다구치 기법을 이용한 차량 현가계 하드포인트의 동력학적 최적화에 관한 연구

김동규,김우영,백종진 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 2004 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.26 No.2

This paper presents a method to optimize the suspension geometry, that is, hard points in front double whishbone type suspension of a jeep using the multi body dynamic simulation software and Taguchi method. The hard points have an effect on toe angle largely. The vehicle models include front and rear suspensions and are modeled with the interconnection of rigid bodies by kinematic joints and force elements using DADS. The design variables to have an effecton the kinematic characteristics are obtained through the parametric study and sensitive analysis with bump steer simulation of front suspension. An objective function is defined as the area of absolute differences between the desired and experimental toe angle. The design vahables that make the toe angle optimized are selected using the Taguchi method. The objective function for handling performance is RMU(Root Mean Squares) of the roll angle, roll rate, yaw rate, and lateral acceleration at center of the gravity of a body while lane change. To evaluate hard points of the optimized the front suspension, lane change simulations are performed.

의과대학 학생의료 봉사를 위한 농촌지역 사회진단 : 충청북도 진천군 백곡면 Baek-Gok Myun, Jin-Cheon Gun, Chung-Cheong-Buk Do

강지욱,조지희,황희성,김금미,백혜승,신정현 이화여자대학교 의과대학 1986 梨花醫學誌 Vol.- No.18

A Study on environmental sanitation and health status was made so as to be able to plan for effective medical student health survice in a Korean rural community Baek-Gok Myun. For the study, total 263 households of three Ries out of nine Ries wer selected and an interview using family record and questionnair was carried out for each household by 10 medical students from July, 22, to 26, 1985. And following results were obtained: 1) Population of three Ries was 1,234; male, 645 and female, 589. Sex ratio: 109.5 2) Family size : The average household consisted of 4.5 persons. 3) Dependency rate : 68.3% Environmental sanitation: 1) The source of drinking water. water distribution system 60.1% well pump 36.5% spring water 3.4% 2) The kind of using privy proved-privy 83.3% pit-privy 15.6% openair privy 1.1% 3) Distance between well and using privy more than 10m 46.7% 5-9m 36.2% less than 5m 17.1% Status of chronic illness: 1) Morbidity rate: 120.7 per 1,000 population 2) Usual causes of illness Arthritis 16.0% Neuralgia 9.4% Notalgia 8.7% Maternal & Child Health: 1) Prenatal care rate: 27.0% 2) Average number of pregnancy : 3.7±1.9times 3) Abortion rate : 26.0% 4) Delivery rate in medical facilities : 28.0% 5) Vaccination rate DPT 87.5% Poliomyelitis 81.9% BCG 80.6% Measles 70.8% 6) Planned weaning rate : 13.0% 7) Child death experience rate : 6.0% Family planning 1) Family planning practice rate : 73.0% 2) Used methods Sterilization 53.0% (Male 4.0%, Female 49.0%) I.U.D 14.0% Oral pill 5.0% Others 10.0%

우리나라 일별 강수발생의 확률과 주기성의 특성

문승의,김백조,하창환 한국환경과학회 1997 한국환경과학회지 Vol.6 No.2

The characteristics on the transtion probabilities and periodicity for the daily precipitation occurrence in Korean peninsula are investigated by applying the Markov chain properties to daily precipitation occurrence. In order to examine the responses of Markov Chain properties to the applied period and their magnitudes, three cases (Case A: 1956∼1985 at 14 stations, Case B: 1965∼1994 at 14 stations, and Case C: 1985∼1994 at 63 stations) are considered in this study. The transition probabilities from wet day to wet day for all cases are about 0.50 and in summer, especially July, are higher. In addition, considering them in each station we can find that they are the highest at Ullung-do and lowest at Inchon for all cases. The annual equilibrium probabilities of a wet day appear 0.31 in Case A, 0.30 Case B, and 0.29 Case C, respectively. This may explain that as the data-period used becomes shorter, the higher the equilibrium probability is. The seasonal distributions of equilibrium probabilities are appeared the lowest(0.23∼0.28) in winter and the highest(more than 0.39) in spring and monthly in July and in October, repectively. The annual mean wet duration for all cases is 2.04 days in Case A, 1.99 Case B, and 1.89 Case C, repectively. The weather cycle obtained from the annual mean wet and dry duration is 6.54∼6.59 days, which are closely associated with the movement of synoptic systems. And the statistical tests show that the transitions of daily precipitation occurrence for all cases may have two-state first Markov chain property, being the stationarity in time and heterogeneity in space.

Possible Linkage between the East Asian Winter Monsoon and the Summer Rainfall in Korea

Baek-Jo Kim,Ronghui Huang,Riyu Lu 한국기상학회 2002 Korean Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences Vol.5 No.S

Sucrose and methyl jasmonate modulate the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes and increase the frequency of flower-color mutants in chrysanthemum

Kim, Sang Hoon,Kim, Ye-Sol,Jo, Yeong Deuk,Kang, Si-Yong,Ahn, Joon-Woo,Kang, Byoung-Cheorl,Kim, Jin-Baek International Society for Horticultural Science 2019 Scientia horticulturae Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>γ-rays have been used to develop many mutations in diverse ornamental plants, including chrysanthemum, of which most changes have been flower color. Flower color is determined by plant pigments, including anthocyanins, which are affected by mutation of genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. Sucrose and plant hormones also crosstalk in complex signaling pathways and modulate anthocyanin biosynthesis. In this study, we determined the optimal sucrose and plant hormone treatments for expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes and compared the mutation frequency among sucrose, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and/or γ-ray treatments in chrysanthemum. Anthocyanin biosynthesis genes were highly expressed with 50 mM sucrose treatment for 18 h. The highest expression levels of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes were observed under sucrose with MeJA treatment followed by MeJA treatment alone. Sucrose with abscisic acid (ABA) treatment, and ABA or GA<SUB>3</SUB> treatment alone, had no effect on expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. Sucrose with MeJA pre-treatment followed by γ-irradiation resulted in the highest mutation frequency (14.5%) among all treatments and a 1.5-fold increase in mutation frequency compared with γ-ray treatment alone. The ratio of anthocyanin-related flower-color mutants with sucrose and/or MeJA pre-treatments followed by γ-irradiation was higher than that with γ-ray treatment alone. Sucrose and/or MeJA modulated the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes and highly expressed genes may be affected more readily by γ-rays, thus resulting in an increased frequency of anthocyanin-related flower-color mutants in chrysanthemum.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Sucrose and plant hormones modulate the expression of genes in the anthocyanin pathway. </LI> <LI> The expression of the genes was maximized at 18 h after treatment of 50 mM sucrose in chrysanthemum. </LI> <LI> The expression of the genes was highly increased by treatment of sucrose with methyl jasmonate. </LI> <LI> Pre-treatment of sucrose with methyl jasmonate increased the frequency of flower-color mutants induced by γ-irradiation. </LI> </UL> </P>

기상경제 연구 현황과 전망

Baek-Jo KIM,Changbum CHO 한국기상학회 2013 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2013 No.4

Fluorine Functionalized Graphene Nano Platelets for Highly Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Kim, Gi-Hwan,Jang, Hyungsu,Yoon, Yung Jin,Jeong, Jaeki,Park, Song Yi,Walker, Bright,Jeon, In-Yup,Jo, Yimhyun,Yoon, Hyun,Kim, Minjin,Baek, Jong-Beom,Kim, Dong Suk,Kim, Jin Young American Chemical Society 2017 NANO LETTERS Vol.17 No.10

<P>Edged-selectively fluorine (F) functionalized graphene nanoplatelets (EFGnPs-F) with a p-i-n structure of perovskite solar cells achieved 82% stability relative to initial performance over 30 days of air exposure without encapsulation. The enhanced stability stems from F substitution on EFGnPs; fluorocarbons such as polytetrafluoroethylene are well-known for their superhydrophobic properties and being impervious to chemical degradation. These hydrophobic moieties tightly protect perovskite layers from air degradation. To directly compare the effect of similar hydrophilic graphene layers, edge-selectively hydrogen functionalized graphene nanoplatelet (EFGnPs-H) treated devices were tested under the same conditions. Like the pristine MAPbI(3) perovskite devices, EFGnPs-H treated devices were completely degraded after 10 days. The hydrophobic properties of EFGnPs-F were characterized by contact angle measurement. The test results showed great water repellency compared to pristine perovskite films or EFGnPs-H coated films. This resulted in highly air-stable p-i-n perovskite solar cells.</P>

Functional Biological Activity of Sorafenib as a Tumor-Treating Field Sensitizer for Glioblastoma Therapy

Jo, Yunhui,Kim, Eun Ho,Sai, Sei,Kim, Jin Su,Cho, Jae-Min,Kim, Hyeongi,Baek, Jeong-Hwa,Kim, Jeong-Yub,Hwang, Sang-Gu,Yoon, Myonggeun MDPI 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.19 No.11

<P>Glioblastoma, the most common primary brain tumor in adults, is an incurable malignancy with poor short-term survival and is typically treated with radiotherapy along with temozolomide. While the development of tumor-treating fields (TTFields), electric fields with alternating low and intermediate intensity has facilitated glioblastoma treatment, clinical outcomes of TTFields are reportedly inconsistent. However, combinatorial administration of chemotherapy with TTFields has proven effective for glioblastoma patients. Sorafenib, an anti-proliferative and apoptogenic agent, is used as first-line treatment for glioblastoma. This study aimed to investigate the effect of sorafenib on TTFields-induced anti-tumor and anti-angiogenesis responses in glioblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Sorafenib sensitized glioblastoma cells to TTFields, as evident from significantly decreased post-TTFields cell viability (<I>p</I> < 0.05), and combinatorial treatment with sorafenib and TTFields accelerated apoptosis via reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, as evident from Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. Furthermore, use of sorafenib plus TTFields increased autophagy, as evident from LC3 upregulation and autophagic vacuole formation. Cell cycle markers accumulated, and cells underwent a G2/M arrest, with an increased G0/G1 cell ratio. In addition, the combinatorial treatment significantly inhibited tumor cell motility and invasiveness, and angiogenesis. Our results suggest that combination therapy with sorafenib and TTFields is slightly better than each individual therapy and could potentially be used to treat glioblastoma in clinic, which requires further studies.</P>

Signal Analysis of the Wintertime 1000/500 h㎩ Mean Temperature over the Northeast Asia and North Pacific Region Using Scenario Simulations of ECHAM-3/LSG

Baek-Jo Kim,Heiko Paeth,Andreas Hense,Jai-Ho Oh,Won-Tae Kwon,Chun-Ho Cho 한국기상학회 2001 Korean Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences Vol.4 No.2

Comparison of FcRγ-Deficient and CD57+ Natural Killer Cells Between Cord Blood and Adult Blood in the Cytomegalovirus-Endemic Korean Population

Baek, Hee Jo,Kim, Da-Woon,Phan, Minh-Trang Thi,Kim, Ju-Sun,Yang, Ji-Hoon,Choi, Jeong Il,Lee, Je-Jung,Shin, Myung-Geun,Ryang, Dong-Wook,Kim, Sang-Ki,Lee, Seung-Hwan,Kook, Hoon,Cho, Duck The Korean Society for Laboratory Medicine 2015 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.35 No.4

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>FcRγ-deficient natural killer (NK) cells (g<SUP>-</SUP>NK cells) have been associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. However, the frequency of g<SUP>-</SUP>NK cells in a CMV-endemic area (i.e., Korea) has not yet been studied. We examined the frequency of g<SUP>-</SUP>NK cells and expression of CD57 on NK cells in cord blood (CB) and adult blood (AB).</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Of the 24 AB samples collected, 95.8% (23/24) were CMV IgG<SUP>+</SUP>/IgM<SUP>-</SUP>, while 100% of the 13 healthy CB samples were CMV IgG<SUP>+</SUP>/IgM<SUP>-</SUP>. We performed whole-blood flow cytometry assays to analyze intracellular FcRγ and CD3ζ expression of CD3<SUP>-</SUP>/CD56<SUP>dim</SUP> NK cells from 13 CB and 24 AB samples, and surface CD57 expression on CD3<SUP>-</SUP>/CD56<SUP>dim</SUP>/CD16<SUP>+</SUP> NK cells from 13 CB and 19 AB samples.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>All CMV seropositive AB samples contained g<SUP>-</SUP>NK cells (23/23), and the median proportion of g<SUP>-</SUP>NK cells in the CD3<SUP>-</SUP>/CD56<SUP>dim</SUP> NK cell pool was 35.0% (range: 11-77%). CD57<SUP>+</SUP> NK cells in the CD3<SUP>-</SUP>/CD56<SUP>dim</SUP>/CD16<SUP>+</SUP> NK cell population were detected in all 19 AB samples tested, but not in any CB samples.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Our data suggest that g<SUP>-</SUP>NK cells and CD57<SUP>+</SUP> NK cells are present at a very high frequency in CMV-seropositive AB, but rare in CMV-naïve CB.</P>