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The Potency of Abamectin Formulations against the Pine Wood Nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
Jong-won Lee(Jong-won Lee),Abraham Okki Mwamula(Abraham Okki Mwamula ),Jae-hyuk Choi(Jae-hyuk Choi),Ho-wook Lee(Ho-wook Lee),Yi Seul Kim(Yi Seul Kim),Jin-Hyo Kim(Jin-Hyo Kim),Dong Woon Lee(Dong Woon L 한국식물병리학회 2023 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.39 No.3
Abamectin offers great protection against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, a well-known devastating pathogen of pine tree stands. Trunk injection of nematicides is currently the most preferred method of control. This study aimed to evaluate the potency of the commonly used formulations of abamectin against B. xylophilus. Twenty-one formulations of abamectin were evaluated by comparing their sublethal toxicities and reproduction inhibition potentials against B. xylophilus. Nematodes were treated with diluted formulation concentrations in multi-well culture plates. And, populations pre-exposed to pre-determined concentrations of the formulations were inoculated onto Botrytis cinerea culture, and in pine twig cuttings. Potency was contrastingly different among formulations, with LC95 of 0.00285 and 0.39462 mg/ml for the most, and the least potent formulation, respectively. Paralysis generally occurred at an application dose of 0.06 μg/ ml or higher, and formulations with high sublethal toxicities caused significant paralysis levels at the tested doses, albeit the variations. Nematode reproduction was evident at lower doses of 0.00053-0.0006 μg/ml both on Botrytis cinerea and pine twigs, with significant variations among formulations. Thus, the study highlighted the inconsistencies in the potency of similar product formulations with the same active ingredient concentration against the target organism, and the need to analyze the potential antagonistic effects of the addi-tives used in formulations.
Strain characterization of the Korean CWD cases in 2001 and 2004.
Lee, Yoon-Hee,Sohn, Hyun-Joo,Kim, Min-Jeong,Kim, Hyo-Jin,Lee, Won-Yong,Yun, Eun-Im,Tark, Dong-Seob,Cho, In-Soo,Balachandran, Aru The Society ; Maruzen Co. [distributor] 2013 The Journal of veterinary medical science Vol.75 No.1
<P>Chronic wasting disease (CWD) has been recognized as a naturally occurring prion disease in North American deer (Odocoileus species), Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) and moose (Alces alces). The disease was confirmed only in elk in the Republic of Korea in 2001, 2004 and 2005. Epidemiological investigations showed that CWD was introduced via importation of infected elk from Canada between 1994 and 1997. In spite of the increasing geographic distribution and host range of CWD, little is known about the prion strain (s) responsible for distinct outbreaks of the disease. We carried out strain characterization, using transgenic mice overexpressing elk prion protein, including clinical assessment, pathological examination and biochemical analyses, in brain tissues derived following primary through tertiary transmissions. The final incubation period was shortened to approximately 130 dpi due to adaptation. Biochemical profiles remained identical between passages. Lesion profiling in recipient mice brains showed similar patterns of vacuolation scores and intensity. It is clear that there were no biochemical or histopathological differences in Korean CWD cases in 2001 and 2004, suggesting a single strain was responsible for the outbreaks.</P>
Lee, Sae-Won,Jeong, Han-Kyul,Lee, Ji-Young,Yang, Jimin,Lee, Eun Ju,Kim, Su-Yeon,Youn, Seock-Won,Lee, Jaewon,Kim, Woo Jean,Kim, Kyu-Won,Lim, Jeong Mook,Park, Jong-Wan,Park, Young-Bae,Kim, Hyo-Soo WILEY-VCH Verlag 2012 EMBO molecular medicine Vol.4 No.9
<P>Hypoxic microenvironment plays an important role in determining stem cell fates. However, it is controversial to which direction between self-renewal and differentiation the hypoxia drives the stem cells. Here, we investigated whether a short exposure to hypoxia (termed ‘hypoxic-priming’) efficiently directed and promoted mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) to differentiate into vascular-lineage. During spontaneous differentiation of embryoid bodies (EBs), hypoxic region was observed inside EB spheroids even under normoxic conditions. Indeed, hypoxia-primed EBs more efficiently differentiated into cells of vascular-lineage, than normoxic EBs did. We found that hypoxia suppressed Oct4 expression via direct binding of HIF-1 to reverse hypoxia-responsive elements (rHREs) in the Oct4 promoter. Furthermore, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was highly upregulated in hypoxia-primed EBs, which differentiated towards endothelial cells in the absence of exogenous VEGF. Interestingly, this differentiation was abolished by the HIF-1 or VEGF blocking. <I>In vivo</I> transplantation of hypoxia-primed EBs into mice ischemic limb elicited enhanced vessel differentiation. Collectively, our findings identify that hypoxia enhanced ESC differentiation by HIF-1-mediated inverse regulation of Oct4 and VEGF, which is a novel pathway to promote vascular-lineage differentiation.</P>
Hyo Lee, Sang,Oh, Jae Min,Son, Jin Soo,Lee, Jung Won,Kim, Byung Soo,Khang, Gilson,Han, Dong Keun,Kim, Jae Ho,Lee, Hai Bang,Kim, Moon Suk Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 Journal of polymer science Part A, Polymer chemist Vol.47 No.21
<P>Polymerization of L-lactide (LA) was performed in the presence of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (CF<SUB>3</SUB>SO<SUB>3</SUB>H) via an activated monomer mechanism to synthesize various block copolymers composed of polyethyleneglycol (PEG) and poly(L-lactide) (PLLA). The PLLAs obtained had molecular weights close to theoretical values calculated from LA/PEG molar ratios and exhibited monomodal GPC curves. A <SUP>1</SUP>H NMR spectroscopic study showed that the LA carbonyl carbon signal exhibited a change in chemical shift to lower field, caused by electron delocalization of the carbonyl carbon by CF<SUB>3</SUB>SO<SUB>3</SUB>H. We successfully prepared PEG and PLLA block copolymers using this activated monomer mechanism. We concluded that synthesis proceeded by LA ring-opening polymerization caused by PEG in the presence of CF<SUB>3</SUB>SO<SUB>3</SUB>H to yield PEG and PLLA block copolymers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 5917–5922, 2009</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Polymerization of L-lactide by PEG as an initiator was performed in the presence of CF<SUB>3</SUB>SO<SUB>3</SUB>H as monomer activator. The hydroxyl end group of PEG attacked the carbonyl carbon of protonated LA rather than the PLLA carbonyl carbon, even though CF<SUB>3</SUB>SO<SUB>3</SUB>H can interact with the carbonyl carbon of both LA and PLLA. PEG and PLLA block copolymers successfully prepared by using activated monomer mechanism in the presence of CF<SUB>3</SUB>SO<SUB>3</SUB>H. <img src='wiley_img/0887624X-2009-47-21-POLA23638-gra001.gif' alt='wiley_img/0887624X-2009-47-21-POLA23638-gra001'> </P>
Won, Kyung-Jong,Lee, Kang Pa,Kim, Dong-Ku,Jung, Seung Hyo,Lee, Chang-Kwon,Lee, Dong Hyen,Yu, Su Yeol,Park, Se Hyung,Lee, Hwan Myung,Kim, Bokyung S. Karger AG 2013 Journal of vascular research Vol.50 No.3
<P>Abstract</P><P><B><I>Background:</I></B> This study was attempted to identify new molecules expressed on the plasma membrane of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) using monoclonal antibody-based proteomics technology and to determine the effect of the identified antibody on vascular reactivity. <B><I>Methods:</I></B> Twenty-two antibodies were developed from rats inoculated with HUVECs, and their effects were determined by observing vascular reactivity. <B><I>Results: </I></B>Among the 22 antibodies, the C-7 antibody significantly inhibited endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in response to acetylcholine (ACh) but not to histamine. Moreover, the C-7 antibody did not affect norepinephrine-induced contraction in either the endothelium-intact or -denuded aorta. A proteomics study involving immunoprecipitation of the C-7 antibody with biotinylated HUVECs showed that this antibody binds to plasma membrane proteins corresponding to immunoglobulin heavy chain (VHDJ region), chaperonin-containing T-complex polypeptide 1 and α-actinin 4. The muscarinic M3 ACh receptor and α-actinin 4 were colocalized on the plasma membrane of HUVECs, and the colocalization was found to increase in response to ACh and was inhibited by pretreatment with the C-7 antibody. <B><I>Conclusions: </I></B>These results demonstrate that monoclonal C-7 antibody exerts an inhibitory effect on endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation induced by ACh and that this response may at least partially result from the inhibition of α-actinin 4.</P><P>Copyright © 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel</P>
Studies on 5 Protein Fractions Prediction of Forage Legume Mixture by NIRS
Lee, Hyo-Won,Jang, Sungkwon,Lee, Hyo-Jin,Park, Hyung-Soo The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science 2014 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.34 No.3
This study was conducted to assess the feasibility of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) as a rapid and reliable method for the estimation of crude protein (CP) fractions in forage legume mixtures (sudangrass and pea mixture, and kidney bean and potato mixture). A total of 178 samples were collected and their spectral reflectance obtained in the range of 400~2,500 nm. Of these, 50 samples were selected for calibration and validation, and 35 samples were used for calibration of the data set, and the modified partial least square regression (MPLSR) analysis was performed. The correlation coefficient ($r^2$) and the standard error of cross-validation (SECV) of the calibration models in the CP fractions, A, B1, B2, B3, and C, were 0.94 (1.05), 0.92 (0.74), 0.96 (0.95), 0.91 (0.42), and 0.83 (0.38), respectively. Fifteen samples were used for equation validation, and the $r^2$ and the standard error of prediction (SEP) were 0.87 (1.45), 0.91 (0.49), 0.94 (1.13), 0.36 (0.96), and 0.74 (0.67), respectively. This study showed that NIRS could be an effective tool for the rapid and precise estimation of CP fractions in forage legume mixtures.
Optimal Sampling Times of Once Daily Gentamicin in Korean Patients with Urinary Tract Infections
( Hyo Jung Park ),( Kie Ho Sohn ),( Kyung Eob Choi ),( Sang Yup Shin ),( Sook In Jung ),( Won Sup Oh ),( Kyong Ran Peck ),( Jae Hoon Song ),( Suk Hyang Lee ) 한국응용약물학회 2003 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.11 No.3