Identification and expression profiles of chitin deacetylase genes in the rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis

Hai-Zhong Yu,Ming-Hui Liu,Xue-Yang Wang,Xin Yang,Wan-Ling Wang,Lei Geng,Dong Yu,Xue-Lan Liu,Gui-Ying Liu,Jia-Ping Xu 한국응용곤충학회 2016 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.19 No.3

Chitin deacetylase (CDA) is an insect chitin degradation enzyme that catalyzes the deacetylation of chitin to form chitosan. In this study, combination of rapid-amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technology with Cnaphalocrocis medinalis transcriptome database analysis revealed the presence of at least five C. medinalis CDAs (CmCDAs), which were CmCDA1, CmCDA2, CmCDA4, CmCDA5, and CmCDA6. The cDNA sequences of CmCDA1, CmCDA2, and CmCDA4 hadwhole open reading frame (ORF) for further analysis. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that insect CDAs could be categorized into five groups. CmCDAs' structural domain analysis revealed that all three CDAs contained the chitin deacetylase-like catalytic domain. CmCDA1 and CmCDA2 belong to Group I because they both contain the chitin-binding peritrophin-A domain (ChBD), low-density lipoprotein receptor class A domain (LDLa), and chitin deacetylase-like catalytic domain. CmCDA4 only contains ChBD and chitin deacetylase-like catalytic domain thus belongs to Group III. Tissue and developmental stage expression analysis showed that the expression levels of CmCDA1, CmCDA2, and CmCDA4 are significantly higher in the head than other tissues and also significantly higher in adults than in larvae. CmCDA5 had significantly higher expression in the integument than other tissues, suggesting potential roles in the process of degradation of chitin. In contrast, CmCDA5 showed relatively high expression in larvae. In conclusion, this study analyzed the cDNA sequences of three CDA genes and determined their expression and molecular characteristics, which provided a new sequence resource and improved the development of bio-pesticides and the biological pest control and contributed to management of this important agricultural pest.

Comparative transcriptome analysis of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes in eri-silkworm, Samia cynthia ricini in response to 1- deoxynojirimycin

Hai-Zhong Yu,Yan Ma,Shang-zhi Zhang,Dong-qiong Fei,Bing Liu,Li-ang Yang,Azharuddin Muhammad,Ming-hui Liu,Jia-Ping Xu 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.21 No.1

1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) as a kind of alkaloid has been confirmed that could modulate glycometabolism andhas toxicity for the eri-silkworm in our previous research. On the contrary, what is the potentially defensivemechanism when the DNJ enters the eri-silkworm. Based on comparative transcriptome sequencing, we foundthat ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes could be induced significantly by DNJ. In this study, a total of16 putative ABC transporter genes were identified, which can be classified into seven subfamilies, namely oneABCA, four ABCBs, three ABCCs, two ABCDs, one ABCE, three ABCFs, and two ABCGs. Phylogenetic analysisrevealed that ScABCs had strong conservation with Bombyx mori. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RTqPCR)suggested that 6 ABC transporters had a strong positive correlation between RT-qPCR and transcriptomedata. Additionally, S. c. ricini ABC transporter C-subfamily 4 (ScABCC4), S. c. ricini ABC transporter G-subfamily4 (ScABCG4), S. c. ricini ABC transporter A-subfamily 3 (ScABCA3) and S. c. ricini ABC transporter C-subfamily10 (ScABCC10) showed different expression pattern in two feed dose (1% and 2% DNJ) and three time points(6h, 12 h, 48 h). This study provides the first study on identification, characterization and expression patterns ofABC transporter genes in S. c. ricini response to DNJ, and lays a foundation for further understanding of theirphysiological roles response to the alkaloid.

Effects of Nutrient Levels on Cell Growth and Secondary Carotenoids Formation in the Freshwater Green Alga, Chlorococcum sp.

Liu, Bei Hui,Dao Hai Zhang,Lee, Yuan Kun 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2000 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.10 No.2

The freshwater green alga Chlorococcum sp. grew on NH_4^+, NO_3^-, urea, yeast extract, and peptone as the nitrogen source showing similar patterns of growth and secondary carotenoid (SC) production. However, the most suitable nitrogen source for the induction of SC was urea. The effects of nutrient levels (urea, phosphate, sulfate, ferrous iron, and salt) on growth and SC production were studied by varying the concentration of each nutrient in batch cultures. High biomass production was achieved in cultures containing 20- 28mM urea, 4.8-10mM phosphate, 1.6mM sulfate, 70mM NaCl, and 20-100μM iron. The highest SC content in biomass was obtained when cultured at 5-10mM urea, 12mM phosphate, 1.6mM sulfate, 170mM NaCl, and 50μM iron. The optimum concentrations of nutrients for biomass and for the SC accumulation in biomass were evaluated and the two media for achieving high biomass production and SC production were thus developed. The extent to which each parameter to stimulate the formation of SC in the alga were varied and the potentially improved SC production by manipulating the nutrient levels in the modified media were discussed.

An asymmetric supercapacitor with excellent cycling performance realized by hierarchical porous NiGa₂O₄ nanosheets

Liu, Shude,Hui, Kwan San,Hui, Kwun Nam,Li, Hai-Feng,Ng, Kar Wei,Xu, Jincheng,Tang, Zikang,Jun, Seong Chan The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Journal of Materials Chemistry A Vol.5 No.36

<▼1><P>Cycling stability of an asymmetric supercapacitor is enhanced using hierarchical porous NiGa2O4 nanosheets as cathode electrode.</P></▼1><▼2><P>Rational design of the composition and electrochemically favorable structural configuration of electrode materials are highly required to develop high-performance supercapacitors. Here, we report our findings on the design of interconnected NiGa2O4 nanosheets as advanced cathode electrodes for supercapacitors. Rietveld refinement analysis demonstrates that the incorporation of Ga into NiO leads to a larger cubic lattice parameter that promotes faster charge-transfer kinetics, enabling significantly improved electrochemical performance. The NiGa2O4 electrode delivers a specific capacitance of 1508 F g<SUP>−1</SUP> at a current density of 1 A g<SUP>−1</SUP> with a capacitance retention of 63.7% at 20 A g<SUP>−1</SUP>, together with excellent cycling stability after 10 000 charge–discharge cycles (capacitance retention of 102.4%). An asymmetric supercapacitor device was assembled by using NiGa2O4 and Fe2O3 as cathode and anode electrodes, respectively. The ASC delivers a high energy density of 45.2 W h kg<SUP>−1</SUP> at a power density of 1600 W kg<SUP>−1</SUP> with exceptional cycling stability (94.3% cell capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles). These results suggest that NiGa2O4 can serve as a new class cathode material for advanced electrochemical energy storage applications.</P></▼2>

Antimicrobial Aflatoxins from the Marine-Derived Fungus Aspergillus flavus 092008

Hui Wang,Wei-Ming Zhu,Zhenyu Lu,Hai-Jun Qu,Peipei Liu,Chengdu Miao,Tonghan Zhu,Jing Li,Kui Hong 대한약학회 2012 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.35 No.8

A new aflatoxin, aflatoxin B2b (1), together with six known compounds, were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus flavus 092008 endogenous with the mangrove plant Hibiscus tiliaceus (Malvaceae). The structure of 1 was determined by the spectroscopic and chemical methods. Compound 1 exhibited a moderate antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Enterobacter aerogenes, with MIC values of 22.5, 1.7 and 1.1 μM, respectively. Compound 1 also showed a weak cytotoxicity against A549, K562 and L-02 cell lines, with IC50 values of 8.1, 2.0 and 4.2 μM, respectively. The results showed that hydration and hydrogenation of Δ8-double bond significantly reduces the cytotoxicity of aflatoxins, while the esterification at C-8 increases the cytotoxicity.

Performance and applications of flow-guided sieve trays for distillation of highly viscous mixtures

Hui Liu,Qun Shen Li,Chun Ying Song,Hai Long Wu,Yi Qiu Qian 한국화학공학회 2008 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.25 No.6

With a particular focus on the distillation of highly viscous or self-polymerized mixtures, this study reports the hydrodynamic and mass transfer performance of two flow-guided sieve trays, including their pressure drop, entrainment, weeping and tray efficiency, obtained experimentally with an air-water/oxygen system in a Φ600 mm plexiglass column. The results show that the 8 mm hole flow-guided sieve tray tested shows better characteristics than the 7 mm flow-guided hole tray in terms of pressure drop and mass transfer. Then we present practical industrial examples of applications of the flow guided trays for distillation of viscous mixtures, i.e., the separation of vinyl acetate (VAC) from a polyvinyl acetate (PVAC) polymer solution with dynamic viscosity μ=50,000 mPas, the separation of highly unsaturated C5 mixtures by extractive distillation, and the distillation of thick, condensed and highly viscous fermentation mixtures made from fermented mash. It is demonstrated that flow-guided sieve trays with relatively large holes are an excellent candidate for distillation of mixtures with suspended solids, or concentrated/self-polymerized polymer solutions.

Effect of cation substitution on the pseudocapacitive performance of spinel cobaltite MCo₂O₄ (M = Mn, Ni, Cu, and Co)

Liu, Shude,Ni, Dixing,Li, Hai-Feng,Hui, Kwun Nam,Ouyang, Chu-Ying,Jun, Seong Chan The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Journal of Materials Chemistry A Vol.6 No.23

<P>Cation substitution is a promising strategy for modulating the structural properties and optimizing the electrochemical performance of spinel cobalt oxide (Co3O4); however, the underlying mechanism of this action induced by different cation substitutions has not yet been clearly addressed. Herein, a systematic investigation is performed to elucidate the effect of cation substitution on the pseudocapacitive performance of spinel cobaltite (MCo2O4; M = Mn, Ni, Cu, and Co) mesoporous nanowires grown on nickel foam (NF). Theoretical and experimental analyses reveal that the substitution of Co by transition metals (<I>i.e.</I>, Mn, Ni, and Cu) in the lattice of Co3O4 can simultaneously improve charge transfer and ion diffusion, thereby exhibiting enhanced electrochemical properties. Herein, as a representative example, MnCo2O4 achieves a high specific capacitance of 2146 F g<SUP>−1</SUP> at a current density of 1 A g<SUP>−1</SUP>, while 92.1% of its initial capacitance is retained after 5000 cycles. An asymmetric supercapacitor with MnCo2O4 as the positive material and activated carbon (AC) as the negative material delivers a high energy density of 56.1 W h kg<SUP>−1</SUP> at a power density of 800 W kg<SUP>−1</SUP>, and a favorable energy density of 29.3 W h kg<SUP>−1</SUP> at a power density as high as 8000 W kg<SUP>−1</SUP>.</P>

Estimation of the net energy requirement for maintenance in broilers

Wei Liu,Chang Hua Lin,Zheng Ke Wu,Guo Hua Liu,Hai Jie Yan,Hua Ming Yang,Hui Yi Cai 아세아·태평양축산학회 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.6

Objective: The net energy requirement for the maintenance (NEm) of broilers was determined using regression models by the indirect calorimetry method (ICM) or the comparative slaughter method (CSM). Methods: A 2×4 factorial arrangement of treatments including the evaluation method (ICM or CSM) and feed intake (25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% of ad libitum recommended) was employed in this experiment. In the ICM, 96 male Arbor Acres (AA) birds aged d 15 were used with 4 birds per replicate and 6 replicates in each treatment. In the CSM, 116 male AA birds aged d 15 were used. Among these 116 birds, 20 were selected as for initial data and 96 were assigned to 4 treatments with 6 replicate cages and 4 birds each. The linear regression between retained energy (RE) and metabolizable energy intake (MEI) or the logarithmic regression between heat production (HP) and MEI were used to calculate the metabolizable or net energy requirement for maintenance (MEm) or NEm, respectively. Results: The evaluation method did not detect any differences in the metabolizable energy (ME), net energy (NE), and NE:ME of diet, and in the MEI, HP, and RE of broilers. The MEI, HP, and RE of broilers decreased (p<0.01) as the feed intake decreased. No evaluation method× feed intake interaction was observed on these parameters. The MEm and NEm estimated from the linear relationship were 594 and 386 kJ/kg of body weight (BW)0.75/d in the ICM, and 618 and 404 kJ/kg of BW0.75/d in the CSM, respectively. The MEm and NEm estimated by logarithmic regression were 607 and 448 kJ/kg of BW0.75/d in the ICM, and were 619 and 462 kJ/kg of BW0.75/d in the CSM, respectively. Conclusion: The NEm values obtained in this study provide references for estimating the NE values of broiler diets.

Study on the Influence of Stiffeners on the Wind Resistance Performance of Aluminum Panel Curtain Wall

Cun Hui,Siyan Wang,Mingliang Liu,Weichi Han,Ran Hai 한국강구조학회 2022 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.22 No.4

In order to study the infl uence of stiff eners on the wind resistance performance of the aluminum panel curtain wall unit (APCU), two APCU specimens with diff erent structures were designed and fabricated. The deformations under positive and negative wind loads were studied. The defl ection, stress, and mode were analyzed by fi nite element software. The results indicate that the stiff eners and the aluminum panels work well with each other under positive and negative wind pressure. Adequately designed stiff eners can eff ectively improve the wind resistance of the APCU, reduce the deformation of the aluminum curtain wall, and make the stress distribution uniform. The shedding of aluminum welding nails has a signifi cant impact on the overall wind resistance performance of the component. The aluminum panels and the stiff eners reduce the wind resistance performance of the APCU when the aluminum panels and stiff eners are not fi rmly connected. The modal analysis points out the weak point of the specimens. The fi nite element calculations and analysis results are consistent with the actual measurement results. The research results can guide engineering applications. The research in this paper can provide guidance for wind resistance of aluminum plate, defl ection deformation of stiff ening rib, failure of aluminum plate under wind pressure and engineering research of aluminum curtain wall system under wind load.

Serum CEA Level Change and Its Significance Before and after Gefitinib Therapy on Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Qin, Hai-Feng,Qu, Li-Li,Liu, Hui,Wang, Sha-Sha,Gao, Hong-Jun Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.7

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore change and significance of serum carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) before and after gefitinib therapy in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Forty patients with advanced NSCLCs in III~IV stages were selected as study objects given gefitinib therapy combined with routine local radiotherapy until tumor progression or intolerable toxicity. After treatment, all patients were divided into control and non-control groups according to the results of evaluation based on RECIST 1.1 (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors in 2009). Peripheral fasting blood from all patients was collected in the early morning and serum CEA was assessed by electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) before and after treatment. Before treatment, patients were divided into high CEA group (CEA level > 50 ng/mL) and low CEA group (CEA level ${\leq}$ 50 ng/mL). Adverse reactions were noted and progression-free survival (PFS) in both groups was recorded after long-term follow-up that ended in December, 2012. Results: There was no difference between control and non-control groups in CEA level before treatment (P>0.05), whereas serum CEA decreased more markedly lower in the control group after treatment (P<0.01). All patients were divided into high CEA group (26) and low CEA group (14) according to serum CEA level. There was no statistically significant difference between two groups in adverse reactions (P>0.05) but the rate in former group was lower. Additionally, survival rates at 9 and 12 months in high CEA group were clearly higher than in the low CEA group (P<0.01). Conclusions: Serum CEA level can serve as a biochemical index to evaluate the prognosis with gefitinib treatment for NSCLC.