 관측 자료와 미소한 차이를 보이나 동아시아 전반적으로는 유사한 시공간 패턴을 보이는 것으로 간주되어 SPEI 산정 시 적절할 것으로 판단되었다. SPEI 산정결과들을 기왕 대표 가뭄 및 연구 기간에 대한 빈도 해석을 통하여 검토한 결과, CLM 및 CLM-VIC는 관측 가뭄인 CRU와 공간적으로 유사한 분포를 나타내었다. 다만, 가뭄의 정도가 심해지면 그 유사성이 다소 감소하는 경향을 보였다. In this study, the historical drought in East Asia was analyzed with the Community Land Model (CLM) and CLM-Variable infiltration capacity (CLM-VIC). The observation dataset, Climate Research Unit (CRU), were also applied to check and estimate the historical drought for 1951 - 2010. The annual precipitation, temperature and evapotranspiration by CRU, CLM and CLM-VIC were investigated before estimating the meteorological drought index, which is the Standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). Three variables by observation and simulations have generally similar spatial pattern in East Asia even though there are some mere differences depending on the local area. These similar patterns are also founded in the results of SPEI by CRU, CLM and CLM-VIC. However, the similarity of SPEI becomes weaker as the drought severity goes severer from D1 to D4.