Nicotine Suppresses TNF-${\alpha}$ Expression in Human Fetal Astrocyte through the Modulation of Nuclear Factor-${\kappa}B$ Activation

Son, Il-Hong,Park, Yong-Hoon,Yang, Hyun-Duk,Lee, Sung-Ik,Han, Sun-Jung,Lee, Jai-Kyoo,Ha, Dae-Ho,Kang, Hyung-Won,Park, Joo-Young,Lee, Sung-Soo The Korean Society of Toxicogenomics and Toxicopro 2008 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.4 No.2

Parkinson's disease (PD) progresses severely by a gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Epidemiological studies showed that the incidences of PD were reduced by smoking of which the major component, nicotine might be neuroprotective. But the function of nicotine, which might suppress the incidences of PD, is still unknown. Fortunately, recently it was reported that a glial reaction and inflammatory processes might participate in a selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the SN. The levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ synthesised by astrocytes and microglia are elevated in striatum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in PD. TNF-${\alpha}$ kills the cultured dopaminergic neurons through the apoptosis mechanism. TNF-${\alpha}$ release from glial cells may mediate progression of nigral degeneration in PD. Nicotine pretreatment considerably decreases microglial activation with significant reduction of TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA expression and TNF-${\alpha}$ release induced by lipopholysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Thus, this study was intended to explore the role of nicotine pretreatment to inhibit the expressions of TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA in human fetal astrocytes (HFA) stimulated with IL-$1{\beta}$. The results are as follows: HFA were pretreated with 0.1, 1, and $10{\mu}g/mL$ of nicotine and then stimulated with IL-$1{\beta}$ (100 pg/mL) for 2h. The inhibitory effect of nicotine on expressions of TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA in HFA with pretreated $0.1{\mu}g/mL$ of nicotine was first noted at 8hr, and the inhibitory effect was maximal at 12 h. The inhibitory effect at $1{\mu}g/mL$ of nicotine was inhibited maximal at 24 h. Cytotoxic effects of nicotine were noted above $10{\mu}g/mL$ of nicotine. Moreover, Nicotine at 0.1, 1 and $10{\mu}g/mL$concentrations significantly inhibited IL-$1{\beta}$-induced TF-${\kappa}B$ activation. Collectively, these results indicate that in activated HFA, nicotine may inhibit the expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA through the pathway which suppresses the NF-${\kappa}B$ activation. This study suggests that nicotine might be neuroprotective to dopaminergic neurons in the SN and reduce the incidences of PD.

골수이식 후 골밀도 및 골대사의 변화 : 2년 추적관찰 2-Year Prospective Study

이원영,강무일,오은숙,오기원,한제호,손현식,윤건호,차봉연,이광우,손호영,강성구,신완식,민우성,김춘추 대한내분비학회 2000 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.15 No.4·5

골수이식 후 사이토카인과 골교체 생화학적표지자의 변화 및 상관관계

민우성,강무일,한제호,강성구,오기원,이원영,김혜수,문성대,손현식,신완식,김춘추,윤건호,차봉연,이광우,손호영 대한내분비학회 2000 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.15 No.1

Background : Loss of bone mass is usually detected after BMT. The causes of bone loss are related with gonadal dysfunction and immunosuppressants. Cytokines, especially IL-6, play an important role in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, the pathogenetic role of cytokines in post-BMT bone loss is unknown and data on the changes of cytokines in accordance with bone turnover markers are scarce. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship of bone turnover markers and cytokines of peripheral blood and bone marrow before and after allogeneic BMT. Methods : This prospective study included two analyses. The first was a study of 46 BMT recipients, examining the relationship between bone turnover markers and cytokines of serum which were measured before and 1, 2, 3, 4 week and 3 months after BMT. The second was a study of 14 BMT patients, measuring bone marrow plasma cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-? at post-BMT 3 week and bone turnover marker at the same time to assess the relationship beween two parameters. Results : Serum ICTP, bone resorption marker, increased progressively until 4 weeks (peak) after BMT and then decreased thereafter. Serum osteocalcin, bone formation marker, decreased progressively until 3 weeks after BMT and then increased thereafter. There was positive correlation between serum ICTP and bone marrow IL-6 levels at the post-BMT 3 week with a statistical significance, but the correlation between bone turnover markers and bone marrow TNF-? or peripheral blood cytokines was not found. Conclusion : Our data suggest that the progressive increase of bone resorption after BMT is related with the increase of bone marrow IL-6, which is a potent stimulator of bone resorption in vivo(J Kor Soc Endocrinol 15:85-96, 2000).

동종골수이식 후 발생한 비갑상선질환 증후군에서 사이토카인의 혈청 농도의 변화 및 비갑상선질환 증후군이 이식 후 예후에 미치는 영향

안병영,이광우,민우성,손형선,손호영,차봉연,강무일,윤건호,강성구,오기원,이원영,손현식,신완식,김춘추 대한내분비학회 2000 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.15 No.2

Background : Alteration of thyroid hormone parameters are frequently observed in sick patients and commonly known as nonthyroidal illness syndrome(NTIS) or euthyroid sick syndrome(ESS). NTIS is seen in starvation, surgery, severe illness, and also bone marrow transplantation(BMT). The degree of reduction in thyroid hormone parameters correlated with the severity of NTIS and might predict the prognosis of underlying illness. Recently, particular attention is focused on the role of cytokines in developing the NTIS. This prospective study was designed to assess the relationship of serum thyroid hormone parameters and serum cytokine levels before and in the short-term follow-up after allogeneic BMT in order to predict patients outcome. Methods : Included 80 patients that were mainly leukemia and severe aplastic anemia. Serum thyroid hormone parameters and serum cytokine levels were measured before and 7, 14, 21, 28 days and 3, and 6 months after BMT. Results : Near-all patients experienced significant decrease of thyroid hormone levels and also significant increase of cytokine levels after BMT. After post-BMT 3 weeks, the serum cytokine levels were negatively correlated with the serum T3 and T4 levels, but not with the serum TSH levels. The patients treated with high-dose steroid or total-body irradiation tended to show lower levels of TSH and more delayed recovery compared to non-treated patients. The patients died after BMT represented generally lower levels of all thyroid hormone parameters than survival patients during entire follow-up period. Conclusion : Development of NTIS is associated with higher probability of fatal outcome after BMT and has prognostic relationship in this group of patients. Increased levels of cytokines, especially IL-6 and TNF-?, are often found in post-BMT NTIS patients and correlated with the changes in the levels of thyroid hormone parameters(J Kor Soc Endocrinol 15:214-225, 2000).

초음파 기구에 의한 치근단 와동형성후 역충전의 밀폐성에 대한 연구

이형일,손호현 大韓齒科保存學會 1993 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.18 No.1

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate and compare the apical leakage in the following retrofil- ling techniques after apical resection ; No apical cavity preparation and no retrofilling(control group), Amalgam(group I) or silver glass ionomer cement(group II) retrofilling after apical cavity preparation with mini contra-angle and bur, Amalgam(group III) or silver glass ionomer cement(group IV) retrofilling after apical cavity preparation with ultrasonic micro endo tip.Extracted ninety upper anterior and lower canine teeth were fixed in skull simulators and root canals were prepared with step-back method and obturated with gutta-percha and zinc oxide eugenol sealer. Obturated roots were resected 2mm from apical ends and apical cavities of 1mm width and 2mm depth were prepared and retrofilled by above mentioned methods.After application of nail varnish on all surface except resected surface, apical 1/3 of the roots were placed in 1% methylene blue solution for 3 days. After longutudinal sectioning to expose central parts of filled materials, depths of penetrated dye were measured by measu- ring microscope and were analyzed statistically.The results were as follows. 1. Having no relation with instruments used in apical cavity preparation, amalgam retrofilling groups(group I and II) showed less apical leakage which was not significant statistically than no retrofilling group(control group) (P<0.05), but silver glass ionomer cement retrofi- lling gruoups(group II and W) showed significantly less apical leakage than no retrofilling group(control group) (P<0. Ol). 2. In the groups retrofilled with the same material, the apical leakage in cavities prepared with ultrasonic micro endo tip(group III and IV) was less than that in cavities prepared with mini contra-angle and bur(group I and II), but not significant statistically (P>0.05). 3. When apical cavities were prepared with same instrument, the egroups retrofilled with silver glass ionomer cement(group II and IV) showed significantly less apical leakage than the groups retrofilled with amalgam (group I and III.).

Detection of benzalkonium chloride on glass surfaces using silver nanoparticles

Nguyễn Hoàng Ly,Phuong-Dong Nguyen,Sang Jun Son,이철민,Soonmin Jang,주상우,Kyungjoo Kim,Jiseon Choi,Ye-eun Joo,Jung Il Lee 대한화학회 2022 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.43 No.2

Raman reporter-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been used to investigate the detection of one member of a class of the cationic surfactant quaternary ammonium compounds, alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, also known as benzalkonium chloride (BAC). For this study, SERS was performed using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Density functional theory (DFT) of BAC on Ag6 clusters was introduced to estimate binding at the level of the B3LYP/LANL2DZ basis sets. As the chain length increased from n = 8 to 18, the binding energies were expected to increase by 2.1 kcal/mol. Methylene blue (MB) Raman reporter molecules were subsequently treated on BAC thin-film-covered glass surfaces. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images were used to determine the coverage of BAC on the glass, and field-emission electron microscope (FE-SEM) images revealed the surface morphologies of the SERS substrates. A standard calibration curve was prepared to quantify BAC within a concentration range of 0.0036805 to 36?805?ppm (r2?≥?0.99), according to the BAC-correlated SERS intensities of MB Raman peaks at ~1620?cm?1 adsorbed on AgNPs. A molecular dynamics (MD) simulation supported strong adsorption of BAC on glass surfaces.

리튬 이온 이차전지를 위한 부극용 Si 특성에 관한 연구

김성호,이상헌,박일현,김민철,우태욱,손영국 부산대학교 생산기술연구소 2000 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.59 No.-

리튬이온이차전지의 부극으로 Si를 사용하였다. 부극용 Si전극을 1회 충방전 시 Li이온이 탈 삽입될 때 각각의 전압에서 XRD 회절분석을 통하여 Li이온이 이동하여 Si와 반응하는 것을 조사하였다. 순환전압전류 및 충방전 시험을 통하여 전기 화학적 특성을 측정해본 결과 부극으로써 Si의 산화환원 반응이 양호하게 이루어졌으며 충방전에 대한 cycle number가 증가할수록 비가역적인 산화환원반응 및 부피변화로 인해 싸이클 특성 감소함을 나타내었다. Si with anode is used Li ion secondary batteries During Li ion intercalating at first cycle, XRD analysis studies at others voltages showed that Li ions are moved and reacted to Si The electrochemical properties of Si anode materials were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and charge/discharge test. With cycle number increasing, cyclic characteristics are decreased for irreversible reduction/oxidation and volume change.

조혈모세포이식술이 골수기질세포의 기원 및 조골세포로의 증식 및 분화에 미치는 효과

강무일,조성원,오은숙,백기현,이원영,오기원,김혜수,한제호,윤건호,차봉연,이광우,손호영,강성구,김춘추 대한내분비학회 2000 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.15 No.4·5

경찰공무원의 건강체력 실태

노성규,손호중,고성은,엄경일,권호준 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所 2003 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.26

The purpose of this study is to suggest basic data to make out the program about the health and promotion of physical fitness. So, we measured the status of the present police officers physical fitness through measuring their height, weight, %body fat, and healthy physical fitness and through comparing it with popular physical fitness survey data in an age. The conclusion that compared and analyzed the measuring result of the height, weight, and the element of healthy physical fitness of 143 police officers in G province is following First, Their height, weight, board jumping and VO2max is seemed to be high as compared with the standard. Second, %Body fat is closely similar with the standard. Third, The flexibility and sit-up is seemed to standard below By this time, it is true that the study of the superiority players evaluation of physical fitness is developing in our country. But, the study of the physical fitness evaluation about non-player, that is general person has been neglected in korea. So, it is not very enough the study and developing program for the improving the general person's physical fitness. Therefore, It should make the spacial study of the various physical fitness of korean in an occupation, a sex and age. And then, the special exercise program that can satisfy the various needs of today 'men is needed. Also, it should make the vertical study for the improvement of physical strength in vocational classification. Also, the government and office should invest institutional effort to help the police officer' health and welfare. Police officers also have to learn themselves the efficient and continuous exercise habit to be happy with health in considering their own physical condition. And then, the prescription of the exercise program about the result must come with.

점포내 VMD요소가 SPA 브랜드 정체성에 미치는 영향

김소영, 손지훈, 심효진, 신동훈, 정일호, 홍동우, 김은영 충북대학교 생활과학연구소 2013 생활과학연구논총 Vol.17 No.2

This study was to examine the effect of VMD factors on brand identity for SPA brands. As brand stimulus, four SPA brands(e.g., Basic House, Codes combine, Uniqlo, Zara) were selected by pretest. For collecting data, a self-administered questionnaire was developed based on the literatures and intercept survey was conducted. A total 508 usable responses were obtained from consumers who shopped at the selected brands' stores. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and regression analysis were used. As perceived by consumers, VMD consisted of seven factors: lightening, scent, color, layout, music, window display, and item presentation. The VMD factor was significantly related to brand identity for the SPA brands. Specifically, brand awareness was predicted by color, layout and item presentation; brand association strength was predicted by color, layout, and widow display; favorable brand association was predicted by item presentation; salience of brand association was predicted by color and music; and brand image association was predicted by color, layout, music, and item presentation. Thus, this study discussed a managerial implication for SPA retailers to develop a visual merchandising strategy in the competitive marketplace.