부산지역 수돗물과 지하수의 중금속 농도

김준연,손지언,김형수,김두희,원미숙,김인식,이혜령 동아대학교 산업의학연구소 2000 산업의학연구소 논총 Vol.- No.5

This study investigated mean airborne CO concention of 15 workplaces, suspected of CO exposure and conducted self-reported questionnaire completion and indirect COHb concentration measure using Micro II Smokerlyzer to healthy 702 adult subjects from 1999 May to 1999 September in order to find a relation of CO exposure and occupational factors, socioeconomic factors, and health related behaviors and confirm the related conditions in the screening test for CO exposure. The results of this study were summarized as follows : 1. In the CO exposed and non exposed group, COHb concentrations of the smokers were 2.55±0.96% and 2.21±0.97% and that got a statistically significant difference, There were not statistically significant differences in the age and total smoking index. Passed times after the last smoking, Working time/day, and working duration were statistically significant difference (p〈0.05). 2. In the CO exposed and non exposed group, COHb concentrations of non-smoking group were 0.94±0.35% and 0.68±0.47% and that got a statistically significant difference. There were not statistically significant differences in the age and working duration but Working time/day was a statistically significant difference(p〈0.05). 3. In the CO exposed group, r-square of multiple regression of the smokers was 38.5 % and passed time after the last smoking, working time/day, and job category were statistically significant differences (p〈0.05). And r-square in the CO non-exposed group was 38.3 % and age, passed time after the last smoking, and total smoking index were statistically significant difference. 4. In the CO exposed group, r-square of multiple repression of the non-smokers was 66.3% and job category and airborne CO concentration were statistically significant differences(p〈0.05). But r-square of non-smokers in the CO non-exposed group was 1.0% and there was not a statistically significant difference(p〈0.05). 5. In the smokers of CO exposed and non exposed groups, relation of COHb concentration and passed time after the last smoking was expressed as exponential function, Y = 2.9182e-0.0083x and r-square of this function was 37.4%. Therefore it was more than 150 minutes that passed time after the last smoking was when COHb concentrations were measured as less than 1%. In conclusion, variable, that was statistically significant to COHb concentraion in the both CO exposed and non-exposed smokers, was a passed time after the last smoking. We suggest that you have to restrict the smoking of smokers at least 150 minutes in the exposed and non exposed group before COHb concentration measure in order to exclude smoking effects

예비체육교사의 패럴림픽에 대한 이해도 비교 연구

김상두(Sang Doo Kim),김준석(Jun Sik Kim) 한국사회체육학회 2014 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.57

The purpose of this study is to find out the level of understanding for pre-service physical-education teachers about the Paralympics and the differences between physical education majors and adapted physical education majors. For the purpose of the survey, a distinct difference between the groups on a survey has been identified. The survey material used for this study with a modification is based on Yeon-Sook Ko, Kyung-Sook Kim``s modified survey(2005) that scale analysis of disability attitude factor, which DFS(Disability Factor Scale) invented by Siller(1983) and translated by Jong-Nam Lee(1994), was used as a reference. For this study, collected 380 papers of information was updated and SPSS 18.0 program was used for its analysis with significant level of 5 percent or below. The frequency analysis has been conducted to figure out the subject``s general features, and t-test which is mean difference analysis and One-Way ANOVA have been conducted to see the awareness of the Paralympics. These tests were also used to verify differences between the two groups differentiated by major. The result are as followed. First, male have better understanding toward Paralympics than female do. However, none of statistical significance-difference was found. Second, the level of understanding toward Paralympics for all graders shows no sign of statistical significance-difference. Third, overall, adapted physical education majors have decent level of understanding toward Paralympics and the gap created from the fact, that whether he/she took adapted physical education classes, was shown. Fourth, a group with experience of volunteering turned out to have high level of understanding toward Paralympics and statistical significance-difference was found. It is shown that the differences about understanding toward Paralympics between the groups exist and pre-service physical-education teachers have lower level of understanding toward Paralympics compared to adapted physical-education majors. Fifth, the understanding level of pre-service physical-education teachers indicates areal gap and classes taken. In this study, a survey has been developed to find out the understanding level of Paralympics, which is one of the major events, for pre-service physical-education teachers and the differences between the groups have been identified. In this study which is to develop a survey as base line data to vitalize , it is suggested as followed. First, due to the fact that pre-service physical-education teachers were the subject for this study, an additionalstudy for a group of teachers who are currently working in the field should be made. Second, this study is only for major events of disabled for Paralympics. Later on, hence, study including morefeatures is a mandatory, such as various games, domestic sports festival for the people with handicapped. Third, due to this study is focused on pre-service physical education teacher, later, research which is forspecial education teacher should be needed for their better physical education service.

경막외 혈액 봉합술을 시행받은 자발성 두개내 저압 환자의 분석

김두식,유수봉,윤상호 고신대학교 의과대학 2009 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.24 No.2

Background : Spontaneous intracranial hypotension(SIH) is found as a not uncommon cause of headache recently. We wanted to study its demographic characteristics, presenting symptoms and findings and the effect of autologous epidural blood patch (AEBP). Methods : We retrospectively analyzed medical records of 11 patients who were diagnosed of spontaneous intracranial hypotension and treated with AEBP from March of 2006 to October of 2009. Results : Age of patients(10 female and 1 male) was ranged from 29 to 51 years (mean 38.8 years). Their presenting symptoms included typical postural headache(11/11), nausea and vomiting(7/11), dizziness(2/11), stiff neck or neck pain(2/11), shoulder pain(2/11), and back pain(1/11). In nine patients CSF pressure was checked, CSF pressure was less than 6 cmH2O in 8 patients. In nine of eleven patients, CSF leakage was detected in cisternography. Brain MRI showed diffuse meningeal enhancement in six patients and subdural hematoma in one. VAS of postural headache decreased from 8-10(mean 9.6) to 1-5(mean 1.6) after AEBP. Conclusion : Most of the SIH patients were otherwise healthy people. It was prevalent among women, especially young adult. AEBP showed as an excellent treatment modality.

부정부패와 사회발전

김두식 大邱大學校 社會科學硏究所 1999 社會科學硏究 Vol.6 No.3

부정부패는 개발도상국가 뿐만 아니라 선진국에서도 끊임없이 발생하고 있다. 이러한 부정부패는 90년대 들어 세계적으로 관심의 대상이 되고 있을 뿐만 아니라 실제로 그 수가 증가하고 있기도 하다. 그 이유로서 냉전구조의 변화, 세계화과정의 확산, 관료기구의 정비, 정치적 민주화, NGO의 활동 등을 들 수 있을 것이다. 부정부패를 유발하는 요인들로서는 일반적으로 국가활동과 관료제의 성격, 관료의 임금수준, 처벌체계, 내적 통제기제, 법규범과 그 집행절차의 투명성, 지도자의 모범, 그리고 정치체제의 문제 등을 들 수 있다. 이러한 부정부패는 개인적인 차원, 제도적 차원 혹은 사회체제적 차원에 이르기까지 그 유형과 영향의 범위가 다양하다. 부정부패는 일반적으로 사회의 효율성을 감소시키고 구조적인 왜곡 현상을 증가시키며 빈곤과 불평등을 심화시킬 뿐만 아니라 정치체제자체에 대한 정당성의 위기를 초래하여 사회적 정치적 경제적 안정을 저해하게 된다. 우리의 경우 이러한 부정부패는 산업화와 병행하여 그 성장 단계에 따라 상이한 성격을 지니면서 구조적으로 누적되어 왔으며, 사회발전, 특히 경제성장에 부정적인 결과를 초래해 온 것으로 밝혀졌다. 오늘 우리가 경험하고 있는 IMF위기는 20여 년간 구조적으로 누적되어 온 이러한 부정부패의 결과라고 할 수 있다. 이러한 부정부패의 최종적인 피해자는 빈곤층이기 때문에 부정부패 척결을 위한 개혁작업은 이러한 점을 염두에 두어야 할 것이다.

Collective Behavior; 理論的 諸傾向들에 關한 一考察(Ⅱ) : 社會學的 傾向을 中心으로 especially on the sociological orientations

金斗植 韓社大學 1981 대학논문집 Vol.11 No.-

Since Gustave LeBon's study on collective behavior, there have been several kinds of theoretical orientation to the collective behavior. They are psychological, social psychological, sociological orientations in general. In this article, our main interest focuses on Sociological viewpoint. In general, two main streams which have sociological viewpoint can be divided. First, Emergent norm theory denies the homogeneity of crowd, which is held by contagion theorist and convergence theorist. This viewpoint rather insist on norm to which individual of crowd must conform in the crowd situation. So this norm is named emergent norm. Turner is one of the scholars who have this viewpoint. Another viewpoint is held by Neil J. Smelser. He explains collective behavior by structural determinants and components of social action. Structural determinants are structural conduciveness, strain, spread of generalized belief, precipitating factor, mobilization for action, operation of social control. Value, norm, mobilization into organized role, situational facilities are components of social action. Each structural determinant is identified by value-added approach. He considers characterization of collective behavior as an institutionalized mobilization for action in order to modify one or more kinds of strain on the basis of a generalized reconstitution of a component of social action. In order for further understanding of human behavior such as collective behavior, it will be necessary to explore various theoretical viewpoints and also investigate cooperation of these theoretical orientations.

파라핀에 포매한 형질세포종양 조직에서의 CD56의 발현 증가와 진단적 유용성

김석형,박찬식,최은영,강현욱,박성희,정두현 대한병리학회 2001 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.35 No.3

척수신경결찰 흰쥐에서 척수강내로 투여한 Memantine의 기계적 항이질통 효과

김두식 고신대학교의과대학 2008 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.23 No.4

Background : Peripheral nerve injury can cause neuropathic pain states in which patients report painful sensation to stimuli that are normally innocuous (allodynia), or enhanced pain mechanism underlying neuropathic pain states are poorly understood. Since spinal glutamate receptor activation is a critical step in central sensitization, leading to spinal hyperexcitability in pain processing. Methods : Letf L5/6 spinal nerves were tightly ligated (SNL) to induce neuropathic pain in Harlan Sprague Dawley rats as described by Kim et al (1992). Two weeks after SNL, memantine 2 mg/kg directly injected into L5/6 spinal region in 10 μl followed by 10 μl saline. Hind paw withdrawal thresholds (PWT) to von Frey filament stimulation were tested for mechanical hypersensitivity in SNL rats injected intrathecally with memantine, before and post intrathecal injections in a blinded manner as detailed in Chaplan et al (1994). Results : Intrathecal injection of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist memantine significantly reversed the allodynia state in SNL rats. Conclusion : The evidence provided by the study shows a strong correlation between inhibition of NMDA receptors and tactile allodynia. Increased NMDA activation can lead to a tactile allodynia under innocuous stimuli. Memantine can block the facilitated state of NMDA receptors and tactile allodynia in the SNL rats.

자연과 사회의 관계 : 사회구성론과 실재론적 관점의 비교 Social Constructionism versus Realism

김두식 大邱大學校 社會科學硏究所 2000 社會科學硏究 Vol.7 No.3

자연과 사회간의 관계는 그 동안 사회학의 핵심적인 관심분야는 아니었다. 그러나 오늘날 환경문제가 주요한 사회문제의 하나로 인식되면서 자연/사회관계에 대한 새로운 사회학적인 도전이 제기되고 있다. 이러한 도전들은 자연/사회관계에 대한 물질적인 측면과 관념적인 측면을 강조하는 상반되는 입장들이 공존하고 있는가 하면, 자연환경이 과연 사회학의 대상이 될 수 있는가 없는가하는 문제 등에 관련된 이원론적인 상이한 입장들이 있다. 사회학의 선구자들은 대체로 자연환경이 사회적인 것이 아니라는 부정적인 시각을 가지고 있다. 오늘날 이러한 전통은 자연/사회관계를 개념화하는 다양한 방식의 차이로 이어지고 있다. 실재론은 자연을 사회과정과는 독립적이고 객관적인 실체로서 인정하는 반면에 사회구성주의는 자연은 사회문화적 과정과 개인의 의식활동의 산물로서 이해하고 있다. 이들 중 극단적인 유형은 결정론적이고 이원론적인 성격을 지니는 한계가 있다. 자연/사회관계에 대한 이원론과 결정론을 극복하기 위해 자연/사회관계의 성격과 유형에 관한 절충주의적인 개념화 방식을 제시한다.

Air-Pulsing에 의한 SS여과와 인제거 특성에 관한 연구

김무식,김학석,이두희 대구보건대학 2005 대구보건대학 論文集 Vol.25 No.-

This study was performed to evaluate the ability of air-lifting and air-pulsing system which was applied a wastewater treatment facilities to retrofit the system. The factors of operating the system are hydraulic retention time, MLSS concentration and direct rejection time respectively. The experiments and results are as follows ; 1) It was the rejection time which enhanced the phosphorus removal efficiency in this system to reduce the secondary P-release to deteriorate the treated water. It was shown that the T-P removal was over 90% in HRT of 8 hours but the variation of air-lifting time from 30 minutes to 60 minutes were not fluctuated the removal efficiency of T-P. It means that the efficiency is no subject to air-lifting time. 2) The direct rejection process using the air-pulsing system was effective to protect the fouling in membrane and the concentration of effluent SS was stabilized during the operating period.

세계화 과정에서의 사회발전과 환경문제

김두식 大邱大學校 社會科學硏究所 1997 社會科學硏究 Vol.4 No.2

오늘날 세계는 환경문제의 심각성에 대해 한편으로는 초국가적으로 관심과 우려를 표명하고 그 해결책을 공동으로 모색하면서도 다른 한편에서는 갈둥구조가 동시에 존재하는 매우 복합적인 상황에 직면해 있다. 뿐만아니라 저개발국의 환경파괴는 여전히 지속되고 있고 그럼에도 불구하고 선진국들이 지구환경문제해결에 저개발국가들보다 더 적극적인 것이 오늘의 세계화과정의 모습이다. 이러한 현상을 기존의 논리들은 만족하게 설명하고 있지 못하다. 이를 극복하고 이 연구에서 제시하는 관점은 현재의 세계화과정은 세계자본주의의 재구조화과정이며 이러한 재구조화과정은 기존의 불평등구조를 확대재생산하는 초국가적 활동을 그 특징으로 하는 것으로 이해한다. 따라서 환경문제 역시 이러한 세계화과정의 한 영역이며 이러한 세계화과정의 맥락에서 환경문제를 이해하기 위해 초국적 기업, 소비주의,그리고 환경주의간의 상호작용이라는 측면을 밝히고자 하였다. 즉 세계체제에서의 불평등구조가 현존하는 오늘날의 세계화과정에서는 초국적 기업, 소비주의,환경주의로 대변되는 초국적 활동들간의 역동적인 상호작용 방식에 따라 초국적인 차원에서 개별국가 혹은 개별 사회의 발전유형과 환경주의 및 환경문제의 성격이 결정된다는 점을 강조하였다.