Plasma zinc's alter ego is a low-molecular-weight humoral factor

Ou, Ou,Allen-Redpath, Keith,Urgast, Dagmar,Gordon, Margaret-Jane,Campbell, Gill,Feldmann, Jö,rg,Nixon, Graeme F.,Mayer, Claus-Dieter,Kwun, In-Sook,Beattie, John H. The Federation of American Societies for Experimen 2013 The FASEB Journal Vol.27 No.9

<P>Mild dietary zinc deprivation in humans and rodents has little effect on blood plasma zinc levels, and yet cellular consequences of zinc depletion can be detected in vascular and other tissues. We proposed that a zinc-regulated humoral factor might mediate the effects of zinc deprivation. Using a novel approach, primary rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were treated with plasma from zinc-deficient (<1 mg Zn/kg) or zinc-adequate (35 mg Zn/kg, pair-fed) adult male rats, and zinc levels were manipulated to distinguish direct and indirect effects of plasma zinc. Gene expression changes were analyzed by microarray and qPCR, and incubation of VSMCs with blood plasma from zinc-deficient rats strongly changed the expression of >2500 genes, compared to incubation of cells with zinc-adequate rat plasma. We demonstrated that this effect was caused by a low-molecular-weight (∼2-kDa) zinc-regulated humoral factor but that changes in gene expression were mostly reversed by adding zinc back to zinc-deficient plasma. Strongly regulated genes were overrepresented in pathways associated with immune function and development. We conclude that zinc deficiency induces the production of a low-molecular-weight humoral factor whose influence on VSMC gene expression is blocked by plasma zinc. This factor is therefore under dual control by zinc.—Ou, O., Allen-Redpath, K., Urgast, D., Gordon, M.-J., Campbell, G., Feldmann, J., Nixon, G. F., Mayer, C.-D., Kwun, I.-S., and Beattie, J. H. Plasma zinc's alter ego is a low-molecular-weight humoral factor.</P>

CBD 프로세스가 갖춰야 할 기본 요소들

Paul Allen(Paul Allen),김경주(Kyungju Kim) 한국정보과학회 2001 정보과학회지 Vol.19 No.2

곽안련 선교사 60년 회고록

Charles Allen Clark,Charles Allen Clark 신학지남사 1993 신학지남 Vol.60 No.4

"Know Thyself": Proficient Humanity, the End-Continuous Assessment, the Means

William B. Allen,Carol Allen 서울행정학회 2003 서울행정학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.- No.-

보건관리자의 직능별 직업 및 조직 헌신도에 대한 비교 연구

이경용,이기범,Natalie j.Allen,조영숙 한국직업건강간호학회 1998 한국직업건강간호학회지 Vol.7 No.1

This study was carried out in order to confirm the reliability and validity of the commitment inventor developed by Meyer and Allen, and to investigate commitment level of health manager, to compare two different professionals of health manager such industrial health nurse and industrial hygienist to find out some characteristics that have effect on commitment. This survey was done by self -administered questionnaire to 227 respondents as the trainees of Industrial Safety Training Center, KISCO from June to December 1996. Authors classified commitment into two categories : professional commitment and organizational commitment, and these two types of commitments have three different aspects affective, continuance, and normative commitment based on Meyer's inventory. The results were as follows: 1. Items of whole scales of the both type of commitments have three factors that represent three aspects of commitment ; affective, continuance, and normative commitment. This means that each type of commitment was reliable to use as measurement tool of three different aspects of commitment. Classification of items by factor analysis was more consistent in professional commitment than organizational commitment, Among 16 items of organizational commitment, four items were classified into different aspects of commitment with similar factor loading. 2. Commitment level of industrial health nurse was higher than that of industrial hygienist in affective, continuance professional commitment controlled by other characteristics. These differences can be due to other characteristics of specific task and background of health managers that were not used in this study. 3. The level of affective professional commitment was statistically different in age, sex, education level, and that of organizational commitment was statistically different in only two variables such as age, and job tenure. The level of continuance professional and organizational commitments were different in sex group, but past history of employ went have effect on continuance organizational commitment. The level of normative organizational commitment was affected by only age. As the above results, the tools of measurement of commitment developed by Meyer and Allen can be useful to measure the level of commitment of health manager. Three aspects of two types of commitments were influenced by different characteristics of health manager. Authors suggested future study on the affecting variables to the commitment such as background, task of health manager and organizational characteristics.

Fermentation of Carbohydrate and Protein under Anaerobic Fermentation Coupled with Membrane Distillation Process

Allen Kurniawan,Jinwoo Cho 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2018 한국폐기물자원순환학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.05

Since the membrane distillation (MD) has attached to anaerobic fermentation (AF) process, all suspended solid contents including acetogenic and methanogenic microorganism can be retained inside the system to expect the more effective degradation of organic matter under operational parameters of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and solid retention time (SRT). In this study, we only focused to monitor the carbohydrate and protein parameters inside the single AF compared to the AF coupled with MD. Synthetic high-strength wastewater was used as a substrate by using the composition of 99 g glucose/L, 34 g/l NH4HCO3, 60 g yeast extract/L, 3 g KH2PO4/L, and K2HPO4 g K2HPO4/L. HRT was 20 days with feed flowrate of 0.3 L/d. The steady state of single AF and the AF coupled with MD were monitored for 60 days and 30 days, respectively. The configuration of AF coupled with MD used the circulation rate of 1.5 L/min, cross flow velocity of 0.014 m/s, and temperature difference of 30℃. pH changed from 7.6 in the single AF to 8.2 in the AF coupled with MD. The wastewater quality was analyzed everyday according to total carbohydrate, soluble carbohydrate, total protein, and soluble protein in the influent and effluent of both reactors. The average removal of total and soluble carbohydrate in the single AF were 98.4% and 97%, respectively. The average removal of total carbohydrate in the AF coupled with MD was 98% (in the effluent AF) and the average rejection was 97.8% (in the effluent MD as permeate). The average removal of soluble carbohydrate in the AF coupled with MD was 95% (in the effluent AF) and the average rejection was 97.5% (in the effluent MD as permeate). For the single AF, the average increased of total protein was 86% while the average removal of soluble protein was 42%. The average total protein in the AF coupled with MD increased to 75.6% in AF and the average rejection was 99.7% in the effluent MD. Furthermore, the average soluble protein in the AF coupled with MD increased to 87.7% in AF and the average rejection was 97% in the effluent MD. After attaching MD to AF, the hydrolysis microbial biomass changed by reducing the concentration of total protein and increasing the concentration of soluble protein in the AF process. This effect warrants further investigation which associated with changes in the microbiology in the microbiology or physicochemical aspects.

Ch'oe Nam-son's Youth Magazines and Message of a Global Korea in the Early Twentieth Century

Allen, Chizuko T. 성균관대학교 동아시아학술원 2014 Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.14 No.2

This paper examines the early years of Ch'oe Nam-son (1890-1957); a leading intellectual in twentieth-century Korea, and the publication of his pioneering magazines, Sonyon (1908-1911) and Ch'ongch'un (1914-1918), with a special emphasis on his message of nationalism expressed in a global framework. Raised in a prosperous and progressive chungin family with exposure to new knowledge of the world through domestic and foreign publications, Ch'oe pioneered modern Korean magazines in vernacular Korean to help equip Korean youth with both global knowledge and patriotism. While much of the magazines' information originated from Japanese print media, his writings on Korean and Western subjects posed a silent challenge to Japanese dominance. Despite Korea's fall into colonial status in 1910 and the prevalence of Social Darwinism, which viewed the world as a battlefield for survival, he regarded the world as a network of interconnected countries, where Korea was to play a prominent role.

Fermentation of Carbohydrate and Protein under Anaerobic Fermentation Coupled with Membrane Distillation Process

( Allen Kurniawan ),( Jinwoo Cho ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2018 한국폐기물자원순환학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.2018 No.-

Since the membrane distillation (MD) has attached to anaerobic fermentation (AF) process, all suspended solid contents including acetogenic and methanogenic microorganism can be retained inside the system to expect the more effective degradation of organic matter under operational parameters of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and solid retention time (SRT). In this study, we only focused to monitor the carbohydrate and protein parameters inside the single AF compared to the AF coupled with MD. Synthetic high-strength wastewater was used as a substrate by using the composition of 99 g glucose/L, 34 g/l NH₄HCO₃, 60 g yeast extract/L, 3 g KH₂PO₄/L, and K₂HPO₄ g K₂HPO₄/L. HRT was 20 days with feed flowrate of 0.3 L/d. The steady state of single AF and the AF coupled with MD were monitored for 60 days and 30 days, respectively. The configuration of AF coupled with MD used the circulation rate of 1.5 L/min, cross flow velocity of 0.014 m/s, and temperature difference of 30℃. pH changed from 7.6 in the single AF to 8.2 in the AF coupled with MD. The wastewater quality was analyzed everyday according to total carbohydrate, soluble carbohydrate, total protein, and soluble protein in the influent and effluent of both reactors. The average removal of total and soluble carbohydrate in the single AF were 98.4% and 97%, respectively. The average removal of total carbohydrate in the AF coupled with MD was 98% (in the effluent AF) and the average rejection was 97.8% (in the effluent MD as permeate). The average removal of soluble carbohydrate in the AF coupled with MD was 95% (in the effluent AF) and the average rejection was 97.5% (in the effluent MD as permeate). For the single AF, the average increased of total protein was 86% while the average removal of soluble protein was 42%. The average total protein in the AF coupled with MD increased to 75.6% in AF and the average rejection was 99.7% in the effluent MD. Furthermore, the average soluble protein in the AF coupled with MD increased to 87.7% in AF and the average rejection was 97% in the effluent MD. After attaching MD to AF, the hydrolysis microbial biomass changed by reducing the concentration of total protein and increasing the concentration of soluble protein in the AF process. This effect warrants further investigation which associated with changes in the microbiology in the microbiology or physicochemical aspects.

THE ROLE OF NATURE IN JOHN CLARE' S POETRY

Allen D, wIlliams 啓明專門大學 産業開發硏究所 2000 啓明硏究論叢 Vol.18 No.1

John Clare was thought for a short time during his life and career to be one of the great nature poets. Mistakenly though the reason for his popularity lie mostly in his upbringing and not in the value of his poetry, which though existing then as it does now, remained mostly unnoticed while overshadowed by the fashion of the time to view him as an oddity more than as a true poet. Now a resurgence is occurring and the poet's true worth and skill are being reassessed, In this paper I will discuss Clare and his objectives as seen through his nature poetry, termed by most as descriptive, but not limiting the scope to only those poems. Clare has a simple philosophy of nature and life and it is to be found after a manner in both the descriptive poems and those poems in which images of nature are used as objective correlative, I will show that to Clare nature is beautiful even in its smallest and most unassuming representatives. Also man is inextricably connected to nature and that same nature is eternal. The texts of the poems contained within this paper are mostly taken from the Selected Poems of John Clare edited by Geoffrey Grigson and the spellings and punctuation are those appearing in that volume. Clare as a poet remains true to nature. Never delving into the overly romantic exploitation of other poets. Clare's nature is pure and self-sufficient, surviving in spite of and not because of man. By remaining true to nature he remained true to himself as well. Clare struggled to live, yet never struggled to write, but like his beloved nature, his spirit far outlived his body's usefulness and capacity. Clare himself was a truly honest man and was not burdened by the mongrel laws on flattery s[sic] page.

BRACKET FUNCTIONS ON GROUPOIDS

Allen, Paul J.,Kim, Hee Sik,Neggers, Joseph Korean Mathematical Society 2019 대한수학회논문집 Vol.34 No.2

In this paper, we introduce an operation denoted by [$Br_e$], a bracket operation, which maps an arbitrary groupoid ($X,{\ast}$) on a set X to another groupoid $(X,{\bullet})=[Br_e](X,{\ast})$ which on groups corresponds to sending a pair of elements (x, y) of X to its commutator $xyx^{-1}y^{-1}$. When applied to classes such as d-algebras, BCK-algebras, a variety of results is obtained indicating that this construction is more generally useful than merely for groups where it is of fundamental importance.