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Role of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 in regulating PDH activation during acute muscle contraction
Herbst, Eric A.F.,Dunford, Emily C.E.,Harris, Robert A.,Vandenboom, Rene,LeBlanc, Paul J.,Roy, Brian D.,Jeoung, Nam Ho,Peters, Sandra J. Canadian Science Publishing 2012 APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM Vol.37 No.1
<P> The oxidation of carbohydrates in mammals is regulated by the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex, which is covalently regulated by four PDH kinases (PDK1-4) and two PDH phosphatases (PDP1-2) unique to the PDH complex. To investigate the role that PDK4 plays in regulating PDH activation (PDHa) during muscle contraction, mouse extensor digitorum muscle was removed from wild type (WT) and PDK4-knockout (PDK4-KO) mice after a 24 h fast and stimulated for 3 min either at 10 Hz (low-intensity contraction), 40 Hz (moderate-intensity contraction), or allowed to rest. Force was recorded and muscle PDHa activity and metabolite concentrations were measured. PDHa activity was ∼2.5-fold higher at rest in PDK4-KO mice than WT mice (P = 0.009) and ∼2-fold higher in PDK4-KO mice at both 10 Hz (P @@<@@ 0.001) and 40 Hz (P @@<@@ 0.001). Force relative to muscle weight was similar at 10 Hz, but was 5.8 ± 0.7 mN·g<SUP>-1</SUP> in PDK4-KO mice and 3.5 ± 0.7 mN·g<SUP>-1</SUP> in WT mice at 40 Hz (P @@<@@ 0.001), with a similar rate of fatigue in both genotypes. From these results it was concluded that PDK4 plays a role in reducing PDHa activity during low to moderate-intensity muscle stimulation, and that absence of PDK4 and the subsequent changes in carbohydrate utilization may alter force production. </P>
Pressurized liquid extraction of brewer’s spent grain: Kinetics and crude extracts characterization
Giulia Herbst,Fabiane Hamerski,Massimiliano Errico,Marcos L. Corazza 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.102 No.-
In this study, extraction yield of valuable compounds from brewer’s spent grain (BSG) using pressurizedliquid extraction (PLE) was investigated varying temperature, solvent type, and flow rate at a constantpressure. The results were compared with Soxhlet extractions using the total phenolic compounds(TPC), total flavonoid compounds (TFC), antioxidant activity (AA), reducing sugars (RS), and total reducingsugars (TRS) as indices. The highest PLE extraction yield was 20.1 wt%, at 120 C, 2 mL/min using ethanolto water volume ratio of 0.5, at 10 MPa. The TPC, TFC, and AA content were favored by water and water/ethanol extractions and temperature increase. The highest AA was obtained with water at 120 C and4 mL/min achieving 9944, 4769 and 4096 mmol TE/100 g of BSG extract, respectively. PLE was capableof present high extraction yields maintaining the RS and TRS in the BSG matrix. In addition, BSG wasdefatted with compressed propane before the extraction with PLE, showing that compressed propaneis highly efficient in recovering the lipid fraction from BSG. The results demonstrated a great potentialof water and different EtOH/Water solvent ratio at pressurized conditions for obtaining biocompoundsof BSG in a crude extract with expressive biological activity.
Inah Ko,Patricio Herbst 대한수학교육학회 2020 수학교육학연구 Vol.- No.특별호
We investigate teachers’ decision making in contexts where they could choose to provide students more authentic experiences with proving. Specifically, we investigate their preferences to depart from norms about what proof problems to assign to students. Scenario-based instruments consisting of two sets of items reflecting two hypothesized norms in doing geometric proofs, the given and prove norm and the diagrammatic register norm, were used to operationalize teachers’ preference to depart from instructional norms in order to increase students’ share of labor. By applying a diagnostic classification model (DCM) to classify teachers with respect to their depart from two norms, this study shows that teachers’ decisions depend on the norm at issue. To examine individual factors associated with preference profiles, we use scores of teachers’ mathematical knowledge for teaching, beliefs on the importance of student autonomy, and confidence in mathematics teaching. This study also illustrates methodological benefits of a DCM model in estimating a binary construct (i.e., teachers’ preference), which has more than one sub-construct, with a small number of items.
Development of siderostat control system for SDSS-V Local Volume Mapper
Hojae Ahn,Florian Briegel,Mingyu Jeon,Tom Herbst,Sumin Lee,Inhwan Jung,Changgon Kim,Jimin Han,Geon Hee Kim,Wolfgang Gaessler,Markus Kuhlberg,Tae-Geun Ji,Hyun Chul Park,Soojong Pak,Nicholas P. Konidari 한국천문학회 2022 天文學會報 Vol.47 No.1
Redefining Effusive-Constrictive Pericarditis with Echocardiography
Pieter van der Bijl,Philip Herbst,Anton F. Doubell 한국심초음파학회 2016 Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging (J Cardiovasc Im Vol.24 No.4
Background: Effusive-constrictive pericarditis (ECP) is traditionally diagnosed by using the expensive and invasive techniqueof direct pressure measurements in the pericardial space and the right atrium. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnosticrole of echocardiography in tuberculous ECP. Methods: Intrapericardial and right atrial pressures were measured pre- and post-pericardiocentesis, and right ventricular andleft ventricular pressures were measured post-pericardiocentesis in patients with tuberculous pericardial effusions. Echocardiographywas performed post-pericardiocentesis. Traditional, pressure-based diagnostic criteria were compared with post-pericardiocentesissystolic discordance and echocardiographic evidence of constriction. Results: Thirty-two patients with tuberculous pericardial disease were included. Sixteen had ventricular discordance (invasivelymeasured), 16 had ECP as measured by intrapericardial and right atrial invasive pressure measurements and 17 had ECP determinedechocardiographically. The sensitivity and specificity of pressure-guided measurements (compared with discordance) forthe diagnosis of ECP were both 56%. The positive and negative predictive values were both 56%. The sensitivity of echocardiography(compared with discordance) for the diagnosis of ECP was 81% and the specificity 75%, while the positive and the negativepredictive values were 76% and 80%, respectively. Conclusion: Echocardiography shows a better diagnostic performance than invasive, pressure-based measurements for the diagnosisof ECP when both these techniques are compared with the gold standard of invasively measured systolic discordance.