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영유아용 분말 조제분유의 미생물 품질분석과 위해세균 모니터링
황지연,이지연,박종현,Hwang, Ji-Yeon,Lee, Ji-Youn,Park, Jong-Hyun 한국축산식품학회 2008 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.28 No.5
Ninety-nine samples of powdered infant formula in a market were collected from the local market and their contaminations for total aerobic bacteria, coliform, FAO/WHO Category A, B, and C pathogens were analyzed. Total aerobic bacteria were detected in 92 of 99 samples (93%) at levels of $1.83{\pm}0.68\;Log\;MPN/g$. These levels were below legal levels specified for infant formulas except for one sample detected by 4.5 Log CFU/g. Coliform was detected in 12 of 99 samples (12%) at levels of $1.26{\pm}1.03\;Log\;MPN/g$ whereas non-detection was required according to the specification of coliform in infant formulas. Escherichia coli was detected in 1 of 99 samples by 0.48 Log MPN/g. Salmonella and Enterobacter sakazakii among Category A weren't detected in all the samples. Enterobacteriaceae, Category B group, were detected in 25 samples of total 99 samples (25%) by $0.83{\pm}1.37\;Log\;MPN/g$. Enterobacteriaceae identified by API 20E were Escherichia vulneris, Es. hermannii, Pantoea spp., Citrobacter koseri, Klebsiella pneumoniae, En. cloaceae. Bacillus cereus among Category C was highly detected in 29 of 99 samples (29%) at levels of $0.69{\pm}0.32\;Log\;MPN/g$ with the most probable number count method, which were below legal levels for the specification of B. cereus in infant formulas. Clostridium perfringens, E. coli O157, Staphyloccus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Campylobacter jejuni/coli were not detected. Contamination level of major pathogens was low and falls within the range of specification of infant formulas. However, Enterobacteriaceae and B.cereus showed the high prevalence and some Enterobacteriaceae causing disease were detected. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the potential pathogens continually and reduce them to improve the microbial quality of non-sterilized powdered infant formulas.
우울증에 대한 비약물적 요법 중 아로마테라피, 이완요법, 운동치료에 대한 유효성에 대한 고찰 -1998년부터 2010년까지 국내 학술지 논문을 중심으로-
황지연 ( Ji Yeon Hwang ),정인철 ( In Chul Jung ),이상룡 ( Sang Ryong Lee ) 대한한방신경정신과학회 2011 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.22 No.4
Objectives: This study is to evaluate the efficacy of aromatherapy, relaxation therapy and exercise therapy on depression. Methods: Survey of on nonpharmacotherapies on depression - related articles was done through online paper databases from 1998 to 2010 published in Korean journals. Results: 1. We found 30 articles from 1998 to 2010 published in Korean journals: Aromatherapy(16), Relaxation therapy(6) and Exercise therapy(8). 2. 14 of the 16 articles on aromatherapy reported that aromatherapy was effective in the decrease of depression. 3. 5 of the 6 articles on relaxation therapy reported that relaxation therapy was effective in the decrease of depression. 4. 6 of the 8 articles on exercise therapy reported that exercise therapy was effective in the decrease of depression. Conclusions: In this study, it seems that aromatherapy, relaxation therapy and exercise therapy were effective on reducing depression.
LC/MS/MS를 이용한 혈장 중 리도카인의 정량 및 리도카인 패치제의 약물동태학적 평가
황지연(Ji-yeon Hwang),김철준(Chul-Jun Kim),신영희(Young-hee Shin) 대한약학회 2012 약학회지 Vol.56 No.3
Lidocaine has been studied for many chronic pain conditions, including postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) and recently it has also been increasingly used in transdermal drug delivery systems. In this study, harmacokinetics of a lidocaine patch was studied in four hairless male rats. The plasma concentration was determined by a validated LC/MS/MS method after applying a 3×2 cm2 (30mg) patch for 12 hours. From the plasma lidocaine concentration vs time curves, AUC0-20h, Cmax, and Tmax of lidocaine patch were 2,926.32±335.28 ng · h/ml, 256.86±29.63 ng/ml, and 6.00±2.31 h, respectively.
포아송 로그-이중선형 모형을 이용한 한국 남성 사망률의 베이지안 추정 및 활용
황지연 ( Ji Yeon Hwang ),고방원 ( Bang Won Ko ) 보험연구원 2016 보험금융연구 Vol.27 No.1
본 연구는 최근 각광받고 있는 베이지안 통계기법을 이용해 한국 남성의 장래사망률을 추정하고, 베이지안 관점에서 기대여명을 비롯한 종신연금과 종신보험의 보험수리적현가를 분석한 것이다. 시간이 경과함에 따라 사망률이 개선되고 있는 현상을 확률적으로 모델링하기 위해, 전통적인 Lee-Carter 모형을 보완한 포아송 로그-이중선형모형을 가정했고, Czado 외 2인(2005)에서 제안된 베이지안 방법론을 적용하여 장래사망률을 추정했다. 추정방법별 추정치들의 차이를 분석하기 위해 특이값 분해 및 최대가능도를 이용한 전통적 추정방법을 병행해 결과를 비교했다. 추정결과에 따르면, 추정방법에 의한 장래사망률의 차이는 크지 않으나, 전통적인 추정방법의 경우 장래사망률의 신뢰구간을 과소평가하는 경향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 사용된 베이지안추정방법은 이러한 문제에 대한 해결책을 제시할 뿐만 아니라 향후 보험부채의 평가에도 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. In this paper, we intend to project the future Korean mortality rates, and analyze the effect of mortality improvement on the life expectancies and the actuarial present values of life insurances and life annuities. Under the Poisson log-bilinear model, we estimate the parameters for the Korean males by using the hierarchical Bayesian methodology proposed by Czado et al.(2005). For comparison purpose, we provide the estimation results based on the singular value decomposition and the maximum likelihood estimation. Our results show that the parameter estimates based on three different estimation methods do not exhibit a large difference between each other, but the traditional estimation methods underestimate the prediction interval. We expect that the Bayesian estimation method not only can provide a solution to this underestimation problem, but could be very useful to evaluate insurers’ liabilities in the future.
시간 변화에 따른 애니메이션 캐릭터 응용 색채 배색 연구
황지연(Ji-Yeon Hwang),임양미(Yang-Mi Im),박진완(Jin-Wan Park) 중앙대학교 문화콘텐츠기술연구원 2006 다문화콘텐츠연구 Vol.2 No.-
시간 변화에 따른 애니메이션의 색채 분석 및 감성적 색 표현을 체계적으로 구성하여 애니메이션의 캐릭터의 설정에 적용하며 이에 따른 색의 각 단계별 배색을 정확한 데이터로 추출하여 감성적 기반 수준을 향상시키기 위한 방안이며, 또한 향 후 디지털 애니메이션 제작 발전을 모색해 보고자 한다. A color analysis of an abroad if festival prime minister animation and a sensitivity color system natural disposition, a color arrangement of color according to the setting up of an animation character, We study an application color arrangement of color according to various hour, to enhance the level through data analysis which is the qualitative try to present by the plan.
인체피부섬유아세포에서 초석잠 에탄올 추출물의 주름형성 억제 효능
황지연 ( Ji Yeon Hwang ),이채명 ( Chae Myoung Lee ),김영철 ( Young Chul Kim ) 대한미용학회(구 대한미용과학회) 2015 대한미용학회지 Vol.11 No.4
The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-wrinkle efficacy of Stachys riederi var. japonica ethanol extract (SREE) in human dermal fibroblasts by analyzing collagen synthesis and collagen degradation. The total polyphenolic and flavonoid contents of SREE were 41.2 and 25.4 mg/g, respectively. At concentrations of 1,000 μg/mL, the electron- donating ability of SREE was 82.0%. In vitro SREE treatment (10 mg/mL) inhibited collagenase and elastase activity by 60.6% and 39.8%, respectively. The maximum permissible level for treating SREE to human dermal fibroblasts was shown to be over 200 μg/mL. In comparison with the vehicle, SREE treatment at 200 μg/mL significantly (p<0.05) increased type I procollagen synthesis by 76.6%. Compared with the control, SREE treatment at 200 μg/mL significantly (p<0.05) decreased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 mRNA and protein expression by 20.4% and 9.7%, respectively. From these results, we confirmed that SREE had low toxicity and had high anti-wrinkle efficacy in human dermal fibroblasts. Therefore, SREE could be used as a functional cosmetic material for the prevention or alleviation of skin wrinkles induced by ultraviolet rays.