Performance Analysis and Power Allocation for NOMA-assisted Cloud Radio Access Network

( Fangcheng Xu ),( Xiangbin Yu ),( Weiye Xu ),( Jiali Cai ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2021 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.15 No.3

With the assistance of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), the spectrum efficiency and the number of users in cloud radio access network (CRAN) can be greatly improved. In this paper, the system performance of NOMA-assisted CRAN is investigated. Specially, the outage probability (OP) and ergodic sum rate (ESR), are derived for performance evaluation of the system, respectively. Based on this, by minimizing the OP of the system, a suboptimal power allocation (PA) scheme with closed-form PA coefficients is proposed. Numerical simulations validate the accuracy of the theoretical results, where the derived OP has more accuracy than the existing one. Moreover, the developed PA scheme has superior performance over the conventional fixed PA scheme but has smaller performance loss than the optimal PA scheme using the exhaustive search method.

RNAi‐mediated knockdown of juvenile hormone esterase causes mortality and malformation in Tribolium castaneum

Xu Zhanyi,Yan Ru,Qian Jiali,Chen Dongping,Guo Yirong,Zhu Guonian,Wu Huiming,Chen Mengli 한국곤충학회 2022 Entomological Research Vol.52 No.11

RNA interference is an efficient approach for gene function identification and a potential novel strategy for selectively controlling pests. The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is a major global storage pest, which causes great economic loss. Juvenile hormone esterase (JHE), a carboxylesterase, is responsible for the degradation of juvenile hormone. However, the knockdown effect of jhe on metamorphosis of pupae or adult in T. castaneum is unknown. In this study, we analyzed the expression profiles of Tc j h e in the larval stage, we found that Tc j h e was expressed throughout the whole larval instars and the expression levels were relatively high right after molting. Furthermore, we knocked down the expression of Tcjhe by injecting dsTc j h e , which significantly increased the mortality of adults and decreased the eclosion rate. In addition, abnormal developmental phenotypes, including wing deformitity, pupal–adult monsters and shrunken adults, were observed. Our finding indicates that JHE plays an important role in the metamorphosis and development in T. castaneum, suggesting that Tc j h e could be used as a potential target for the development of RNAi-based control strategies in T. castaneum.

The molecular characteristics of two metallothioneins in Ostrinia furnacalis and expression under conditions of heavy metal stress

Zhang Jiali,Guo Xin,Xu Fanshu,Chen Lihui,Wei Hongyi 한국응용곤충학회 2023 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.26 No.1

Metallothioneins are ubiquitously-expressed metal-binding proteins. Despite their potential ecological relevance, no prior reports have identified any metallothioneins in Ostrinia furnacalis or other Lepidoptera species. A better understanding of the molecular characteristics and regulatory dynamics of metallothionein genes in O. furnacalis under heavy metal stress conditions would enable future studies of the roles played by these proteins in the context of heavy metal detoxification. Herein, we identified and characterized two metallothionein (OfMT) genes in O. furnacalis, including the 147 bp OfMT1 gene encoding a 48 amino acid protein containing 10 cysteine residues, and the 141 bp OfMT2 gene encoding a 46 amino acid protein containing 12 cysteine residues. The expression of OfMT2 was found to be related to Cu and Cd concentrations in a dose-dependent manner but was unaffected by Zn exposure. Overall, these results indicate that OfMT genes likely encode metal-binding proteins consistent with their potential role in the maintenance of heavy metal homeostasis.

외교적 보호의 의무 속성에 관한 연구

마광 ( Ma Guang ),서가려 ( Xu Jiali ) 안암법학회 2020 안암 법학 Vol.0 No.60

외교적 보호는 전통적으로 국가의 권리로 간주되며 국가는 절대적인 재량권을 가지는데 국제법에 따른 의무를 지지 않는다. 이는 바텔이 제안한 국가적 특성에서 비롯된 것이다. 그러나 2차 세계대전 후 세계는 다극화 추세를 보였으며 경제 세계화는 점점 더 많은 영향을 미쳤다. 국제법은 점점 더 강한 인본주의 적 경향을 보여 주었다. 외교 보호 권리의 본질에 대한 전통적인 견해는 학자들에 의해 점점 더 많은 의문을 야기하고 있다. 최근 일본에 대한 중국국민의 일본내 소송 실패로 중국정부는 외교적 보호를 제공할지에 대해 판단을 해야 했다. 특히 '위안부'문제와 관련하여 피해자와 유가족은 2017 년 외교 보호에 대한 책임을 정부가 부담해야 한다고 공개적으로 요구했다. 이는 외교적 보호가 여전히 정부의 절대적인 재량인지 여부를 재검토하게 한다. 이를 고려하여 본 논문은 외교적 보호의 의무속성에 대해 연구하고자 한다. 저자는 먼저 전제 조건의 도입과 다른 유사한 시스템과의 비교를 통해 외교적 보호를 정의하고 전통적인 이론을 간략하게 소개한다. 다음, 저자는 외교적 보호, 전제 조건 및 국내외 차원의 국가적 특성에서 기존의 법적 틀과 전통 이론 사이의 모순을 찾으려고 시도하였다. 또한, 외교적 보호 의무 속성의 이론적 근거를 국제법의 개인 지위, 중국 외교정책의 변화, 국제법의 인간화 경향 및 새로운 주권 책임 개념 등에서 찾고자 하였다. 그 후, 고전적인 사례의 개발을 통해 특정 상황에서 국적 국가가 어떤 종류의 제한적 의무를 이행 할 것인지에 대해 논의하고 이론을 실천과 연계 시키려고 한다. 최소한 절차의 측면에서 외교적 보호 가능성을 적절히 고려해야 할 의무가 있다. 사실상 국민의 인권이 심각하게 침해될 때 외교적 보호를 위한 구체적인 조치를 취할 의무가 있다. 마지막으로, 중국의 입장과 역사적 배경 및 현대의 국가 역할 변화에 기초하여 외교보호 의무의 본질 관점에서 제안이 이루어진다. 오늘날 해외에 나가는 중국인의 수가 증가하고 있으며 보안 위험이 점점 높아지고 있다. 해외 중국 국민의 보호 강화는 시급한 과제이다. 오늘날, 인간 중심의 외교가 자리매김 하고 있는 상황을 보면 이와 같은 외교 보호 의무의 본질에 대한 검토는 중국의 이론과 실제에서 중요한 의미를 가진다. 특히 이와 관련하여 한국 헌법재판소의 2011년 및 2019년의 “위안부” 피해자 관련 결정은 헌법적 측면에서 외교보호의 의무성격을 제시한 중요한 결정이며 이는 국제법 특히 외교보호의 발전에 대해 유익한 국가실행을 제시하였다. 또한 이는 중국을 포함하여 유사한 문제점을 안고 고민하는 제3국에 대해서도 유익한 경험이 될 것이다. 본 논문의 서두에서 언급하고 또한 본 논문을 작성하게 된 계기가 된 중국 내 “위안부” 피해자들이 중국 외교부에 외교보호를 신청한 사건을 시작으로 외교보호의 성격에 대한 중국정부 및 학계의 재검토 작업도 반드시 이루어지게 될 것이다. Diplomatic protection is traditionally considered to be the sole right of the state, and the state has absolute discretion and does not assume any obligations under international law. This originated from the national characteristics proposed by Vettel. However, after the Second World War, the world showed a trend of multi-polarization, and economic globalization has exerted more and more influence. International law has shown an increasingly strong humanistic trend. Traditional views on the nature of diplomatic protection rights are increasingly being questioned by academics. The recent failure of Chinese private claims against Japan also required the government to provide diplomatic protection. In particular, for the issue of “comfort women”, the victims and the bereaved publicly demanded that the government assume responsibility for diplomatic protection in 2017.The Chinese government has also repeatedly stated its position of resolutely safeguarding the interests of our citizens and defending basic human rights. This makes us to re-examine whether diplomatic protection is still the absolute discretion of a government. In view of this, this article hopes to explore the obligations of diplomatic protection. This article first defines the diplomatic protection through the introduction of preconditions and comparison with other similar systems, and briefly introduces the traditional theory. Secondly, the author tries to find the contradictions between the existing legal framework and traditional theories from the national characteristics of diplomatic protection, preconditions and domestic and foreign dimensions .Then it tries to find the theoretical basis of the diplomatic protection obligation attribute from the change of personal status in international law, the change of China's foreign policy and the trend of humanization of international law and the new concept of responsibility of sovereignty. After that, it hopes to discuss what kind of limited obligation shall the country of nationality fulfill under certain circumstances through the development of classic cases and to link theory with practice. At least in terms of procedures, there should be an obligation to give due consideration to the possibility of diplomatic protection; In substance, when the human rights of nationals are seriously violated, there is an obligation to take concrete action for diplomatic protection. Finally, based on China's position and the historical background and the change of state role in modern times, suggestions are made from the perspective of the nature of diplomatic protection obligations. Today, the number of Chinese citizens who go abroad is increasing, and the increasing security risks are everywhere. Strengthening the protection of overseas Chinese citizens is an urgent task. Today, when people-oriented diplomacy becomes the ruling idea, the thinking on the nature of diplomatic protection obligations has important significance both in theory and in practice.

Genome-wide analysis and environmental response profiling of SOT family genes in rice (Oryza sativa)

Rongjun Chen,Yunyun Jiang,Jiali Dong,Xin Zhang,Hongbo Xiao,Zhengjun Xu,Xiaoling Gao 한국유전학회 2012 Genes & Genomics Vol.34 No.5

Sulphotransferase (SOT) catalyses the transfer of a sulphonate group from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulphate (PAPS)to an appropriate hydroxyl group of various substrates with the parallel formation of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate (PAP). Although several SOTs have been identified and characterized in mammalian, their role in plant is still unclear. In this study, we report genome-wide comprehensive expression analysis of 35 putative SOT genes in rice. The 35 OsSOTs were tandemly arranged into six clusters. The phylogenetic analysis showed that there were 7 subfamilies of OsSOTs and 11 putatively conserved motifs. Six OsSOTs might be pseudogenes,25 have the two motifs which were involved in PAPS binding regions I and IV. Microarray data indicated that all the OsSOTs were expressed almost at the same level but with different patterns: most OsSOTs were expressed exclusively in stigma and ovary and induced by IAA and BAP, several genes were induced by tZ and DMSO and 11 OsSOTs were response to abiotic stress. Further analysis showed that these 11 genes contained cis-regulatory elements responding to abiotic stresses.

Genetic variations in DROSHA and DICER and survival of advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a two-stage study in Chinese population

Shuangshuang Wu,Yun Pan,Songyu Cao,Jiali Xu,Yan Liang,Yan Wang,Lei Chen,Yunyan Wei,Chongqi Sun,Weihong Zhao,Zhibin Hu,Hongxia Ma,Hongbing Shen,Jianqing Wu 한국유전학회 2015 Genes & Genomics Vol.37 No.7

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a class of small, noncoding RNA molecules involved in carcinogenesis. Genetic variations in miRNA processing genes may affect the biogenesis of miRNAs, and consequently affect miRNAs regulation and development and progression of human cancer. Therefore, we hypothesized that polymorphisms in two main miRNA biosynthesis genes (DROSHA and DICER) may modulate the survival of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in China. We selected 36 common tagging SNPs in DROSHA and DICER and evaluated the associations of these SNPs with survival of advanced NSCLC patients by a two-stage study in Chinese Han population (discovery cohort: 303 patients; replication cohort: 340 patients). Thirty-six SNPs were detected in the discovery cohort and 12 promising SNPs were validated in the replication cohort. The results showed that DROSHA rs3805525 was marginally associated with the survival of NSCLC patients in the replication cohort (dominant model: HR 0.69, 95 % CI 0.46–1.03, P = 0.071), which was in the same direction as that in the discovery cohort. When combing all patients into one group, three SNPs (rs3805525, rs17410035 and rs7719497) in DROSHA showed significantly associations with NSCLC survival (additive model: HR 0.82, 95 % CI 0.68–0.99 for rs3805525; HR 0.79, 95 % CI 0.62–1.00 for rs17410035; HR 0.76, 95 % CI 0.62–0.93 for rs7719497). Additionally, the combined analysis of those three SNPs showed a significant locus-dosage effect between number of favorable alleles and death risk of NSCLC (Trend P = 0.002). Genetic variations in DROSHA might be associated with the survival of advanced NSCLC patients in Chinese population.

Optimization of workpiece processing based on the orthogonal double-chain differential evolution algorithm

Huang Xin,Lv Danju,Chen Xu,Xi Rui,Zi Jiali,Gao Mingyuan,Zhang Yan 한국CDE학회 2023 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.10 No.1

An orthogonal double-chain differential evolution (ODCDE) algorithm is proposed to optimize the problem’s parameters for workpiece processing. ODCDE improves the differential evolution structure by changing the parcels into the orthogonal chains in the adaptive search range of the solution, which can avoid falling into local optimum, improve the solution precision, and speed up the convergence speed. The superiority of the proposed algorithm was proved by the function performance test on three sets of bench functions, which reached the first place in the set of 23 functions with other 11 optimal algorithms, ranked the second in the CEC2017 functions with other more recent 5 algorithms, and ranked the seventh in the CEC2011 functions with other 11 algorithms including AMO, SFS, and GSK algorithms. Finally, two kinds of optimal workpiece processing, the tubular column design and the multipass milling, are studied, and the results show that our algorithm performs better than other methods.

A biothiols and H 2 O 2 responsive fluorescence probe for selective cancer imaging

Yin Nan,Qin Guixin,Wang Yuting,Tang Jiali,Yao Xin,Xu Qingling 대한화학회 2024 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.45 No.3

Identification of cancer from normal tissues is important for early diagnosis of cancer. Combined detection of multiple tumor markers is important for accurate diagnosis. It is urgent to develop fluorescent probes that are responsive to multiple cancer characterizations for selective cancer imaging. Herein, we designed a novel near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe ( IRAPA ) using a hemi‐cyanine skeleton as fluorophore and 3‐acrylamidopropanoic ester as recognizing unit that is responsive to both oxidative and reductive molecules. IRAPA has faint fluorescence emission as the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process is blocked. H 2 O 2 , glutathione (GSH) and cysteine (Cys) can individually induce the hydrolysis of ester bond and give fluorescent NIR IROH . IRAPA shows low cytotoxicity and produces strong fluorescence specifically in cancer cells/tissues. While the normal cells/tissues showed very weak fluorescence. Moreover, IRAPA shows higher differences between cancer and normal cells compared to probes that only response to biothiols or ROS. Identification of cancer from normal tissues is important for early diagnosis of cancer. Combined detection of multiple tumor markers is important for accurate diagnosis. It is urgent to develop fluorescent probes that are responsive to multiple cancer characterizations for selective cancer imaging. Herein, we designed a novel near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe (IRAPA) using a hemicyanine skeleton as fluorophore and 3-acrylamidopropanoic ester as recognizing unit that is responsive to both oxidative and reductive molecules. IRAPA has faint fluorescence emission as the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process is blocked. H2O2, glutathione (GSH) and cysteine (Cys) can individually induce the hydrolysis of ester bond and give fluorescent NIR IROH. IRAPA shows low cytotoxicity and produces strong fluorescence specifically in cancer cells/tissues. While the normal cells/tissues showed very weak fluorescence. Moreover, IRAPA shows higher differences between cancer and normal cells compared to probes that only response to biothiols or ROS.

Toward better translation of clinical research evidence into rapid recommendations for traditional Chinese medicine interventions: A methodological framework

Sun Xin,Luo Xiaochao,Li Ling,Ma Bin,Yao Minghong,Liu Jiali,Ge Long,Chen Xiaofan,Wu Xi,Deng Hongyong,Zhou Xu,Wen Zehuai,Li Guowei,Li Qianrui 한국한의학연구원 2022 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.11 No.3

Rapid recommendation is a novel methodological framework for developing clinical practice guidelines and this framework shares the basic features of classical guidelines but differs from classical clinical practice guidelines in its ‘rapid’ development process (typically within 90 days) with an aim of translat-ing practice-changing studies to recommendations. A recent global innovation of guideline development methodology is the proposal of a rapid recommendation framework for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), which has the potential to add value to the translation of evidence to practice for TCM inter- ventions. Up to now, more than 180 rapid recommendations have been published, but none of them is pertaining to TCM interventions. Due to the nature of multi-dimensional evidence sources for TCM inter- ventions, including classical randomized controlled trials and real world evidence, a more sophisticated methodological approach to synthesize and evaluate the totality of evidence about effects of TCM in- terventions is required. Therefore, appropriate modification to the rapid recommendation framework is necessary. In the efforts to respond to these needs, we have proposed a specific approach to developing rapid recommendations for TCM interventions the Multi-dimensional Evidence Synthesis, Evaluation and Recommendations for TCM interventions (MESERT)