Ginsenoside Rb1 exerts neuroprotective effects through regulation of Lactobacillus helveticus abundance and GABA<SUB>A</SUB> receptor expression

Huimin Chen,Jiajia Shen,Haofeng Li,Xiao Zheng,Dian Kang,Yangfan Xu,Chong Chen,Huimin Guo,Lin Xie,Guangji Wang,Yan Liang 고려인삼학회 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.1

Background: Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1), one of the most abundant protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides, exerts excellent neuroprotective effects even though it has low intracephalic exposure. Purpose: The present study aimed to elucidate the apparent contradiction between the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Rb1 by studying the mechanisms underlying neuroprotective effects of Rb1 based on regulation of microflora. Methods: A pseudo germ-free (PGF) rat model was established, and neuroprotective effects of Rb1 were compared between conventional and PGF rats. The relative abundances of common probiotics were quantified to reveal the authentic probiotics that dominate in the neuroprotection of Rb1. The expressions of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, including GABAA receptors (α2, β2, and γ2) and GABAB receptors (1b and 2), in the normal, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), and I/RþRb1 rat hippocampus and striatum were assessed to reveal the neuroprotective mechanism of Rb1. Results: The results showed that microbiota plays a key role in neuroprotection of Rb1. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus helveticus (Lac.H) increased 15.26 fold after pretreatment with Rb1. I/R surgery induced effects on infarct size, neurological deficit score, and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) were prevented by colonizing the rat gastrointestinal tract with Lac.H (1×10<SUP>9</SUP> CFU) by gavage 15 d before I/R surgery. Both Rb1 and Lac.H upregulated expression of GABA receptors in I/R rats. Coadministration of a GABAA receptor antagonist significantly attenuated neuroprotective effects of Rb1 and Lac.H. Conclusion: In sum, Rb1 exerts neuroprotective effects by regulating Lac.H and GABA receptors rather than through direct distribution to the target sites.

Ginsenoside Rb1 exerts neuroprotective effects through regulation of Lactobacillus helveticus abundance and GABAA receptor expression

Huimin Chen,Jiajia Shen,Haofeng Li,Xiao Zheng,Dian Kang,Yangfan Xu,Chong Chen,Huimin Guo,Lin Xie,Guangji Wang,Yan Liang 고려인삼학회 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.1

Background: Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1), one of the most abundant protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides, exertsexcellent neuroprotective effects even though it has low intracephalic exposure. Purpose: The present study aimed to elucidate the apparent contradiction between the pharmacokineticsand pharmacodynamics of Rb1 by studying the mechanisms underlying neuroprotective effects ofRb1 based on regulation of microflora. Methods: A pseudo germ-free (PGF) rat model was established, and neuroprotective effects of Rb1 werecompared between conventional and PGF rats. The relative abundances of common probiotics werequantified to reveal the authentic probiotics that dominate in the neuroprotection of Rb1. The expressionsof the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, including GABAA receptors (a2, b2, and g2) andGABAB receptors (1b and 2), in the normal, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), and I/RþRb1 rat hippocampus andstriatum were assessed to reveal the neuroprotective mechanism of Rb1. Results: The results showed that microbiota plays a key role in neuroprotection of Rb1. The relativeabundance of Lactobacillus helveticus (Lac.H) increased 15.26 fold after pretreatment with Rb1. I/R surgeryinduced effects on infarct size, neurological deficit score, and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1b, IL-6, andTNF-a) were prevented by colonizing the rat gastrointestinal tract with Lac.H (1 109 CFU) by gavage 15d before I/R surgery. Both Rb1 and Lac.H upregulated expression of GABA receptors in I/R rats. Coadministrationof a GABAA receptor antagonist significantly attenuated neuroprotective effects of Rb1 and Lac.H. Conclusion: In sum, Rb1 exerts neuroprotective effects by regulating Lac.H and GABA receptors ratherthan through direct distribution to the target sites.

Ginsenoside Rb1 exerts neuroprotective effects through regulation of Lactobacillus helveticus abundance and GABA_A receptor expression

Chen, Huimin,Shen, Jiajia,Li, Haofeng,Zheng, Xiao,Kang, Dian,Xu, Yangfan,Chen, Chong,Guo, Huimin,Xie, Lin,Wang, Guangji,Liang, Yan The Korean Society of Ginseng 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.1

Background: Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1), one of the most abundant protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides, exerts excellent neuroprotective effects even though it has low intracephalic exposure. Purpose: The present study aimed to elucidate the apparent contradiction between the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Rb1 by studying the mechanisms underlying neuroprotective effects of Rb1 based on regulation of microflora. Methods: A pseudo germ-free (PGF) rat model was established, and neuroprotective effects of Rb1 were compared between conventional and PGF rats. The relative abundances of common probiotics were quantified to reveal the authentic probiotics that dominate in the neuroprotection of Rb1. The expressions of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, including GABAA receptors (α2, β2, and γ2) and GABAB receptors (1b and 2), in the normal, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), and I/R+Rb1 rat hippocampus and striatum were assessed to reveal the neuroprotective mechanism of Rb1. Results: The results showed that microbiota plays a key role in neuroprotection of Rb1. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus helveticus (Lac.H) increased 15.26 fold after pretreatment with Rb1. I/R surgery induced effects on infarct size, neurological deficit score, and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) were prevented by colonizing the rat gastrointestinal tract with Lac.H (1 × 10⁹ CFU) by gavage 15 d before I/R surgery. Both Rb1 and Lac.H upregulated expression of GABA receptors in I/R rats. Coadministration of a GABA_A receptor antagonist significantly attenuated neuroprotective effects of Rb1 and Lac.H. Conclusion: In sum, Rb1 exerts neuroprotective effects by regulating Lac.H and GABA receptors rather than through direct distribution to the target sites.

소주원림 누창(漏窓)의 조경 기법

( Huimin Wang ),( Tai Ho Kang ) 한국전통조경학회(구 한국정원학회) 2015 Journal of Korean Institute of Traditional Landsca Vol.13 No.-

중국의 전통정원은 사상과 경계의 표현을 중시하며 도교 사상을 근본으로 하는 상징성, 유인성, 명시성, 은닉성에 대한 예술적 개념을 추구하고 있다. 중국 전통정원의 조경 기법은 고유한 디자인과 형식에 의한 새로운 관점으로 창조한다. 이것은 중국의 정원과 서양의 정원들 사이의 가장 큰 차이점이다. 이는 독창적인 조합의 관점에서 조경할수 있도록 하여 아름다움의 절묘한 내포와 공간 장면들을 수준 높게 창조해낼 수 있도록 한다. 본 논문은 소주(蘇州)정원을 사례 대상으로 전통조경 기법인 누창의 심미적 가치를 연구하였다. 연구 방법은 국내외 문헌 및 현장조사분석을 통해 수행하였다. 연구 결과 누창은 첫째 일반적인 창문으로의 기능, 둘째 경관 요소로의 기능, 셋째 정원내조경적 요소로의 기능, 넷째 중국 전통원림의 미학적 표현 기능, 다섯째 문화적 가치가 있는 것으로 나타났다. Chinese classical gardens are an expression of the pursuit of artistic conception. "To be able to adapt at indicating and inducing, explicit and not exposed". This is the highest art form of Taoism. Chinese landscaping techniques create a scene where every footstep in a garden creates a new view due to the unique design and formation of the garden. This is the most important difference between Chinese gardens and gardens in the West. This study will use Suzhou as an example to discuss the traditional Chinese architecture of the leaking window. Literature reading and field research are the methods used. First, I read domestic and foreign literatures. Then, I went to Suzhou for the field study. Finally, organizing data with suitable pictures, I will publish the results. The findings of this study are as follows: First, the leaking window has the normal function of any other basic window; Second, the leaking window``s landscape functions; Third is an evaluation of the relations between leaking window with other landscape elements; Fourth, how the leaking window is used on aesthetic to enhance the Chinese landscape; Fifth is the cultural value of the leaking window.

공공예술을 활용한 도시재생지역의 지속가능한 발전 방안 - 부산 감천동 문화마을의 도시재생 사례 분석을 중심으로 -

( Huimin Wang ),( Taiho Kang ) 한국전통조경학회(구 한국정원학회) 2016 Journal of Korean Institute of Traditional Landsca Vol.14 No.-

이 연구는 공공 예술을 활용하여 도심에 위치한 도시재생마을의 지속가능한 발전과 개선방안을 제시하기 위해 수행하였다. 연구를 위해 환경미학의 이론을 근거로 하여 도시공간 환경미술인 벽화의 평가 기준을 델파이 기법을 이용하여 선정하였고 AHP 기법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 부산 감천동 문화마을을 사례 대상으로 지속가능 발전 방안을 모색하기 위해 관광객 및 거주민들에게 설문조사를 실시하여 개선방안을 수립하였다. 연구 결과 감천동 문화마을의 개선방안으로 첫째, 조각 및 벽화 예술작품의 보완이 필요하며 둘째, 예술 작품 제작에 수준 높은 예술가들의 참여를 통해 질적 향상을 도모하여야 한다. 셋째, 마을 내 경관 개선을 위해 식재 수종의 다양성 및 양적 증가가 필요하며 넷째, 마을의 위생 청결 및 주차시설 확보 등 공공 편의시설이 개선되어야 된다. This study is an improvement plan for sustainable Development of that regeneration village in the center of city revitalize regional through the public art. This study uses the theory of environmental aesthetics and got evaluation result by Dephil expert investigation method and the analytic hierarchy process. And exploration through the case of Gamcheon Cultural Village by the questionnaire survey to tourists and denizens then put forward the improvement program. The results of the improvement plan on Gamcheon Cultural Village as follows. Firs to increase the artistic work of sculptures and the murals. Second, improve the mural art work by the professional artist. Third, change the landscape line of the Cultural Village by ensuring that the plants are plentiful .Fourth, improve the cleanliness of the Cultural Village by implementing vehicle management and as well as improving the environmental facilities.

당대예술의 개입을 통한 농촌마을의 활성화 - 에치고츠마리 사례를 중심으로 -

Huimin Wang,Taiho Kang 전북대학교 부설 휴양및경관계획연구소 2015 휴양및경관연구 (J East Asian Landscape Studies) Vol.9 No.4

이 연구는 에치고츠마리 마을을 대상으로 농촌마을에 당대예술을 도입함으로서 활성화 되어지는 과정과 그 결과를 다룬 것이다. 대상지의 고찰과 당대예술의 도입 계기, 마을의 경관요소, 예술제의 계획, 자원의 활용, 예술 도입 후 성과에 대한 데이터를 분석하여 예술이 농촌마을의 발전에 미친 영향과 지속적인 발전 가능성을 규명하였다. 연구를 통해 당대예술을 이용한 농촌경관의 변화가 농촌마을 활성화에 도움이 되는 것으로 나타났으며 자연 및 예술의 조화에도 영 향을 주는 것으로 파악되었다. 논문은 연구의 목적과 배경, 연구의 대상과 방법, 일본 마을의 경관요소 및 에치고츠마리의 분석, 예술제의 계획 및 자원 이용의 상황에 대한 고찰 그리고 연구 결과로 구성되었다. 연구결과 당대예술의 도입이 에치고츠마리 마을에 미친 좋은 영향은 첫째, 경제적인 수익을 높였으며 둘째, 인구 구조가 변화되면서 전통적인 단일 농경구조가 바뀌었고 셋째, 농민들의 생활방식이 변화되어 새로운 문화가치를 형성했으며 예술제가 에치고츠마리의 새로운 문화의 상징이 되었다. 넷째, 마을의 거주환경, 교통, 공공시설 등 생활환경 등이 개선되었으며 다섯째, 마을의 경관요소 및 공간속성에 변화를 가져왔다. 또한 예술 도입을 통해 에치고츠마리 마을이 다시 활성화 된 사례는 최근 사회적으로 문제되는 농촌마을의 발전에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다. This study investigates how the rural villages of Echigo - Tsumari in Japan were resurrected by the contemporary art intervention. This study analyzes the following: (1) the scope of contemporary art intervention, (2) types of landscape of rural villages, (3) plan of the Echigo - Tsumari Art Triennale, (4) ways to use natural resources in an art festival, and (5) data recording the impact of the contemporary art intervention. This study also reveals the possibility of continuous development of rural villages by analyzing the data. This study suggests how to use contemporary art to change the landscape of rural villages for their resurrection and how to integrate art into the environment. The results of this study were derived from its background, purpose, object, and method, as well as the analysis of the landscape of rural villages in Japan, the art festivals, and the exploitation of natural resources. The contemporary art intervention had a few benefits for the region of Echigo - Tsumari. First, this event improved the economic conditions of the region. Second, it controlled population aging and simultaneously improved the single economic structure of the traditional agriculture. Third, it is introduced the farmers to a new culture and improved their lifestyle; this art festival provided a new identity to the people of Echigo - Tsumari. Fourth, this event improved the residential environment, traffic movement, community facilities, et cetera. Fifth, this event provides insights into the spatial and structural transformation of the landscape. In recent times, the development of rural villages has been challenging and difficult, but the rehabilitation of Echigo - Tsumari provides valuable insights into further research.

웨어러블 센서를 사용한 심전도 모니터링 애플리케이션 디자인

강신실(Shinsil Kang),송영수(Young-Soo Song),호혜민(Hu Huimin),정형구(Hyunggu Jung) 한국HCI학회 2021 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.1

최근 심장질환 환자 수가 지속적으로 증가하는 추세를 보이고, 세계 보건기구 (WHO)에 따르면 심장질환은 세계적으로 사망률이 가장 높은 질환이다. 더불어 모바일 애플리케이션의 성공적인 대중화와 세계적인 고령화 현상 등의 이유로 현재 심장 건강모니터링 연구는 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 하지만, 그 중 많은 연구는 타겟 사용자인 심장 질환자의 니즈를 고려하지 않았다는 한계를 갖는다. 본 논문에서는 디자인적 사고 방법론을 통해 타겟 사용자인 심장질환자가 실제로 갖는 문제를 발견하고, 발견한 문제에 대한 해결 방법을 제안한다.

코드 블록과 NMT 모델을 활용한 자동 프로그램 정정

호혜민(Hu Huimin),김지성(Jisung Kim),이병정(Byungjeong Lee),강병도(Byeongdo Kang) 한국정보과학회 2021 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2021 No.6

Optimized geometric error sensitivity analysis approach based on stream-ofvariation theory in multi-axis precise motion platform

Hao Tang,Chang Ping Li,Jia Chen,Huimin Kang,Tae Jo Ko,Mianke Du 대한기계학회 2020 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.34 No.10

In this paper, an optimized error sensitivity analysis (ESA) approach based on stream-of-variation (SOV) theory in multi-axis precise motion platform (MPMP) is introduced. Unlike the conventional ESA method, this approach utilizes stream-of-variation theory to establish error model firstly. By regarding each axis as a station, the error propagation and deviation accumulation processes are clear station by station. Through obtaining the deviations after each station, the sensitive stations can be developed, and corresponding error terms are collected. Thus, by analyzing the appearance frequency of the errors, a precise sensitive order can be developed, and a sensitivity results with different steps is given. Through ignoring the insensitive and irrelevant errors, the computational volume of error model can be saved, and the efficiency can be improved. A case study about a typical MPMP used in laser welding system (LWS) is carried out, and the results indicate that the optimized ESA approach is more efficient and accurate, and it is flexible as well. This ESA approach is not only accurate in developing sensitive levels, but also balancing the systematic accuracy and working efficiency, which is helpful to provide informative guide to engineers.

Cloning and characterization of a galactitol 2-dehydrogenase from Rhizobium legumenosarum and its application in d-tagatose production

Jagtap, Sujit Sadashiv,Singh, Ranjitha,Kang, Yun Chan,Zhao, Huimin,Lee, Jung-Kul Elsevier 2014 Enzyme and microbial technology Vol.58 No.-

<P>Galactitol 2-dehydrogenase (GDH) belongs to the protein subfamily of short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases and can be used to produce optically pure building blocks and for the bioconversion of bioactive compounds. An NAD<SUP>+</SUP>-dependent GDH from Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 3841 (RlGDH) was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The RlGDH protein was purified as an active soluble form using His-tag affinity chromatography. The molecular mass of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 28 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 114 kDa by gel filtration chromatography, suggesting that the enzyme is a homotetramer. The enzyme has an optimal pH and temperature of 9.5 and 35°C, respectively. The purified recombinant RlGDH catalyzed the oxidation of a wide range of substrates, including polyvalent aliphatic alcohols and polyols, to the corresponding ketones and ketoses. Among various polyols, galactitol was the preferred substrate of RlGDH with a K<SUB>m</SUB> of 8.8 mM, k<SUB>cat</SUB> of 835 min<SUP>-1</SUP> and a k<SUB>cat</SUB>/K<SUB>m</SUB> of 94.9 min<SUP>-1</SUP> mM<SUP>-1</SUP>. Although GDHs have been characterized from a few other sources, RlGDH is distinguished from other GDHs by its higher specific activity for galactitol and broad substrate spectrum, making RlGDH a good choice for practical applications.</P>