고온 환경에서의 운동 시 서로 다른 수분 보충이 엘리트 운동선수들의 염증성 사이토카인 반응 및 면역 기능에 미치는 영향

백일영 ( Il Young Paik ),윤두상 ( Doo Sang Yun ),서상훈 ( Sang Hoon Suh ),노희태 ( Hee Tae Roh ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2011 체육과학연구 Vol.22 No.3

이 연구의 목적은 고온 환경에서의 운동 시 단순 수분 및 스포츠 음료를 통한 수분 보충이 엘리트 운동선수들의 호르몬 변화, 염증성 사이토카인 반응 및 면역 기능에 미치는 영향을 규명하는데 있다. 연구의 대상은 엘리트 운동선수 10명으로 하였으며, 4가지 실험 처치 조건에서 75%HRR 운동 강도로 60분간 트레드밀 달리기를 실시하였다: 1) 적정 환경에서 운동 처치 조건(TE), 2) 고온 환경에서 운동 처치 조건(HE), 3) 고온환경에서 운동 시 물 섭취 처치 조건(HW), 4) 고온 환경에서 운동 시 스포츠음료 섭취 처치 조건(HS). 기후조건은 인공기후실을 이용하여 적정 환경은 온도 18℃, 상대습도 50%로 설정하였으며, 고온 환경은 온도 32℃, 상대습도 50%로 설정하였다. 수분 보충은 물 또는 스포츠음료를 이용하여 고온 환경에서 운동 처치 조건(HE)의 운동 전, 후 체중 차와 동일한 양을 구강 투여하였다. 채혈은 안정 시, 운동 직후, 회복 60분 시점에서 실시하였다. 연구결과, 운동 직후 시점에서 epinephrine은 HE 처치가 다른 세 처치(TE, HW, HS)보다 유의하게 높았으며(p<.05), norepinephrine은 HE 처치가 TE 처치보다 유의하게 높았다(p<.05). IL-6는 운동 직후 시점에서 HE 처치가 TE 처치보다 유의하게 높았다(p<.05). TNF-α는 TE 처치를 제외한 세 처치(HE, HW, HS)에서 운동 직후 유의하게 증가하였다(p<.05). T-cell은 TE 처치를 제외한 세 처치(HE, HW, HS)에서 운동 직후 유의하게 증가하였으며(p<.05), HE 처치가 TE 처치보다 유의하게 높았다(p<.05). NK-cell은 운동 직후 시점에서 HE 처치가 TE 처치보다 유의하게 높았다(p<.05). Neutrophil은 HE 처치의 경우 운동 직후 시점에서 유의하게 증가하였다(p<.05). Lymphocyte는 TE와 HE 처치에서 운동 직후 유의하게 증가하였다(p<.05). Monocyte는 운동 직후 시점에서 HE 처치가 TE 처치보다 유의하게 높았다(p<.05). 이상의 결과를 종합하면, 고온 환경에서의 운동은 적정 환경에서의 운동 시보다 카테콜아민과 염증성 사이토카인의 분비를 증가시켜 면역기능에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 고온 환경에서의 운동 시 수분 보충은 탈수와 열적 스트레스를 경감시켜 면역기능의 부정적 영향을 완화시킬 수 있음을 시사한다. The purpose of the current research was to investigate the effects of body fluid replacement by water or sport drinks on the hormonal, inflammatory cytokine and immune responses during exercise in high ambient temperature. The subjects of the current research were 10 elite athletes. The subjects were asked to perform treadmill running at 75%HRR for 60 minutes in four different conditions, controlled by the environmental chamber: 1) thermoneutral environment (TE), 2) high ambient temperature environment (HE), 3) high ambient temperature environment and body fluid replacement by water (HW), and 4) high ambient temperature environment and body fluid replacement by sport drink(HS). Ambient temperature and relative humidity were set at 18℃ and 50%, respectively, for the theromoneutral environment, and 32℃ and 50% for the high ambient temperature environment. The amount of fluid replaced during two different fluid replacing conditions (HW and HS) were equivalent to the difference in body weight between pre and post completion of the running in HE. The defined amounts of the fluids were administered orally with separations during the exercise trials. Blood samples were taken at rest, at immediately after exercise, and at 60-minute of recovery. For catecholamine responses, the level of epinephrine immediately after exercise appeared to be significantly higher in HE compared to the other treatment conditions (p<.05), while the level of norepinephrine appeared to be significantly higher in HE compared to TE (p<.05). For cytokine responses, the level of IL-6 immediately after exercise appeared to be significantly higher in HE compared to TE (p<.05) while the levels of TNF-α were shown to significantly increase at immediately after exercise in all treatment conditions except TE (p<.05). For immune responses, the levels of T-cell were shown to significantly increase at immediately after exercise in all treatment conditions except TE (p<.05), and the level appeared to be significantly higher in HE compared to TE (p<.05); the level of NK-cell appeared to be higher at immediately after exercise in HE compare to TE (p<.05); the level of neutrophil was shown to significantly increase at immediately after exercise in HE (p<.05); the levels of lymphocyte were shown to significantly increase in TE and HE at immediately after exercise (p<.05); and the level of monocyte appeared to be significantly higher in HE compared to TE at immediately after exercise (p<.05). On the base of the results of the current study, it is suggested that exercise in high ambient temperature can induce increase responses of catecholamines and cytokines which may negatively influence on immune functions. Body fluid replacements during exercise in high ambient temperature, however, can attenuate the negative consequences of thermal stress on immune functions by preventing dehydration and reducing thermal stress.

고교 축구선수의 경기 후 회복방법의 차이가 혈중 염증, 근 손상 및 피로 지표에 미치는 영향

백승훈(Seung Hoon Paik),백일영(Il Young Paik),서상훈(Sang Hoon Suh),조수연(Su Youn Cho),노희태(Hee Tae Roh) 한국사회체육학회 2014 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.56

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of different recovery treatments on serum inflammation, muscle damage and fatigue variables after a game of soccer players in high school. The subjects of current study were 10 soccer players in high school without any medical complications. All subjects received both recovery treatments (contrast bath and massage) for once and a control application; therefore, all underwent 3 experimental conditions. Blood sampling taken at rest, at immediately after the match, and at 60 minutes recovery. From the three blood samples, the parameters of inflammation and fatigue were analyzed. Additional blood sampling was taken at 24 hours recovery for the analysis of the long term effect of the applications on the parameters of muscle damage. The concentration of interleukin-6(IL-6), creatine kinase(CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and lactate were shown to significantly increase at immediately after the match in all experimental conditions(p<.05). For inflammation responses the concentration of IL-6 60min recovery appeared to be significantly lower in contrast bath and massage treatments compared to control treatment(p<.05). Also, for muscle damages the concentration of CK 24h recovery appeared to be significantly lower in massage treatment compared to contrast bath and control treatments(p<.05). On the base of the results of the current study, it is suggested that soccer match can induce increased concentrations of IL-6, CK, LDH and lactate which may influence on inflammation, muscle damage and fatigue. However, contrast bath and massage were beneficial for recovery from muscle damage.

SHOTCRETE 配合設計에 關한 實驗的 硏究

白榮植,金一憲,張喜相 慶熙大學校 1984 論文集 Vol.13 No.-

A series of laboratory test is performed to determine the optimum shotcrete mix design. Engineering properties of various cements and aggregates are tested. Using the results obtained in the tests, the standard concrete mix design can be obtained. Compatibility of cements and accelerators is also investigated by comparing the compress strength of shotcrete specimens with various types and contents of accelerators. Finally, a recommended shotcrete mix design is suggested for practical use in field.

식이단백질의 종류에 따른 인체의 질소 배설에 관한 연구

이일은,백희영 淑明女子大學校 生活科學硏究所 1988 論文集 Vol.2 No.1

The present study was conducted to examine the effect of proteins from different sources on nitrogen excrection in six healthy Korean young fermale adults. The subjects were given meat protein diet (MPD) for five days and soy protein diet (SPD) for subsequent five days. 1900Cal and 70∼80g of protein were supplied daily. urinary and fecal samples were collected for the last two days of each diet period and were analyzed for nitrogen content and urinary creatinine content. Apparent nitrogen absorption and nitrogen balance were calculated to evaluate nutritional values of the proteins The results were as following: 1) Mean daily urinary N excretion was 7.35±1.82g for MPD and 6.78±0.44g for SPD. The difference between the two experimental periods was not significant(p>0.05) 2) Mean daily fecal N excretion was 0.85±0.19g for MPD and 1.39±0.40g for SPD comprising 7.49±0.64%, 10.45±1.13% of N intake, respectively. The difference between the two experimental periods was significant (p<0.05). 3) The apparent digestibility of protein was 92.52±0.641% for MPD and 89.55±1.13% for SPD and the difference was significant (p<0.05). 4) Mean daily N balance was 3.14±0.71g for MPD and 5.02±0.16g for SPD. All subjects showed positive balance and the difference was significant (p<0.05). 5) N retention rate was 27.66±6.86% for MPD and 37.81±1.34% for SPD and the difference was not significant. 6) Mean daily urinary excretion of creatinine was 1.01±0.20g for MPD and 0.99±0.09g for SPD and the difference was not significant. From these results, both MPD and SPD seem to be sufficient to meet the N requirement of subjects. Apparent digestibility of SPD was signiticantly lower than MPD, and it is considered to be due to higher fiber content of SPD. Otherwise, N utilization of the two diets appears to be similar.

側面計測女兒顔貌構成要素의 6歲以後2年間變化에 關한 硏究

이영혜,文赫秀,白大日,金鍾培 대한구강보건학회 2003 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.27 No.2

The purpose of this study was to obtain data relating to the growth and developmental patterns of faces in Korean female students during two years after six years of age, which were necessary to design the models for estimating the growth and developmental patterns of faces. Since forty two cephalometric measurements representing lateral facial pattern were measured on the lateral radiograms of 210 six year old girls resding in yeon Cheon-Gun county, Kyungki-Do province in 1995, they were longitudinally measured each year until the year 1997. Accoriding to the profile classification criteria reported by Lee and Moon, the profile of 210 six year-old students were classified into seven profile groups. During the two years after six years of age since 1995, the changed forty two cephlometiic measurements representing the growth and development of lateral facial pattern were discussed respectively in the seven profile groups. The obtained conclusions were as follows: 1. Cd-Pog Cd-Gn Ar-LIE Ar-Id Go-LIE Go-LIE Go-Pog and Ba-Pog distances were continued to increase each year after six years of age in all female seven profile group(P<0.01). 2. UIE-UIA/Cd-Or UIE-UIA/PNS-ANS and UIA-UIE/N-A angles were continued to increase each year, but GoI-Me/UIA-UIE angles were continued to decrease each year after six years of age in all female seven profile groups(P<0.01). 3. Sixteen lateral facial pattern composing angle and twenty six lateral facial pattern composing distance had statistially significant differences among seven profile groups at each year. 4. The distance change of PNS-ANS and Sd-Id per 10㎜ per 2years per 10㎜ during 2years had statistically signficant differences among seven profile groups, unlike any other lateral facial pattern composing distance change per 10㎜ per 2years.

한국 어린이와 성인의 표준잇솔규격개발에 관한 연구

이원재,이병진,배광학,김영수,노정,문혁수,백대일,김종배 대한구강보건학회 2003 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.27 No.4

Purpose of this study was to obtain basic anatomical data for developing optimal toothbrush which is appropriate for Koreans Dental study models were examined by measuring the length from labial midline of deciduous canine to distal surface of deciduous second molar, from labial midline of permanent canine to distal surface of second premolar, from mesial surface permanent first molar to distal surface of permanent second molar, cervico-incisal length of deciduous central incisor, cervico-incisal length of permanent central incisor, from mesiobuccal cusp of deciduous maxillary second molar to mesiolingual cusp of deciduous maxillary second molar, from mesiobuccal cusp of permanent maxillary first molar to mesiolingual cusp of permanent maxillary first molar, from distolinual cusp of deciduous mandibular second molar to mesiolingual cusp of deciduous mandibular second molar, from mesiobuccal cusp of permanent mandibular first molar to mesiolingual cusp of permanent mandiblar second molar in 241 subjects. And the width of right hand was examined on each subjects by measuring the length of landmarks which were selected in handwrist X-ray film. Commercial toothbrushes sold in Korea were collected and the head length, head width, bristle length and handle length of toothbrushes were measured. The obtained results were as follows; 1. The head length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged 6 to 8 was less than 21.8 mm. The head width length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged 6 to 8 was less than 8.4 mm. The bristle length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged 6 to 8 was more than 5.7 mm. The handle length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged 6 to 8 was more than 84.3 mm. 2. The head length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged 9 to 11 was less than 20.4 mm. The head width length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged 9 to 11 was less than 8.4 mm. The bristle length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged 9 to 11 was more than 9.3 mm. The handle length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged 9 to 11 was more than 95.2 mm. 3. The head length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged over 12 was less than 25.5 mm. The head width length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged over 12 was less than 8.6 mm. The bristle length of toothbrush which wee appropriate for Koreans aged over 12 was more than 9.6 mm. The handle length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged over 12 was more than 101.1 mm. 4. Some toothbrush for children was not appropriate because of its big size, and toothbrush sells in Korea must be diversified for appropriate selection.

The Effect of Prunus Mume Supplementation on Energy Substrate Levels and Fatigue Induction Factors

Il-Young Paik(백일영),Woe-Ryong Chang(장외룡),Yi-Sub Kwak(곽이섭),Su-Youn Cho(조수연),Hwa-Eun Jin(진화은) 한국생명과학회 2010 생명과학회지 Vol.20 No.1

이상의 연구결과를 종합해볼 때, 매실투여로 인해 젖산, 암모니아, 무기인산과 같은 피로물질의 축적은 감소되고, 혈중 글루코스 수치는 감소한 반면 유리지방산 농도는 증가했다. 피로는 일반적으로 피로물질의 축적과 에너지기질의 고갈로 인해 발생한다. 매실에 포함되어 있는 citric acid는 피로회복의 역할로 가장 널리 알려져 있으며, 본 연구를 통해 매실 섭취가 운동이 진행됨에 따라 산성화되어 가는 인체를 약알칼리로 유지하게 하여 pH 감소를 억제함으로 혈중 피로물질들의 낮은 농도를 가져온 것으로 보인다. 또한 글리코겐 결핍이 citric acid cycle 중간물들의 고갈을 통한 피로 발전과 연관되어질 수 있는데, 매실에 함유된 citric acid가 글리코겐 고갈을 지연시키고 반면에 유리지방산을 많이 사용하게 함으로 피로물질의 적은 축적을 가져온 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 매실이 운동 시 발생하는 에너지 기질 이용과 혈중 피로물질들의 축적에 긍정적인 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 매실이 운동에 미치는 영향을 검증하기 위해 매실만을 투여하였으며, 매실 섭취가 운동에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 결론을 얻었으므로 운동 시 다양하게 적용할 수 있으리라 기대할 수 있다. 그러나 본 연구에서 사용한 매실투여량과 다른 매실투여 관련 연구들 및 시중에서 판매되는 매실음료의 함량 사이에는 차이가 발생한다. 이에 매실의 최적의 효과를 위한 투여량이 결정될 필요가 있으며 이와 관련된 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다. 또한, 매실이 에르고제닉 에이드로써 활용되기 위해서 다양한 운동 및 훈련 조건에서의 과학적 자료가 확립될 필요가 있다고 본다. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of Prunus mume supplementation on changes of energy substrate (glucose, FFA) and fatigue factors (lactate, ammonia, phosphorous) in the performance of exercise. The subjects of this study were 15 male university students. The exercise test was performed for 30 minutes at 75% VO₂max on the treadmill and conducted both before and after administering Prunus mume for 6 weeks. Through Prunus mume supplemntation, the accumulation of such fatigue factors as lactate, ammonia, and phosphorous along with concentration of glucuse decreased, but the concentration of FFA increased. From the study, it can be seen that Prunus mume plays a positive role for the use of energy substrates and accumulated fatigue factors.

Effects of the NADPH Oxidase p22phox C242 Polymorphism on Endurance Exercise Performance and Oxidative DNA Damage in Response to Aerobic Exercise Training

Il-Young Paik,Chan-Ho Jin,Hwa-Eun Jin,김영일,조수연,Hee-Tae Roh,Ah-Ram Suh,서상훈 한국분자세포생물학회 2009 Molecules and cells Vol.27 No.5

We examined the effects of the NADPH oxidase p22phox C242T polymorphism on endurance exercise performance and oxidative DNA damage in response to acute and chronic exercises. One hundred three subjects were recruited, among which 26 healthy subjects (CC: 12, TC: 12, and TT: 2) were studied during rest, exercise at 85% VO2max, and recovery before and after 8 weeks of treadmill running. Lymphocyte DNA damage increased significantly in response to exercise (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in plasma MDA, SOD concentrations and lymphocyte DNA damage between CC genotype and T allele group, but significant endurance training differences were observed. Endurance training increased exercise time to exhaustion in both the CC genotype and T allele groups (p < 0.05) but no significant difference was found between groups. The results of the current study with young, healthy, Korean men are interpreted to mean that 1) the majority had the CC genotype of the NADPH oxidase p22phox C242T polymorphism (82.5%: CC, 15.5%: TC, 1.9%: TT), 2) acute exercise increased lymphocyte DNA damage, 3) endurance training significantly increased exercise time to exhaustion, and alleviated lymphocyte DNA damage, and 4) The NADPH oxidase p22phox C242T polymorphism, however, did not alter lymphocyte DNA damage or exercise performance at rest, immediately after exercise, or during recovery.

Enhanced PTCR Characteristics of 0.95BaTiO[sub 3]-0.05(Bi[sub 0.5]Na[sub 0.5])TiO[sub 3] Ceramics Fabricated by Modified Synthesis Process

Jeong, Young Hun,Kim, Chul-Min,Kim, Chang-Il,Cho, Yong Soo,Lee, Young-Jin,Paik, Jong-Hoo,Lee, Wu-Young,Kim, Dae-Jun The Electrochemical Society 2011 Journal of the Electrochemical Society Vol.158 No.2

이 달의 영상 : 내시경 점막절제술로 제거된 Epstein-Barr Virus 음성 위 수질암 1예

권영일 ( Young Il Kwon ),이오영 ( Oh Young Lee ),백승삼 ( Seung Sam Paik ) 대한소화기학회 2012 대한소화기학회지 Vol.59 No.4