Contact toxicity and transcriptomic analysis of terpinen-4-ol exposure in Tribolium castaneum

Shan-shan Gao,Yong-lei Zhang,Kun-peng Zhang,Wang Xing-yun,Qing-bo Tang,Yuan-chen Zhang 한국응용곤충학회 2022 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.25 No.3

The terpene, terpinen-4-ol (T4ol), exhibits contact toxicity in Tribolium castaneum. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this toxicity have not been elucidated. This study examined changes in the expression of four classic enzymes after exposure of T. castaneum to T4ol. Acetylcholinesterase and glutathione S-transferase activities were markedly inhibited after exposure to T4ol, while that of the detoxifying enzyme cytochrome oxidase P450 increased markedly. Carboxylesterase activity did not show significant changes. Furthermore, RNA sequencing revealed 260 differentially expressed genes (DEG) between the T4ol-treated and control samples, and qRT-PCR was used to validate the RNA-Seq data. The Gene Ontology analysis classified the DEGs into 36 functional groups, including the immune system processes, response to stimulus, and developmental processes. T4ol altered the response to stimulus and the immune system process of beetles by inducing the expression of the genes Stabilin-1, Attacin 1, and Defensin 1. Furthermore, the DEGs receptor tyrosine kinase Torso-like protein (RTKTsl), Frizzled 4 (Fz4), Protein Wnt-5b, Ecdysone-induced protein 78C (E78), Zinc finger protein GLIS1 (ZFPGLIS1) were classified as participating in beetle development, and Fz4 and Protein Wnt-5b also mapped to the Wnt signaling pathway. This indicated that pathways associated with development are inhibited after exposure to T4ol. T4ol also induced CYP9Z6/GSTs7 overexpression, and RNAi targeting these genes significantly increased larvae mortality on T4ol exposure, supporting the participation of CYP9Z6/GSTs7 in the response to T4ol in T. castaneum. The results of this study will facilitate understanding of the toxic mechanisms of T4ol and provide a basis for controlling the pests of stored products.

Enhancing Efficiency in Carbon Nanotube Electrode-Based Perovskite Solar Cells through Interface and Thickness Optimization

Gao Shan Shan(고산산),Seong Sik Shin(신성식) 한국태양에너지학회 2024 한국태양에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2024 No.4

Compact Band Notched Slot Antenna for Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Applications Based on Strong Couplings Slots

Shan Shan Gao,Jia-Lin Li,Hui Min Qiao 대한전기학회 2019 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.14 No.5

A planar slot antenna operating at 2.75–9.75 GHz is studied for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications, where three controllable notched bands centered at 4, 5.9 and 8.45 GHz are further introduced to avoid some potential interferences. The elliptical slots and coplanar waveguide feeding lines are incorporated to achieve desired UWB operation. By introducing a V-shaped and two U-shaped slots on the CPW signal line, three notched bands are implemented, and each notch band can be adjusted independently. Measurements on the developed demonstrator match with the numerical simulations.

Compact Dual-Mode Balun Bandpass Filter with Improved Out-of-Band Performance

Gao Shan Shan,Yi Gang Yu,Sun Sheng 대한전기학회 2021 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.16 No.4

A compact dual-mode balun bandpass fi lter with improved out-of-band performance is proposed based on a ring resonator. In order to excite the two degenerate modes and obtain fi ltering balun performance, three parallel-coupled lines are placed at three excitation ports along the ring resonator. By properly arranging the angles between the excitation arms, four transmission zeros can be realized to improve stopband performance. Finally, a prototype of the designed balun bandpass fi lter is implemented and fabricated. The measured results show a good agreement with those obtained from the simulation, thus verifying our proposal with good in-band fi ltering and out-of-band performance.

A sigma class glutathione S-transferase gene regulated by the CncC pathway is required for phytochemical tolerance in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum

Gao Shan-shan,Li Dong-yu,Huo Zhuang-kun,Zhang Yong-lei,Cao Yi-zhuo,Tan Yue-yao,Guo Xin-long,Zhang Jia-hao,Zhang Kun-peng,Li Rui-min 한국응용곤충학회 2022 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.25 No.4

Insect glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play a crucial role in the detoxification of exogenous compounds, especially insecticides and plant allelochemicals. A sigma class GST gene, TcGSTS7, mediates the response to eugenol in Tribolium castaneum. However, the mechanism underlying this effect remains largely unknown. In this study, TcGSTS7, which exhibits a structural motif and domain organization characteristic of GSTs, was cloned from the T. castaneum genome. Spatiotemporal expression analysis revealed that TcGSTS7 was most highly expressed at the late larva stage and was mainly expressed in the fat body and epidermis of larvae and adults, suggesting that TcGSTS7 may play a potential role in the protection against toxic xenobiotics in T. castaneum. Furthermore, the expression of TcGSTS7 was significantly induced after exposure to eugenol, while RNA inter ference (RNAi) targeting TcGSTS7 enhanced the sensitivity of the beetle to eugenol, indicating that TcGSTS7 is involved in the tolerance of T. castaneum to this insecticide. Interestingly, the depletion of TcCncC, which encodes a transcription factor of the CncC pathway that has been associated with the regulation of detoxification-related genes in insects, led to a reduction in the TcGSTS7 transcript level following exposure to eugenol, which suggests that TcGSTS7 acts downstream of the CncC pathway. Combined, these results indicated that TcGSTS7 partici pates in the tolerance of T. castaneum to phytochemicals in a CncC pathway-dependent manner. These findings have implications for the development of novel drugs for use in pest control.

Compressive behavior of circular hollow and concrete-filled steel tubular stub columns under atmospheric corrosion

Shan Gao,Zhen Peng,Xuanding Wang,Jiepeng Liu 국제구조공학회 2019 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.33 No.4

This paper aims to study the compressive behavior of circular hollow and concrete-filled steel tubular stub columns under simulated marine atmospheric corrosion. The specimens after salt spray corrosion were tested under axial compressive load. Steel grade and corrosion level were mainly considered in the study. The mechanical behavior of circular CFST specimens is compared with that of the corresponding hollow ones. Design methods for circular hollow and concrete-filled steel tubular stub columns are modified to consider the effect of marine atmospheric corrosion. The results show that linear fitting curves could be used to present the relationship between corrosion rate and the mechanical properties of steel after simulated marine atmospheric corrosion. The ultimate strength of hollow steel tubular and CFST columns decrease with the increase of corrosion rate while the ultimate displacement of those are hardly affected by corrosion rate. Increasing corrosion rate would change the failure of CFST stub column from ductile failure to brittle failure. Corrosion rate would decrease the ductility indexes of CFST columns, rather than those of hollow steel tubular columns. The confinement factor <i>ξ</i> of CFST columns decreases with the increase of corrosion rate while the ratio between test value and nominal value shows an opposite trend. With considering marine atmospheric corrosion, the predicted axial strength of hollow steel tubular and CFST columns by Chinese standard agree well with the tested values while the predictions by Japanese standard seem conservative.

Development of an Ultra-Slim System in Package (SiP)

Gao, Shan,Hong, Ju-Pyo,Kim, Jin-Su,Yoo, Do-Jae,Jeong, Tae-Sung,Choi, Seog-Moon,Yi, Sung The Korean Microelectronics and Packaging Society 2008 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.15 No.1

This paper reviews the current development of an ultra-slim SiP for Radio Frequency (RF) application, in which three flip chips, additional passive components and Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) filters are integrated side-by-side. A systematic investigation is carried out for the design optimization, process and reliability improvement of the package, which comprises several aspects: a design study based on the 3D thermo-mechanical finite element analysis of the packaging, the determination of stress, warpage distribution, critical failure zones, and the figuration of the effects of material properties, process conditions on the reliability of package. The optimized material sets for manufacturing process were determined which can reduce the number of testing samples from 75 to 2. In addition the molded underfilling (MUF) process is proposed which not only saves one manufacturing process, but also improves the thermo-mechanical performance of the package compared with conventional epoxy underfilling process. In the end, JEDEC's moisture sensitivity test, thermal cycle test and pressure cooker tests have also been carried out for reliability evaluation. The test results show that the optimized ultra-slim SiP has a good reliability performance.

SNR estimation for Adaptive Transmission in Satellite Communication Systems

Gao, Shan,Kim, Soo-young,Song, Sang-Seob 통신위성우주산업연구회 2005 Joint Conference on Satellite Communications Vol.2005 No.-

본 논문에서는 적응형 위성통신 시스템에서 사용될 수 있는 수신 신호 품질 추정 기법에 대하여 소개한다. 위성 통신 시스템에서 적응형 전송 방식을 사용하면 강우감쇠와 같이 신호의 품질을 급격히 저하시킬 수 있는 요인에 대하여 효과적으로 대처할 수 있다. 그러나, 적응형 전송 방식의 활용으로 인한 시스템의 성능 향상 및 용량 증가는 반드시 정확한 전송 방식 제어가 뒷받침되어야 한다. 이러한 전송 방식제어의 가장 중요한 요건 중의 하나가 수신되는 신호에 대한 정확한 품질을 추정하는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 점을 고려하여 적응형 위성 통신 시스템에서 가장 많이 사용하는 변조 방법 중의 하나인 M-ary PSK 에 대하여 효율적으로 적용할 수 있는 수신 신호 품질 추정 기법에 대하여 소개하고, 그 성능 시뮬레이션 결과를 제시한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 방식은 고차원의 PSK 변조방식에도 적용이 가능하며, 넓은 범위의 신호 대 잡음비 범위에 대하여 정확한 추정이 가능하다는 장점이 있다. This paper presents a signal quality estimation technique for adaptive satellite communication systems. The adaptive transmission scheme is one of the most effective ways to overcome performance degradation due to channel impairments such as rain attenuation. The performance enhancement and/or capacity increase due to adaptive transmission will be guaranteed provided by an intelligent control mechanism. The precise estimation of the quality estimation of the received signal is very important for the control mechanism. By considering this, we introduce a signal quality estimation technique for M-ary PSK schemes which are commonly used in satellite communication systems. We also demonstrate the performance simulation results. The proposed method can be applicable to high order modulation schemes and wide range of signal to noise ratio.

Oxidative stress increases the risk of pancreatic <i>β</i> cell damage in chronic renal hypertensive rats

Gao, Shan,Park, Byung M.,Cha, Seung A.,Bae, Ui J.,Park, Byung H.,Park, Woo H.,Kim, Suhn H. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2016 Physiological reports Vol.4 No.16

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Hypertension often occurs in conjunction with insulin resistance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether sustained renal hypertension increases the risk of diabetes mellitus in rats, and to define the underlying mechanisms. Two‐kidney, one‐clip hypertensive (2K1C) rats received captopril (50 mg/kg/day), <I>α</I>‐lipoic acid (100 mg/kg/day), or vehicle treatment for 3 months after surgery. Blood pressure was measured by tail cuff plethysmography. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), immunohistochemistry, and western blotting were performed. In addition, insulin secretion from islet cells was measured. OGTT yielded abnormal results, and the number of islet cells and the size of pancreatic <I>β</I>/<I>α</I> cells were decreased in 2K1C rats. Basal insulin levels were also reduced in the plasma. Insulin secretion from pancreatic islet cells in response to high glucose was also attenuated in 2K1C rats compared with sham rats. The levels of oxidative stress markers, including 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine and NADPH oxidase‐4, were increased in pancreatic tissue and pancreatic islets in 2K1C rats. The abnormalities observed in 2K1C rats were improved by captopril or <I>α</I>‐lipoic acid treatment. These findings indicate that sustained renal hypertension may lead to pancreatic dysfunction, increasing oxidative stress in pancreatic islets.</P>

Growth Inhibitory and Pro-Apoptotic Effects of Hirsuteine in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells through Targeting Sphingosine Kinase 1

Gao Shan,Guo Tingting,Luo Shuyu,Zhang Yan,Ren Zehao,Lang Xiaona,Hu Gaoyong,Zuo Duo,Jia Wenqing,Kong Dexin,Yu Haiyang,Qiu Yuling 한국응용약물학회 2022 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.30 No.6

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a slowly progressing hematopoietic cell disorder. Sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) plays established roles in tumor initiation, progression, and chemotherapy resistance in a wide range of cancers, including leukemia. However, small-molecule inhibitors targeting SPHK1 in CML still need to be developed. This study revealed the role of SPHK1 in CML and investigated the potential anti-leukemic activity of hirsuteine (HST), an indole alkaloid obtained from the oriental plant Uncaria rhynchophylla, in CML cells. These results suggest that SPHK1 is highly expressed in CML cells and that overexpression of SPHK1 represents poor clinical outcomes in CML patients. HST exposure led to G2/M phase arrest, cellular apoptosis, and downregulation of Cyclin B1 and CDC2 and cleavage of Caspase 3 and PARP in CML cells. HST shifted sphingolipid rheostat from sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) towards the ceramide coupled with a marked inhibition of SPHK1. Mechanistically, HST significantly blocked SPHK1/S1P/S1PR1 and BCR-ABL/PI3K/Akt pathways. In addition, HST can be docked with residues of SPHK1 and shifts the SPHK1 melting curve, indicating the potential protein-ligand interactions between SPHK1 and HST in both CML cells. SPHK1 overexpression impaired apoptosis and proliferation of CML cells induced by HST alone. These results suggest that HST, which may serve as a novel and specific SPHK1 inhibitor, exerts anti-leukemic activity by inhibiting the SPHK1/S1P/ S1PR1 and BCR-ABL/PI3K/Akt pathways in CML cells, thus conferring HST as a promising anti-leukemic drug for CML therapy in the future.