Global vs. Local Liquidity Traps

David Cook,Michael B. Devereux 서울대학교 경제연구소 2011 Seoul journal of economics Vol.24 No.4

This paper examines demand spillovers in a two country open economy model to a demand shock newline (emanating from a single, source country) sufficiently large to push one or both countries into a liquidity trap. The zero lower bound on nominal interest rates keeps the central bank in the source country from fully adjusting monetary policy. We describe a two country New Keynesian model with sufficient home bias so as to exclude symmetric movements in response to demand shocks. We study conditions under which a liquidity trap in one country might spillover to a trading partner. We study, under which conditions, a liquidity trap in one country will lead to a liquidity trap in another country. We also show conditions under which a liquidity trap in another country can spillover into an output expansion in a trading partner.

Prevalence and prediction of augmented renal clearance in the neurocritical care population

Cook Aaron M.,Li David,Nestor Melissa A.,Bastin Melissa L. Thompson 대한신경집중치료학회 2022 대한신경집중치료학회지 Vol.15 No.2

Background: Augmented renal clearance (ARC; creatinine clearance [CrCl] >130 mL/min/1.73 m2) is prevalent in patients with neurological injuries and may influence their exposure to important pharmacological therapies. Little is known about the relationship between estimated and measured CrCl in this population.Methods: This single-center, prospective, observational cohort study aimed to describe the association between ARC and estimated CrCl and neurological outcomes in a broad neurocritical care population. Prospective patient screening criteria included adults aged 18–85 years, with critical illness due to neurologic causes (such as ischemic stroke or subarachnoid hemorrhage) and lack of renal dysfunction on admission. Patients who had at least one urine CrCl measurement performed within the first 7 days of hospitalization were included. Two cohorts were evaluated: those with ARC and those without ARC. Results: Fifty-seven patients were included, of whom 49 (86%) exhibited ARC. Subjects with ARC were more likely to be male and had a significantly higher median measured CrCl (201.7 mL/min/1.73 m2) than those without ARC (109.8 mL/min/1.73 m2). The Augmented Renal Clearance in Trauma Intensive Care (ARCTIC) score displayed the strongest association (vs. CrCl equations) with ARC development (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.648). Conclusion: The prevalence of ARC in the present study of a broad neurocritical care population appeared to be high (86%). The ARCTIC score had higher sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing ARC than the common serum creatinine-based estimation.

문항반응이론 기반 PCL-R 비교문화 연구 : 한국문화에서의 사이코패시는?

서종한,이수정,David, J. Cooke 한국형사정책연구원 2017 형사정책연구 Vol.112 No.-

The current study aimed to analyze the metric equivalence of PCL-R between UK and Korea. Until now, many previous studies has also reported that psychopathy ratings of offenders among other countries made using PCL-R were not metrically equivalent with each other, finding differential item functions. In this study, we evaluated the cross-cultural validity of psychopathic personality disorder by comparing ratings from a number of Korean offenders to those from United Kingdom. Overall, the findings suggested the presence of a significant culture bias in PCL-R ratings. For example, cross-cultural stability was comparatively highest for symptoms related to deficient affective experience (factor2), suggesting that they may be the pan-cultural core for the disorder as well as provide highest information to distinguish the psychopath in Korea. These results may have cultural implications for the cross-cultural comparison research based on the PCL-R and the clinical and diagnostic application of the PCL-R in Korea. 본 연구는 현재 국내에서 사이코패시 진단을 목적으로 활용하고 있는 PCL-R의 국내 타당화를 목적으로 계량적 동일성 검증차원에서 분석이 이루어졌다. 영국과 한국 수용시설에서 수용중인 대단위 범죄자 집단을 대상으로 하였으며 문항반응이론을 활용하여 문항, 요인, 검사 간 동일성을 검정하고자 하였다. 국내외에서 적용중이 13문항 3모델을 기준으로 비교분석하였고 어떤 문항에서 차별기능문항이 존재하는지 찾아보고자 하였다. 그 결과 13문항 중 3문항을 제외한 10개의 문항에서 일관성 혹은 비일관성 있게 변별력과 난위도에서 차이점을 보였고 특히 일부 요인 간에서도 의미 있는 차이점을 보였다. 요인 1과 3에 비해 상대적으로 요인 2는 문화적인 차이가 적게 나타났고 요인 1의 경우 두 문화 간 가장 높은 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 뿐만 아니라 요인 2의 경우 가장 많은 정보와 변별력을 보이는 것으로 볼 때 사이코패시 진단에 임상적인 준거로써 활용치가 높을 것으로 사려 되었다. 차별기능문항에 문화적 이해와 해석을 바탕으로 국내에 적용중인 절단점에 대한 권고사항을 서설하였으며 사이코패시 진단의 경우 한국 문화의 고유한 특성을 반영할 필요가 있음을 기술하였다.

Priorities in updating training paradigms in orthopedic manual therapy: an international Delphi study

Damian Keter,David Griswold,Kenneth Learman,Chad Cook 한국보건의료인국가시험원 2023 보건의료교육평가 Vol.20 No.-

Purpose Orthopedic manual therapy (OMT) education demonstrates significant variability between philosophies and while literature has offered a more comprehensive understanding of the contextual, patient specific, and technique factors which interact to influence outcome, most OMT training paradigms continue to emphasize the mechanical basis for OMT application. The purpose of this study was to establish consensus on modifications & adaptions to training paradigms which need to occur within OMT education to align with current evidence. Methods A 3-round Delphi survey instrument designed to identify foundational knowledge to include and omit from OMT education was completed by 28 educators working within high level manual therapy education programs internationally. Round 1 consisted of open-ended questions to identify content in each area. Round 2 and Round 3 allowed participants to rank the themes identified in Round 1. Results Consensus was reached on 25 content areas to include within OMT education, 1 content area to omit from OMT education, and 34 knowledge components which should be present in those providing OMT. Support was seen for education promoting understanding the complex psychological, neurophysiological, and biomechanical systems as they relate to both evaluation and treatment effect. While some concepts were more consistently supported there was significant variability in responses which is largely expected to be related to previous training. Conclusion The results of this study indicate manual therapy educators understanding of evidence-based practice as support for all 3 tiers of evidence were represented. The results of this study should guide OMT training program development and modification.

Diclofenac-Associated Hepatotoxicity

Helfgott, Simon M.,Sandberg-Cook, Joanne,Zakim, David,Nestler, Jeffry MediMedia Korea 1991 JAMA-Korea Vol.6 No.2

Anterior Talofibular Ligament and Superior Extensor Ankle Retinaculum Thicknesses: Relationship with Balance

Malloy, Brooke,Furrow, David,Cook, Haily,Smoot, Elizabeth,Cash, Lindsey,Aron, Adrian,Jagger, Kristen,Harper, Brent Korean FootAnkle Society 2019 대한족부족관절학회지 Vol.23 No.4

Purpose: This study determined if anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)/superior extensor ankle retinaculum (SEAR) thicknesses are related to dynamic balance in individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Materials and Methods: The subjects were 14 males and 15 females (age=24.52±3.46 years). Ankle instability was assessed using the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) with a cut off score of 25 to define two groups. SonoSite MTurbo (Fugifilm Sonosite, Inc.) musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSKUS) unit was used to assess ATFL and SEAR thicknesses. Dynamic balance was measured with the Y Balance Test (YBT) and two NeuroCom balance tests. Results: There were no significant differences in the average ATFL thickness between stable and unstable ankles in those subjects with CAI (0.25±0.03 cm and 0.21±0.05 cm, respectively) or in the SEAR thickness (0.09±0.04 cm and 0.10±0.03 cm, respectively). There were also no significant differences in the right and left ATFL thicknesses (0.23±0.07 cm and 0.21±0.04 cm, respectively) or the SEAR thicknesses (0.09±0.01 cm and 0.09±0.01 cm, respectively) in those without CAI. There were no differences between limbs in composite scores on YBT in those with CAI (p=0.35) and those without CAI (p=0.33). There was a moderate correlation between the left SEAR thickness and the large forward/backward perturbations on the NeuroCom (Natus) motor control test (r=0.51, p=0.006 and r=0.54, p=0.003, respectively). Conclusion: There were no differences in the ATFL/SEAR thicknesses or balance measures between or within the groups, likely because CAI is multi-factorial and related to mechanisms other than tissue changes alone. More sensitive technology and a better definition of the measurement process may provide more definitive results.

Anterior Talofibular Ligament and Superior Extensor Ankle Retinaculum Thicknesses: Relationship with Balance

Adrian Aron,Brooke Malloy,David Furrow,Haily Cook,Elizabeth Smoot,Lindsey Cash,Kristen Jagger,Brent Harper 대한족부족관절학회 2019 대한족부족관절학회지 Vol.23 No.4

Purpose: This study determined if anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)/superior extensor ankle retinaculum (SEAR) thicknesses are related to dynamic balance in individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Materials and Methods: The subjects were 14 males and 15 females (age=24.52±3.46 years). Ankle instability was assessed using the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) with a cut off score of 25 to define two groups. SonoSite MTurbo (Fugifilm Sonosite, Inc.) musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSKUS) unit was used to assess ATFL and SEAR thicknesses. Dynamic balance was measured with the Y Balance Test (YBT) and two NeuroCom balance tests. Results: There were no significant differences in the average ATFL thickness between stable and unstable ankles in those subjects with CAI (0.25±0.03 cm and 0.21±0.05 cm, respectively) or in the SEAR thickness (0.09±0.04 cm and 0.10±0.03 cm, respectively). There were also no significant differences in the right and left ATFL thicknesses (0.23±0.07 cm and 0.21±0.04 cm, respectively) or the SEAR thicknesses (0.09±0.01 cm and 0.09±0.01 cm, respectively) in those without CAI. There were no differences between limbs in composite scores on YBT in those with CAI (p=0.35) and those without CAI (p=0.33). There was a moderate correlation between the left SEAR thickness and the large forward/backward perturbations on the NeuroCom (Natus) motor control test (r=0.51, p=0.006 and r=0.54, p=0.003, respectively). Conclusion: There were no differences in the ATFL/SEAR thicknesses or balance measures between or within the groups, likely because CAI is multi-factorial and related to mechanisms other than tissue changes alone. More sensitive technology and a better definition of the measurement process may provide more definitive results.

Chinese Enterprises’ Investment in Infrastructure Construction in Cambodia

( Fang Hu ),( Xiekui Zhang ),( Mingming Hu ),( David Lee Cook ) 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2019 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.43 No.1

One of the important means of promoting connectivity and cooperation between China and Cambodia is Chinese enterprises’ investment in Cambodian infrastructure construction. The Belt and Road Initiative proposed by China brings both opportunities and challenges for Cambodia’s economic development. Through an analysis of detailed case studies, in this article we review the background on Chinese infrastructure investment in Cambodia and identify factors in the approach to investment by Chinese enterprises in the Cambodian context that appear to underlie these challenges and suggest opportunities for improvements.

A Study of Two Dwarf Irregular Galaxies with Asymmetrical Star Formation Distributions

Hunter, Deidre A.,Gallardo, Samavarti,Zhang, Hong-Xin,Adamo, Angela,Cook, David O.,Oh, Se-Heon,Elmegreen, Bruce G.,Kim, Hwihyun,Kahre, Lauren,Ubeda, Leonardo,Bright, Stacey N.,Ryon, Jenna E.,Fumagalli American Astronomical Society 2018 The Astrophysical journal Vol.855 No.1

<P>Two dwarf irregular galaxies, DDO 187 and NGC 3738, exhibit a striking pattern of star formation: intense star formation is taking place in a large region occupying roughly half of the inner part of the optical galaxy. We use data on the H I distribution and kinematics and stellar images and colors to examine the properties of the environment in the high star formation rate (HSF) halves of the galaxies in comparison with the low star formation rate halves. We find that the pressure and gas density are higher on the HSF sides by 30%-70%. In addition we find in both galaxies that the H I velocity fields exhibit significant deviations from ordered rotation and there are large regions of high-velocity dispersion and multiple velocity components in the gas beyond the inner regions of the galaxies. The conditions in the HSF regions are likely the result of large-scale external processes affecting the internal environment of the galaxies and enabling the current star formation there.</P>

Aneurysm of the Posterior Meningeal Artery Embedded Within a Dorsal Exophytic Medullary Hemangioblastoma: Surgical Management and Review of Literature

Kunal P. Raygor,Nathan C. Rowland,Daniel L. Cooke,David A. Solomon,Michael C. Huang 대한뇌혈관외과학회 2014 Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neuros Vol.16 No.3

Hemangioblastomas are World Health Organization (WHO) Grade I neoplasmsof the hindbrain and spinal cord, whose management can becomplicated by preoperative hemorrhage. We report on a case of ayoung female in extremis with posterior fossa hemorrhage following ruptureof a fusiform posterior meningeal artery aneurysm embedded withina medullary hemangioblastoma. We discuss management options, includingoperative staging and embolization, and review similar cases of hemangioblastomaassociated with aneurysm.