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최진범,Frank Christopher Hawthorne 한국지질과학협의회 2002 Geosciences Journal Vol.6 No.3
The crystal structures of an elbaite, Na0.591Ca0.18(Al1.395Fe0.007Mn 0.390Li1.208)Al6(Si5.986Al0.014)O18(BO3)(OH)4, a=15.866(2),c=7.113(1) , V=1550.4(6) 3, R3m, Z=3, and a schorl, Na0.659Ca0.081(Al0.245Fe1.680Mn 0.013Ti0.078Mg 0.860Li0.122)Al6(Si5.901Al0.09)O18(BO3)(OH)4,a=15.985(2), c=7.178(1) , V=1588.4(6) 3, R3m, Z=3, have beenrefined by single-crystal and Rietveld methods to R indices of 2.0/5.9 and 1.7/6.5%, respectively. Half-normal probability analysis ofthe two sets of results shows that the Rietveld method producessite-scattering values and atomic positions that are accurate. Thisindicates that the Rietveld method should be a useful technique forthe characterization of run products in tourmaline-synthesis experi-ments as well as synthetic ones having complicated crystal struc-tures.
Current status of islet xenotransplantation
Park, C.G.,Bottino, R.,Hawthorne, W.J. Surgical Associates Ltd 2015 International journal of surgery Vol.23 No.2
Cell therapy for Type 1 diabetes (T1D) utilizing islet cell transplantation can successfully restore endogenous insulin production in affected patients. Islet cell engraftment and survival are conditional on the use of efficacious anti-rejection therapies and on the availability of healthy donor cells. The scarcity of healthy human donor pancreata is a limiting factor in providing sufficient tissue to meet the demand for islet transplantation worldwide. A potential alternative to the use of cadaveric human donor pancreases is the use of animal sourced islets. Pancreatic islets obtained from pigs have emerged as an alternative to human tissues due to their great availability, physiological similarities to human islets, including the time-tested use of porcine insulin in diabetic patients and the ability to genetically modify the donor source. The evolution of refined, efficacious immunosuppressive therapies with reduced toxicity, improvements in donor management and genetic manipulation of the donor have all contributed to facilitate long-term function in pre-clinical models of pig islet grafts in non-human primates. As clinical consideration for this option is growing, and trials involving the use of porcine islets have begun, more compelling experimental data suggest that the use of pig islets may soon become a viable, safe, effective and readily available treatment for insulin deficiency in T1D patients.
네오비움 페롭스카이트 ( Ca2NbFe3+O6 ) 의 화학조성 및 리트벨트 구조분석 연구
최진범(Jin Beom Choi),(Frank C. Hawthorne) 한국광물학회 2002 광물과 암석 (J.Miner.Soc.Korea) Vol.15 No.1
Chemical analyses and Rietveld structural refinement with powder X-ray diffraction data were done for Nb-rich perovskite, named latrappite (Ca_2NbFe^3+O_6) from the Oka, Quebec, Canada. Latrappite is shown to be a member of a continuous solid solution of CaTiO_3-NaNbO_3-Ca_2NbFe^3+O_6, and approximately ((Ca_1.5Na_0.4) (Nb_1.0Ti_0.6Fe_0.4)O_6 in composition. The crystal structure of latrappite, determined by Rietveld refinement, is similar to that of perovskite (CaTiO_3). It differs in that replacement of Ti by Nb and Fe^3+ results in greeter distortion and tilting of the TiO_6 framework octahedra relative to CaTiO_3 Revised unit-cell parameters of latrappite are a=5.4474(4), b=5.5264(4), c=7.7519(5) A°, V=233.4(3) A°^3, space group Pbnm.
Jung, K.C.,Simond, D.M.,Moran, C.,Hawthorne, W.J.,Jeon, J.T.,Jin, D.I.,Lee, J.H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.11
The xenotransplantation of pig organs and cells can be related with a risk of transmission of infectious diseases to human. Previous findings indicate that the regulatory region of PERV for retroviral transcription, replication and integration into the cellular DNA is located on the 5' Long Terminal Repeat (LTR). The objective of this study is the investigation of methylation and deletion status of the PERV 5' LTR region which can be used for regulating PERV expression. We compared the sequences of genomic DNA and bisulfite-treated genomic DNA from PK-15 cells expressing PERV to observe the methylation status of the 5' LTR. Our results showed that the CpG sites of U3 were methylated and methylation was inconsistent in the R and U5 regions. Also, variable numbers of 18 bp repeats and 21 bp repeats were detected on 5' LTR by sequencing analysis. The consistent U3 methylation might be indicative of host suppression of expression of the retroviruses.
Using Porcine Embryonic Stem Cells to Advance Xenotransplantation to the Clinic
Mark Nottle,Ivan M Vassiliev,Sharon Harrison,Stephen McIlfatrick,Wayne Hawthorne,Philip O’Connell,Peter Cowan,Anthony d’Apice 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2011 발생공학 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1
Pig‐to‐human transplantation (xenotransplantation) is currently the most advanced approach to solving the increasing demand for human organs and tissues. However, two critical requirements must be addressed before xenotransplantation can be considered for clinical application. First, the level of immunosuppression required to maintain xenografts must be equivalent to (or less than) that used in allotransplantation. It is now evident that multiple genetic modifications of the donor pig will be needed to achieve this goal (d’Apice et al. 2002 Transplant Proceedings. 33: 3053‐3054). These include gene knockouts (e.g. of the GalT gene, responsible for synthesis of the major porcine xenoantigen) and gene addition by transgenesis. Progress has been hindered by the current technology, which allows only a single cycle of genetic modification per generation and therefore necessitates large and complex breeding programs. Second, donor pigs should have defined, relatively homogeneous genotypes including the inability to produce endogenous retroviruses (PERV) that may infect human recipients. Inbred miniature swine are best suited in this regard but are difficult to genetically manipulate due to poor reproductive capacity. What is critically needed to advance xenotransplantation to the clinic is the ability to perform multiple cycles of genetic modifications per generation on the background of choice. We have recently made an important step towards this goal by developing a novel method for the isolation of porcine embryonic stem cells (ESC) (Vassiliev et al. 2010 Cellular Reprogramming 12: 223‐230). These cells can be stably grown for at least 150 population doublings, dramatically increasing the window for introducing multiple genetic modifications before the cells are used to clone pigs by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Furthermore we have used this method to isolate ESCs from cloned embryos (Vassiliev et al 2011 Cellular Reprogramming 13: 205‐213) which allows us to isolate ESCs directly from breeds of pigs specifically bred for xenotransplantation. Together these advances will accelerate xenotransplantation research to the clinic.
Jang, Dae-Sik,Park, Eun-Jung,Kang, Young-Hwa,Su, Bao-Ning,Hawthorne, Michael-E.,Vigo, Jose-Schunke,Graham, James-G.,Cabieses, Fernando,Fong, Harry H.S.,Mehta, Rajendra-G.,Pezzuto, John-M.,Kinghorn, A. The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2003 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.26 No.8
Activity-guided fractionation of the EtOAc-soluble extract of the whole plants of Sida acuta using a bioassay based on the induction of quinone reductase (OR) in cultured Hepa 1c1c7 mouse hepatoma cells, led to the isolation of ten active compounds of previously known structure, quindolinone (1), cryptolepinone (2), 11-methoxyquindoline (3), N-trans-feruloyltyramine (4), vomifoliol (5), loliolide (6), 4-ketopinoresinol (7), scopoletin (8), evofolin-A (9), and evofolin-B (10), along with five inactive compounds of known structure, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, syringic acid, ($\pm$)-syringaresinol, and vanillic acid. These isolates were identified by physical and spectral data measurement. A new derivative of quindolinone, 5,10-dimethylquindolin-11-one (1a) was synthesized and characterized spectroscopically. Of the active substances, compounds 1-3 and 1a exhibited the most potent QR activity, with observed CD (concentration required to double induction) values ranging from 0.01 to 0.12 $\mu$ g/mL. Six compounds were then evaluated in a mouse mammary organ culture assay, with cryptolepinone (2), N-trans-feruloyltyramine (4), and 5,10-dimethylquindolin-11-one (1a) found to exhibit 83.3, 75.0, and 66.7% inhibition of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced preneoplastic lesions, respectively, at a dose of 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL.
Communication: The Expectation of Interaction
Jeremy Hawthorn 한국외국어대학교 영미연구소 2004 영미연구 Vol.10 No.-
The article builds on what Watzlawick, Beavin and Jackson (1968) refer to as ‘the impossibility of not communicating’. Using a brief extract from George Eliot’s 1871?72 novel Middlemarch, I argue that in an interpersonal communicative situation in which interaction is expected, the attempt to not-communicate is inevitably interpreted as a form of communication, producing a ripple-effect that effects transformations in successive behavioural moves.<BR> Although this example is concerned with interpersonal communication in a dyad, much of our internalized communicative ‘script’ is based on early conditioning through the learning of culturally specific interpersonal communication conventions. Moreover, very often other forms of communication mimic, or are parasitic on, learned interpersonal communicative conventions. I next consider the influential 1956 article by Donald Horton and R. Richard Wohl entitled ‘Mass communication and para-social interaction: observations on intimacy at a distance’. In this article Horton and Wohl argue that much popular television attempts to convey the illusion of an intimate interpersonal relationship between performer and viewer. They term ‘this seeming face-to-face relationship between spectator and performer a para-social relationship’. The article suggests that the pretended intimacy may be seen through by the viewer, and I argue that because the proffered illusion of intimacy encourages the expectation of interaction, the technique may well end up being counter productive.<BR> Finally, I turn to a similar process that I argue characterizes our relationship to the still, but not the moving, photograph. Because many still photographs present individuals and particularly their faces in ways that mimic interpersonal communicative self-presentation, at a less than fully conscious level they lead the viewer to expect to be able to interact with the depicted individual. It is, I argue, for this reason that there is something frustrating about such photographs, a frustration that is connected to the association between such photographs and death that has been commented upon by a range of theorists.