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Jeoung, Hye-Young,Song, Dae-Sub,Jeong, Woo Seog,Lee, Won-Ha,Song, Jae-Young,An, Dong-Jun The Society ; Maruzen Co. [distributor] 2013 The Journal of veterinary medical science Vol.75 No.1
<P>A multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR) assay was developed for the simultaneous detection of canine distemper virus (CDV), canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) and canine influenza virus (CIV). These viral pathogens are all causative agents of canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD). The sensitivity and specificity of the mRT-PCR were determined by comparing it to a rapid antigen test (RAT) or immuno-chromatography test kit and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the detection of CDV, CRCoV and CIV antigens present in 100 clinical samples (nasal swabs and whole blood samples) from 50 dogs with respiratory disease symptoms. This study revealed that mRT-PCR had almost exactly the same performance or results were almost 100% in agreement with that of RT-PCR and RAT both in terms of the assay sensitivity and specificity which was more highly evident in detecting CIV, CDV and CRCoV antigens present in canine nasal swab samples. Therefore, this assay could be a better alternative for the definitive and simultaneous ante-mortem detection of the three viral pathogens that cause CIRD by using nasal swabs.</P>
Oem, Jae-Ku,Chung, Joon-Yee,Byun, Jae-Won,Kim, Ha-Young,Kwak, Dongmi,Jung, Byeong Yeal The Society ; Maruzen Co. [distributor] 2012 The Journal of veterinary medical science Vol.74 No.12
<P>A national serological survey of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) infection was conducted using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test. A total of 658 black goats of various breeds were sampled from 59 farms in three regions of Korea. The CAEV-positive goats were predominantly detected in the Southern region (n=17) as compared with the Northern (n=1) and Central regions (n=0) (χ(2)=6.26, P=0.044). Among 658 goats tested, 18 were positive in both ELISA and AGID, indicating a CAEV prevalence of 2.73% (95% confidence interval: 1.74-4.28). These results indicate that CAEV is present in Korean black goats.</P>
Establishment of a cell line persistently infected with chronic wasting disease prions.
Kim, Hyo-Jin,Tark, Dong-Seob,Lee, Yoon-Hee,Kim, Min-Jeong,Lee, Won-Yong,Cho, In-Soo,Sohn, Hyun-Joo,Yokoyama, Takashi The Society ; Maruzen Co. [distributor] 2012 The Journal of veterinary medical science Vol.74 No.10
<P>Elk prion protein (PrP(C)) has been confirmed to be capable of rendering rabbit epithelial RK13 cells permissive to temporal infection by chronic wasting disease (CWD) prions. The present study satisfactorily generated persistently CWD prion-affected RK13 cells (RKC1-11) using elk PrP(C) expressing cells (elkRK13) that were generated via the lentiviral expression system with high efficiency. The elkRK13 cells have been shown to be permissive to accumulation of abnormal isoforms of prion protein (PrP(Sc)) resulting from CWD prions up to 97 serial passages thus far. This novel prion-affected cell line will help facilitate investigation of the molecular basis of CWD prion pathogenesis and confirmation of CWD prion infectivity in vitro.</P>
Kang, Byeong-Teck,Son, Young-Don,Lee, Sang-Rae,Jung, Dong-In,Kim, Dong-Eog,Chang, Kyu-Tae,Cho, Zang-Hee,Park, Hee-Myung The Society ; Maruzen Co. [distributor] 2012 The Journal of veterinary medical science Vol.74 No.10
<P>The purpose of this study was to assess the normal distribution of (18)F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) uptake of canine brain structures using a high-resolution research tomography-positron emission tomography (HRRT-PET) and 7 T-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) fusion system. FDG-PET and T2-weighted MRI of the brain were performed on 4 healthy laboratory beagle dogs. On MRI, regions of interests (ROIs) were manually drawn over 51 intracranial structures, including nine gross structures and 42 detailed structures. Relative standard uptake value ratio (rSUV=SUV of ROI/SUV of whole brain) was calculated for each ROI. The HRRT-PET and 7 T-MRI fusion imaging system demonstrated significant differences in glucose metabolism among various intracranial structures. Among gross structures, the midbrain and the pons and medulla oblongata had the highest uptake (rSUV: 1.12 0.03) and lowest uptake (rSUV: 0.90 0.06) of FDG, respectively. When rSUVs were calculated on detailed regions, the caudal colliculus and the longitudinal fibers of pons had the highest (rSUV: 1.62 0.05) and the lowest (rSUV: 0.63 0.03) glucose metabolism, respectively. Because the high resolution of PET-MRI fusion images provided clearly identifiable metabolic activities of canine brain, the HRRT-PET and 7 T-MRI fusion imaging might be a good tool for evaluation of intracranial diseases in canines.</P>
Nicotinamide restores the reduction of parvalbumin in cerebral ischemic injury.
The Society ; Maruzen Co. [distributor] 2013 The Journal of veterinary medical science Vol.75 No.2
<P>The aim of this study investigated whether nicotinamide affects parvalbumin expression in focal cerebral ischemic injury. Rats were treated with vehicle or nicotinamide (500 mg/kg) 2 hr after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and cerebral cortex tissues were collected 24 hr after MCAO. Nicotinamide significantly decreases the volume of infarct areas in the cerebral cortex. A proteomic approach revealed that MCAO induces decreases of parvalbumin levels, while nicotinamide treatment prevents injury-induced decreases in parvalbumin. RT-PCR and Western blot analyses demonstrated that nicotinamide restores injury-induced decreases in parvalbumin. Moreover, immunohistochemical staining confirmed that the numbers of parvalbumin-positive cells were decreased in vehicle-treated animals with MCAO, and that nicotinamide averted this decrease. In cultured hippocampal cells, nicotinamide treatment prevents the glutamate exposure-induced increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration and decrease in parvalbumin expression. These results suggest the fact that the maintenance of parvalbumin expression is mediated to the neuroprotective function of nicotinamide against ischemic brain injury.</P>
Bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV) infections in Korean native cattle.
Oem, Jae-Ku,Lee, Eun-Yong,Lee, Kyoung-Ki,Kim, Seong-Hee,Lee, Myoung-Heon,Hyun, Bang-Hun The Society ; Maruzen Co. [distributor] 2013 The Journal of veterinary medical science Vol.75 No.5
<P>An outbreak of a disease with parapox-like symptoms was reported in South Korea in April 2012. Three of 45 Korean native cattle, age 20-24 months, were affected. Parapoxviruses were detected and identified by electron microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To determine the genetic characteristics of the Korean strains, the sequence of the major envelope protein (B2L) was determined and compared with published reference sequences. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the parapoxvirus strains were closely related to not only isolates from Japan, but also isolates from Germany, Sudan and the United states. This is the first report on an outbreak and the molecular characterization of BPSV in Korea.</P>
Heo, Seung-Ho,Jeong, Eui-Suk,Lee, Kyoung-Sun,Seo, Jin-Hee,Jeong, Dong-Gu,Won, Young-Suk,Kwon, Hyo-Jung,Kim, Hyoung-Chin,Kim, Dae-Yong,Choi, Yang-Kyu The Society ; Maruzen Co. [distributor] 2013 The Journal of veterinary medical science Vol.75 No.3
<P>Deregulated Wnt signaling pathway is implicated in many hereditary diseases and tumorigenesis including colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and gastric cancer. In this study, to assess the relationship between chemically induced gastric tumor and canonical Wnt signaling pathway in genetically intact mice, histopathological and quantitative mRNA analyses were performed in C57BL/6J mice given drinking water containing N-methyl- N-nitrosurea (MNU). 60.5% of gastric adenoma and 27.9% of adenocarcinoma were observed 48 weeks after first administration. Also, in immunohistochemical analysis, aberrant expressions of phospho-GSK-3β, β-catenin, cyclin D1, c-Myc, osteopontin and COX-2 were found. In double immunofluorescent-antibody stains, β-catenin accumulation was colocalized with other proteins. mRNA levels of cyclin D1, c-myc and COX-2 were relatively higher in adenocarcinoma. Altogether, canonical Wnt pathway was highly involved in MNU induced gastric neoplasia of C57BL/6J mice, and it could be a considerably suitable system for the study to examine the linkage between gastric tumorigenesis and the canonical Wnt pathway.</P>
Strain characterization of the Korean CWD cases in 2001 and 2004.
Lee, Yoon-Hee,Sohn, Hyun-Joo,Kim, Min-Jeong,Kim, Hyo-Jin,Lee, Won-Yong,Yun, Eun-Im,Tark, Dong-Seob,Cho, In-Soo,Balachandran, Aru The Society ; Maruzen Co. [distributor] 2013 The Journal of veterinary medical science Vol.75 No.1
<P>Chronic wasting disease (CWD) has been recognized as a naturally occurring prion disease in North American deer (Odocoileus species), Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) and moose (Alces alces). The disease was confirmed only in elk in the Republic of Korea in 2001, 2004 and 2005. Epidemiological investigations showed that CWD was introduced via importation of infected elk from Canada between 1994 and 1997. In spite of the increasing geographic distribution and host range of CWD, little is known about the prion strain (s) responsible for distinct outbreaks of the disease. We carried out strain characterization, using transgenic mice overexpressing elk prion protein, including clinical assessment, pathological examination and biochemical analyses, in brain tissues derived following primary through tertiary transmissions. The final incubation period was shortened to approximately 130 dpi due to adaptation. Biochemical profiles remained identical between passages. Lesion profiling in recipient mice brains showed similar patterns of vacuolation scores and intensity. It is clear that there were no biochemical or histopathological differences in Korean CWD cases in 2001 and 2004, suggesting a single strain was responsible for the outbreaks.</P>
Sung, Jin-Hee,Cho, Eun-Hae,Cho, Jae-Hyeon,Won, Chung-Kil,Kim, Myeong-Ok,Koh, Phil-Ok The Society ; Maruzen Co. [distributor] 2012 The Journal of veterinary medical science Vol.74 No.11
<P>Ferulic acid plays a neuroprotective role in cerebral ischemia. The aim of this study was to identify the proteins that are differentially expressed following ferulic acid treatment during ischemic brain injury using a proteomics technique. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed to induce a focal cerebral ischemic injury in adult male rats, and ferulic acid (100 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered immediately after MCAO. Brain tissues were collected 24 hr after MCAO. The proteins in the cerebral cortex were separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and were identified by mass spectrometry. We detected differentially expressed proteins between vehicle- and ferulic acid-treated animals. Adenosylhomocysteinase, isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD(+)], mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were decreased in the vehicle-treated group, and ferulic acid prevented the injury-induced decreases in these proteins. However, pyridoxal phosphate phosphatase and heat shock protein 60 were increased in the vehicle-treated group, while ferulic acid prevented the injury-induced increase in these proteins. It is accepted that these enzymes are involved in cellular metabolism and differentiation. Thus, these findings suggest evidence that ferulic acid plays a neuroprotective role against focal cerebral ischemia through the up- and down-modulation of specific enzymes.</P>
Kim, Sung-Woo,Lee, Yong-Hoon,Lee, Sang-Rae,Kim, Kyoung-Min,Lee, Young-Jeon,Jung, Kang-Jin,Chang, Kwon-Sik,Kim, Doo,Son, Hwa-Young,Reu, Dong-Suck,Chang, Kyu-Tae The Society ; Maruzen Co. [distributor] 2012 The Journal of veterinary medical science Vol.74 No.9
<P>Ovarian cyst is common incidental finding in humans and many animals and includes follicular cysts, cystic rete ovarii and mesonephric duct cysts. Ovarian cyst is often associated with reproductive disorders in humans and animals. We found accidentally bilateral cystic masses in ovaries in an African green monkey. Grossly, the left and right ovarian cystic masses were single unilocular cystic structures measuring 0.6 and 1.8 cm in diameter, respectively. Histologically, both cysts were thin-walled structures that arose from the center of the ovary and displaced ovarian tissue peripherally. The cysts were lined by a single layer of nonciliated low cuboidal epithelium. Immunohistochemically, epithelial cells in the cysts were positive for cytokeratin, and the stromal cells were positive for smooth muscle actin but negative for vimentin. These results suggest that these ovarian cysts in an African green monkey are cystic rete ovarii. To our knowledge, this is the first report of cystic rete ovarii in African green monkeys and may be of value in relation to research of the pathogenesis and treatment of ovarian cyst.</P>