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Gary Lee,Mi-Hee Kim,Hyun-Ye Jo,Beom Seok Han,Wan Seob Cho,Jayoung Jeong,Mina Choi,Sheen Hee Kim,Min Jung Cho,Hyung Ook Kim,Byeongwoo Ahn 한국실험동물학회 2007 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.23 No.4
The strain of rasH2 mice carrying human c-Ha-ras gene had been developed to use for rapid carcinogenicity testing. The mice develops various kinds of tumors including lymphoma when induced by carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). In this study, 30 rasH2-Tg mice were treated with 75 ㎎/㎏ of MNU to induce lymphoma in 26 weeks. A total of 22 mice (13 male, 9 female) developed lymphoma. Immunohistochemistry for localization of cell surface antigens were performed to subclassify the lymphomas. Antibodies against BOB.1 and oct-2 were applied for B cell lymphoma and CD3 for T cell lymphoma. In T cell lymphoma, CD3 were expressed in cytoplasmic membranes of most tumor cells, whereas oct-2 and BOB.1 were localized in some cells in B cell lymphoma. Most of lymphomas cases expressed T cell marker CD3. The reason T cell lymphomas so frequently developed in rasH2 mice by MNU treatment should be further elucidated.
Recent Approaches to Dialog Management for Spoken Dialog Systems
Lee, Cheong-Jae,Jung, Sang-Keun,Kim, Kyung-Duk,Lee, Dong-Hyeon,Lee, Gary Geun-Bae Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Eng 2010 Journal of Computing Science and Engineering Vol.4 No.1
A field of spoken dialog systems is a rapidly growing research area because the performance improvement of speech technologies motivates the possibility of building systems that a human can easily operate in order to access useful information via spoken languages. Among the components in a spoken dialog system, the dialog management plays major roles such as discourse analysis, database access, error handling, and system action prediction. This survey covers design issues and recent approaches to the dialog management techniques for modeling the dialogs. We also explain the user simulation techniques for automatic evaluation of spoken dialog systems.
Unsupervised Spoken Language Understanding for a Multi-Domain Dialog System
Donghyeon Lee,Minwoo Jeong,Kyungduk Kim,Seonghan Ryu,Lee, Gary Geunbae IEEE 2013 IEEE - ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Lang Vol.21 No.11
<P>This paper proposes an unsupervised spoken language understanding (SLU) framework for a multi-domain dialog system. Our unsupervised SLU framework applies a non-parametric Bayesian approach to dialog acts, intents and slot entities, which are the components of a semantic frame. The proposed approach reduces the human effort necessary to obtain a semantically annotated corpus for dialog system development. In this study, we analyze clustering results using various evaluation metrics for four dialog corpora. We also introduce a multi-domain dialog system that uses the unsupervised SLU framework. We argue that our unsupervised approach can help overcome the annotation acquisition bottleneck in developing dialog systems. To verify this claim, we report a dialog system evaluation, in which our method achieves competitive results in comparison with a system that uses a manually annotated corpus. In addition, we conducted several experiments to explore the effect of our approach on reducing development costs. The results show that our approach be helpful for the rapid development of a prototype system and reducing the overall development costs.</P>
Recent Approaches to Dialog Management for Spoken Dialog Systems
Cheongjae Lee,Sangkeun Jung,Kyungduk Kim,Donghyeon Lee,Gary Geunbae Lee 한국정보과학회 2010 Journal of Computing Science and Engineering Vol.4 No.1
A field of spoken dialog systems is a rapidly growing research area because the performance improvement of speech technologies motivates the possibility of building systems that a human can easily operate in order to access useful information via spoken languages. Among the components in a spoken dialog system, the dialog management plays major roles such as discourse analysis, database access, error handling, and system action prediction. This survey covers design issues and recent approaches to the dialog management techniques for modeling the dialogs. We also explain the user simulation techniques for automatic evaluation of spoken dialog systems.
Jeiyoung Lee,Young-Ho Lee,Gary P. Kennedy,Nam-Young Kim 한국전자파학회JEES 2006 Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science Vol.6 No.1
In this paper, we demonstrate a fully integrated X-band image rejection downconverter, which was developed using InGaP/GaAs HBT MMIC technology, consists of two single-balanced mixers, a differential buffer amplifier, a differential VCO, an LO quadratue generator, a three-stage polyphase filter, and a differential intermediate frequency(IF) amplifier. The X-band image rejection downconverter yields an image rejection ratio of over 25 ㏈, a conversion gain of over 2.5 ㏈, and an output-referred 1-㏈ compression power(P1㏈,OUT) of -10 ㏈m. This downconverter achieves broa㏈and image rejection characteristics over a frequency range of 1.1 ㎓ with a current consumption of 60 ㎃ from a 3-V supply.