Abnormal liver enzyme tests and NAFLD

( Arun J Sanyal M. B. B. S. ) 대한간학회 2011 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.17 No.3(S)

NASH: Emerging concepts in clinical impact, evaluation and care

( Arun J Sanyal M. B. B. S. ) 대한간학회 2011 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.17 No.3(S)

Hyponatremia: Clinical assessment and management in the cirrhotic patient

( Arun J Sanyal M. B. B. S. ) 대한간학회 2011 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.17 No.3(S)

The Etiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Consequences for Treatment

Sanyal, Arun J.,Yoon, Seung Kew,Lencioni, Riccardo Alphamed Press 2010 The oncologist Vol.15 No.suppl4

<P>Most patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have liver cirrhosis, which develops following long periods of chronic liver disease. Cirrhosis is characterized by a decrease in hepatocyte proliferation, indicating an exhaustion of the regenerative capacity of the liver, and results in an increase in fibrous tissue and a destruction of liver cells, which may ultimately lead to the development of cancerous nodules. Half of all cases of HCC are associated with hepatitis B virus infection, with a further 25% associated with hepatitis C virus. Other risk factors for developing HCC include alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, intake of aflatoxin-contaminated food, diabetes, and obesity. There are multiple factors involved in the etiology of HCC, all of which have a direct impact on patient characteristics and disease course, and although a causative agent can often be identified, HCC remains an extremely complex condition associated with a poor prognosis. Additionally, the geographic variation in etiology means that information from different countries is needed in order to optimize surveillance methods and develop effective chemoprevention strategies. Unfortunately, there are still many gaps in our current understanding, and further research efforts are needed to fully elucidate the diverse mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of HCC and offer optimal prevention strategies for those at risk.</P>

Immunomodulatory Effects of Lippia sidoides Extract: Induction of IL-10 Through cAMP and p38 MAPK-Dependent Mechanisms

Arun Rajgopal,John F. Rebhun,Charlie R. Burns,Jeffrey D. Scholten,John A. Balles,David J. Fast 한국식품영양과학회 2015 Journal of medicinal food Vol.18 No.3

Lippia sidoides is an aromatic shrub that grows wild in the northeastern region of Brazil. In local traditional medicine, the aerial portions of this species are used as anti-infectives, antiseptics, spasmolytics, sedatives, hypotensives, and anti-inflammatory agents. In this research, we evaluate the potential immunological properties of Lippia extract through in vitro analysis of its ability to modulate intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels and interleukin-10 (IL-10) production. These results show that Lippia extract increases intracellular cAMP through the inhibition of phosphodiesterase activity. They also demonstrate that Lippia extract increases IL-10 production in THP-1 monocytes through both an increase in intracellular cAMP and the activation of p38 MAPK. These results suggest that the Lippia-mediated inhibition of phosphodiesterase activity and the subsequent increase in intracellular cAMP may explain some of the biological activities associated with L. sidoides. In addition, the anti-inflammatory activity of L. sidoides may also be due, in part, to its ability to induce IL-10 production through the inhibition of cyclic nucleotide-dependent phosphodiesterase activity and by its activation of the p38 MAPK pathway.

What Should an Ideal Adult Spinal Deformity Classification System Consist of?: Review of the Factors Affecting Outcomes of Adult Spinal Deformity Management

J. Naresh-Babu,Arun-Kumar Viswanadha,Manabu Ito,박종범 대한척추외과학회 2019 Asian Spine Journal Vol.13 No.4

This literature review aims to determine potential clinical factors or comorbidities besides radiological parameters that affect the outcome of adult spinal deformity (ASD) management and review existing classifications associated with ASD. ASD is a multifactorial disease that comprises pathologies like radiological spine deformity, coexistence of spinal canal stenosis, radiculopathy, and multiple comorbidities. The available classification systems of ASD are predominantly based on radiological parameters and do not consider related clinical conditions. ASD patients with different combinations of these parameters behave differently and need different management strategies. We conducted a narrative literature review with search limited to English language of PubMed/MEDLINE using Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms. The terms specific to the review were ASD and several other related terminologies. We analyzed the information of the selected papers including factors affecting surgical outcomes for degenerative scoliosis. We reviewed 614 citations. Based on the inclusion criteria, 39 citations were selected for full-text retrieval; of these, 28 were excluded because of not fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Thus, 11 studies were selected and included for the final analysis. The presence of leg pain, spinal stenosis, obesity, osteoporosis, smoking, and age of patients were major influencing factors. Furthermore, the factors included in the available classifications, such as the Scoliosis Research Society–Schwab classifications, were reviewed and results were tabulated. This review highlights the significance of neurological symptoms, spinal stenosis, osteoporosis, obesity, age, and smoking, which markedly affect the management of ASD. With increasing number of patients being diagnosed and treated with ASD, there has been a growing need to comprehensively classify these patients into clinicoradiological subgroups.

Genomics of brown algae: current advances and future prospects

J. Mark Cock,Alok Arun,Olivier Godfroy,Nicolas Macaisne,Martina Strittmatter,Akira F. Peters,Susana M. Coelho 한국유전학회 2012 Genes & Genomics Vol.34 No.1

The analysis of the complete genome sequence of the filamentous brown alga Ectocarpus provided many new insights into brown algal biology and has improved our understanding of how this organism has adapted to its seashore environment. Since the publication of the genome sequence in 2010, numerous studies have continued the analysis of the constituent genes or have combined genome data with experimental work,allowing progress in several key areas, including metabolism and reproductive biology. Ectocarpus will continue to be exploited as a model organism in future years, but genomic approaches should also be extended to additional brown algal species in order to fully exploit the diversity of this phylogenetic group and to facilitate the application of new knowledge to economically important seaweeds such as kelps.

Voxel-Based Dosimetry of Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Conjugated ¹⁷⁷Lu-Labeled Folic Acid Using SPECT/CT Imaging of Mice

Gupta, Arun,Shin, Jae H.,Lee, Min S.,Park, Ji Y.,Kim, Kyuwan,Kim, Joong H.,Suh, Minseok,Park, Cho R.,Kim, Young J.,Song, Myung G.,Jeong, Jae M.,Lee, Dong S.,Lee, Yun-Sang,Lee, Jae S. American Chemical Society 2019 Molecular pharmaceutics Vol.16 No.4

<P>Several radiolabeled folic acid conjugates have been developed for targeted imaging and therapy. However, the therapeutic concept with radiolabeled folate conjugates has not yet been applied to clinical applications owing to the high renal absorbed dose. The effectiveness of targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) depends primarily on the absorbed dose rate and on the total absorbed dose delivered to the tumor and to normal tissue. Owing to various limitations associated with organ level dosimetry, voxel-based dosimetry has become essential for the assessment of a more accurate absorbed dose during TRT. In this study, we synthesized iron oxide nanoparticle (IONP)-conjugated radiolabeled folate (<SUP>177</SUP>Lu-IONP-Folate) and performed voxel-based dosimetry using SPECT/CT images of normal mice through direct Geant4 application for emission tomography (GATE) Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. We also prepared <SUP>177</SUP>Lu-Folate and <SUP>177</SUP>Lu-IONPs for the comparison of absorbed doses with that of <SUP>177</SUP>Lu-IONP-Folate. In addition, we calculated the mean absorbed dose at the organ-level using the medical internal radiation dose (MIRD) schema. The radioactivities of all three radiotracers were mainly accumulated in the liver and kidneys immediately after injection. For the kidneys, the voxel-based absorbed doses obtained with <SUP>177</SUP>Lu-IONP-Folate, <SUP>177</SUP>Lu-Folate, and <SUP>177</SUP>Lu-IONPs were 1.01 ± 0.17, 2.46 ± 0.50, and 0.52 ± 0.08 Gy/MBq, respectively. The renal absorbed dose decreased significantly (∼half) when <SUP>177</SUP>Lu-IONP-Folate was used compared with when the <SUP>177</SUP>Lu-Folate only was used. The mean absorbed dose values obtained at organ-level using the MIRD schema were comparable to voxel-based absorbed doses estimated with GATE MC. The voxel-based absorbed dose values obtained in this study of individualized activity show that the renal absorbed dose could be reduced to almost half with <SUP>177</SUP>Lu-IONP-Folate. Therefore, <SUP>177</SUP>Lu-IONP-Folate could be clinically applicable in the TRT of folate receptor-positive cancers in a personalized manner when using the voxel-based dosimetry method.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Low loss polypropylene-silicon composites for millimetre wave applications

Krupka, J.,Shakhil, P.G.,Arun, N.S.,Ratheesh, R.,Jantunen, H.,Kim, H.T.,Sebastian, M.T. Elsevier 2018 Materials research bulletin Vol.104 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Polypropylene-silicon composite laminates were fabricated via hot pressing and their dielectric properties up to 35 GHz were studied. The loss tangent was found to decrease with increasing frequency whereas an increasing trend of loss tangent has previously been reported in the literature for such composites. The decreasing trend of the loss tangent with frequency is due to the decreasing conductor loss of silicon (Si) and indicates the possibility for use in high frequency applications such as the Internet Of Things and 5 t h generation wireless communication. The composite containing 25 vol% of Si had a relative permittivity of 3.5 and a loss tangent of 0.001 at 35 GHz. The coefficient of thermal expansion and the thermal conductivity of 40 vol% Si loaded composites were 51 ppm/<SUP>o</SUP>C and 2.23 W/mK, respectively. The thermal conductivity of the composite increased by 163% and 913% for 25 and 40 vol% Si addition, respectively.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Developed polypropylene-silicon composite. </LI> <LI> The composite shows a decrease in loss tangent with increasing frequency. </LI> <LI> The composite is useful for high frequency applications such as Internet of Things and 5th Generation wireless communication. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Measurement of emission current and temperature profile of emissive probe materials using CO_2 LASER

Payal Mehta,Arun Sarma,Joydeep Ghosh,Shwetang Pandya,Santosh Pandya,Paritosh Choudhuri,J. Govindarajan,C. Ionita Schrittwieser,Roman Schrittwieser 한국물리학회 2011 Current Applied Physics Vol.11 No.5

Emissive probes have been used for the direct measurement of plasma potential in many plasma devices. Different approaches have been introduced to measure the plasma potential using emissive probes. But the biggest disadvantage of the emissive probe is short life span due to its self-arrangement and different plasma environment. Few initiations have been made to measure plasma potential by using LASER heated emissive probe. In case of LASER heated emissive probe, mostly graphite and LaB_6 are being used as probe tip to emit electrons by heating with LASER light. However, very little studies have been done to understand the mechanism of heating process of the LaB_6 and graphite materials. The complete heating dynamics of these materials, heated by a CW CO_2 LASER with a maximum 55Wpower have been studied in this work. In-situ temperature of the probe tip has been measured by using an IR camera. Complete theoretical and simulated model have been developed to understand the experimentally measured data. Further, the experimental results are compared with ANSYS simulations. The emission current from the probe with respect to the bias voltage applied to the probe has also been measured.