N, K, Ca의 한정된 이온센서 이용을 전제로 한 순환식 수경재배에서 P, Mg의 조절 방법

최경이(Gyeong Lee Choi),여경환(Kyung Hwan Yeo),이한철(Han Cheol Rhee),이성찬(Seong Chan Lee),이중섭(Jung-Sup Lee),강남준(Nam Jun Kang),김학진(Hak Jin Kim),정대현(Dae Hyun Jung) 한국원예학회 2016 원예과학기술지 Vol.34 No.6

일반적인 순환식 수경재배에서는 배액을 원수로 희석하여 EC기준으로 제어하기 때문에 순환되는 배양액은 필연적으로 이온 불균형이 발생한다. 따라서 이 연구는 상용 가능성이 높은일부 이온센서(N, K, Ca)를 이용한다는 전제 하에 작물의 필수원소인 N, P, K, Ca, Mg를 이온 단위로 자동제어 할 수 있을지 검토하고자 수행하였다. 상추를 재료로 배양액 내 이온 흡수량을 2회 조사하여 양분흡수패턴과 흡수된 이온간의 흡수 상관관계를 분석하였다. PO₄는 N과, Ca는 Mg와 비슷한 흡수패턴을 나타났고 센서로 측정 가능한 이온들 중에서 PO₄는 N와 Ca는 Mg간의 상관계수도 가장 높았다. 회귀분석의 결과 도출된 N-PO₄간의 회귀계수는 두 번의 시험의 결과가 1.04와 0.55로 다르게 나타났으나 Ca-Mg는 0.35와 0.40으로 거의 유사한 수치를 나타내었다. 청경채, 장미를 이용하여 상관관계 적합성을 검증하고 더불어 작목확대 가능성을 검토하고자 추가 시험을 수행하였다. 청경채의 N-PO₄, Ca-Mg 이온간의 R2은 모두 0.86과 0.86이었고 장미는 각각 0.87, 0.73으로 이었다. 회귀계수는 청경채는 0.56, 0.24이고 장미는 0.51, 0.16이었다. 종합적으로 판단했을 때 N-PO₄는 상추에서 반복 시험간의 결과 일치하지는 않았음에도 전체적으로는 상추, 청경채, 장미가 회귀계수가 0.55~0.58로 유사하게 나타나 모든 작물에 공통적으로 적용 가능성이 있지만 Ca-Mg는 작물별로 다른 계수가 필요하다고 판단되었다. 순환식 수경재배에서 개별 이온의 실시간 제어를 위하여 센서와 장비 개발에 관한 연구가 지속적으로 이루어지겠지만 단기간에 이온제어가 실용화되기는 어려울 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 이 연구는 먼저 상용화 가능한 센서를 이용하여 상용화가 어려운 이온의 조절은 다른 방법으로 순환식 수경재배에서 꼭 해결되어야 할 과제에 접근하였다는데 의의가 있다. Recycling nutrient solutions in closed hydroponic production systems is usually accompanied by an imbalance of nutrient solutions when concentration is controlled according to electrical conductivity (EC) levels. This study investigated whether it was possible to automatically control the concentrations of five essential elements nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) using only N, K and Ca ion sensors. N, P, K, Ca, and Mg uptake was measured in the nutrient solution, and relationships between absorbed ions were analyzed through twice-repeated experiments in lettuce. Results confirmed that the pattern of PO₄ ion uptake was similar that of N, and the pattern of Mg ion uptake was similar that of Ca. PO₄ ion uptake was most highly correlated with N, and Mg was most highly correlated with Ca. Regression coefficients of N and PO₄ were significantly different at 1.04 and 0.55, respectively, but were similar between Ca and Mg at 0.35 and 0.40, respectively. Additional experiments were conducted to measure nutrient uptake in pak choi and rose plants, both to confirm the results from the first experiment in lettuce, and to assess possible application to other crops. Coefficients of determination both for N and PO₄, and Ca and Mg were considerably high (R² = 0.86) in cultured pak choi, and similar results were observed in cultured rose (R² = 0.87 and 0.73, respectively). Regression coefficients for cultured pak choi were 0.56 and 0.24, respectively, and for rose were 0.51 and 0.16, respectively. Although the results obtained for N and PO₄ were not consistent between the lettuce experiments, N and PO₄ have similar regression coefficients for all crops. No common coefficient was found between Ca and Mg.

청소년의 우울이 학교생활 적응에 미치는 영향 에서 자기보호요인의 매개효과

최경일(Choi, Kyung-Il) 경기연구원 2012 GRI 연구논총 Vol.14 No.3

This study was conducted to test the mediating effects of youths’self protective factor in the relation between depression and adaptation to school life. So 509 students from 5th grade students in elementary schools to 3th grade students in middle schools in one city were selected and analysed by partial mediation model and full mediation model. As a results, partial mediation model, that is depression directly effect on adaptation to school life and indirectly effect on adaptation to school life mediated by self protective factor is appropriated. It is positively mitigated by self protective factor to negative effect of depression on adaptation to school life. Some practical implications were presented based on these results, that is effort to adaptation to school life of youths may require support to enhancing self protective competence as well as interventions for reducing depression.

문자의 유통 -18, 19세기 독일의 대여도서관 제도를 중심으로-

최경은 ( Kyung Eun Choi ) 연세대학교 인문학연구원 2016 人文科學 Vol.106 No.-

The passion for reading that spread through Western Europe like a trend in the 18th century brought about the advent of Lending Library Systems (ger, ``Leihbibliothek``, eng. ``Circulating Library``, fra. ``cabinet de lecture``) in various western nations almost simultaneously. Among these, the lending libraries of Germany developed into more diversified varieties than those of England or France. The lending library system which lent people expensive books at a small price was a product of the age in which the demand for books jumped while its supply was limited. The spread of letters became so popular to the German people that rate of illiteracy that was close to 90% in the mid 18th century dropped to a mere 10% by the late 19th century. The fact that for about 150 years the distribution of letters amongst Germans was more active than any other time in history shows in these literacy improvement statistics. Although during this time, the methods of letter distribution and supply were more diverse than in any age, the lending library system provides the most substantial evidence in relation to the distribution of letters historically. Along with the distribution of letters, lending libraries also provide data that help investigate the users of letters. Although today it is difficult to exactly pinpoint the class of people who used letters, the checkout cards tell us that there is no denying the fact that there were almost no users in the agricultural or working classes. Additionally, it is possible to tell the genders and regional origins of the users; there were more women than men, and a lot more city people than country people used them. Research of the type of books is a field that is best shown through the research of lending libraries. In the early stages of literature, when ``enlightenment`` was a common goal, the ratio of guide books and popular literature were proportional. However, lending libraries had no choice but to follow the preferences of their consumers for the sake of profit and thus had to change the type of books they had. Whether popular literature led lending libraries to their golden age or whether lending libraries give birth to the popular literature genre is a very ambiguous question, considering the fact that the system and literature both proportionately saw their peaks around the mid 19th century. Unable to meet demands for popular literature with only domestic works, lending libraries turned to foreign literature and created a new form of demand through translated literature. The lending library was a system that had immense influence in the development of popular literature, and made a life of literature possible in the 19th century. By sharing familiar works of literature, the users of lending libraries contributed to forming the psyche of the time, and furthermore, contributed to the formation of public opinion. Additionally, the acceptance of foreign literature through lending libraries is a trait unique to those in Germany, serving as a passageway in understanding the cultures of other European nations. The history of letter distribution from the mid 18th century to the late 19th century inextricably linked to commercial lending libraries. Lending libraries allowed popular literature of the 18th and 19th century to escape from the fences of traditional libraries and bookstores and spread far and wide. If lending libraries had not existed, fewer people would be reading a fewer amount of books, and many people would have had to give up any method of pleasure or learning through letters. Despite the many disadvantages the lending library system faced in the phase of distributing letters, the fact that this system made a crucial contribution to the spreading of letters in western civilization is something that cannot be underestimated.

학교사회복지사와 교사의 협력에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 현상학적 연구

최경일 ( Kyung Il Choi ) 한국청소년복지학회 2009 청소년복지연구 Vol.11 No.2

The purpose of this study is to understand the perceptions of school social workers and teachers about factors that collaboration with each other. For this purpose, 3 school social workers and 3 teachers were interviewed and analysed the data by phenomenological methods. This study revealed that school social workers and teachers percepts that 3 main factors: school traits, teacher traits and school social worker traits were effect their collaboration. And the 3 main factors consisted of 6 sub-factors, and this consisted of 12 themes. The result suggests some practical ideas to improve collaboration between school social workers and teachers.

학교사회복지사와 지역사회교육전문가의 지역사회 협력업무 수행 실태에 관한 연구

최경일(Kyung-Il Choi),노혜련(He-len Noh) 숭실대학교 사회과학연구소 2008 사회과학논총 Vol.10 No.-

본 연구는 학교사회복지사와 지역사회교육전문가가 수행하는 지역사회 협력업무의 실태를 파악하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해서 본 연구의 조사 시점을 기준으로 각 학교에서 1년 이상 근무한 47명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시했다. 연구 결과 이들은 1년 간 평균 13개 기관과의 협력을 통해서 15개 단위 사업을 공동으로 수행했으며 협력의 주대상은 사회복지관이었으며 가장 많은 공동 사업은 학생들에게 제공하는 직접적인 서비스였다. 또한 대부분의 연구 대상자들은 지역사회 협력에 대한 교육을 받거나 사전 실천경험이 없었다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 학교사회복지사와 지역사회교육전문가가 수행해야 하는 지역사회 협력업무의 확대와 활성화를 위한 제언을 하였다. This study was conducted with the aim of finding out the current status of community collaborative work that school social workers and community education professionals perform. A total of 47 practitioners who had been working in school for at least for a year participated in the study. The study results revealed that during the period of one year, the practitioners on the average collaborated with 13 community agencies and carried out 15 projects. Of all community agencies, the practitioners collaborated most often with community neighborhood centers and received most help with respect to providing programs for students through the collaborative effort. Almost all practitioners who participated in the study had received no education on community collaborative work and 7 out of 10 have had no experience in the area as well. Based on the results, implications were explored in terms of vitalizing and expanding the community collaborative work among school social workers and community education professionals.

도시와 농촌 초등학생의 또래관계가 다문화 수용성에 미치는 영향 차이

최경일(Kyung-Il Choi) 경기연구원 2016 GRI 연구논총 Vol.18 No.2

The purposes of this study is to explore how peer relationship of elementary school students effect on their multicultural acceptance and to investigate the mediative effect of school adjustment and perception of community to this effective relation. Other purpose is to assess the differences in urban and rural elementary school students in these pathways. To achieve these purposes, this study use Korean Child and Youth General Survey and conducted a structural equation modeling analysis. The major findings and suggestions based by these results are as follows. Peer relationship directly effect on multicultural acceptance and school adjustment mediate peer relationship and multicultural acceptance. There is not significant differences of pathways between urban and rural elementary school students. But path coefficients of peer relationship to multicultural acceptance are higher for rural than for urban elementary school students. In contrast, path coefficients of peer relationship to school adjustment and of school adjustment to multicultural acceptance are higher for urban than for rural elementary school students. Based on the results of this study, some practical ideas were suggested to increase the peer relationship and school adjustment of urban and rural elementary school students.

토마토 수경재배에서 접목묘와 실생묘의 정식시기가 개화와 착과에 미치는 영향

최경이(Gyeong Lee Choi),여경환(Kyung Hwan Yeo),최수현(Su Hyun Choi),김승유(Seung Yu Kim),강남준(Nam Jun Kang),최효길(Hyo Gil Choi) 한국원예학회 2017 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2017 No.5

코이어 배지 이용 토마토 장기 수경재배시 급액량이 근권부 무기이온에 미치는 영향

최경이(Gyeong Lee Choi),여경환(Kyung Hwan Yeo),최수현(Su Hyun Choi),정호정(Ho Jeong Jeong),김승유(Seung Yu Kim),이성찬(Seong Chan Lee),강남준(Nam Jun Kang) (사)한국생물환경조절학회 2018 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.27 No.1

수경재배에서는 근권내 양분의 집적 정도는 급액의 양과 밀접한 관계를 가지기 때문에 급액의 양(횟수)이 토마토의 생육과 수량에 미치는 영향이 크다. 따라서 본 시험에서는 코이어를 이용한 토마토 장기 수경재배에 급액량이 근권의 무기이온에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 하였다. 적산일사량을 기준으로 급액량을 조절하였으며 생육시기별로 적산일사량 설정치를 변경하며 급액량을 4수준으로 처리하였다. 처리별 매일의 급액량과 배액량을 조사하였고 배액율을 계산하였다. 급액량이 많을수록 토마토의 수분 흡수량은 증가하는 경향이었다. 그러나 High 처리구는 2월과 3월에 Medium high 처리구에 비하여 수분 흡수가 감소하였다. 월별 평균 급액량과 배액율을 계산하여 배액율이 20-30%되는 급액 구간으로 1월은 120-140J/cm², 2월은 100-120J/cm², 3월은 80-100J/cm², 4월은 70-90J/cm², 5월은 60-75J/cm²로 적정한 범위를 정할 수 있었다. 급액량이 많을수록 이온들의 농도가 낮아서 근권의 양분집적을 상당 부분 방지할 수 있었는데 양분을 흡착하는 코이어 배지의 특성 때문에 배액율이 20-30%인 경우 근권의 무기이온의 농도는 상당히 높았다. 그런데 P와 K는 처리에 관계없이 배액에서 급액농도보다 낮아지는 경우가 발생하였으며, 급액량이 많은 처리에서도 Mg와 S가 가장 잘 집적되는 이온이었다. 일사량이 적은 시기에는 급액량에 따른 배액내 무기이온의 농도는 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았으나, 일사량이 많은 시기에는 급액량이 적을수록 배액의 무기이온의 농도가 높았다. 특히, 3월 이후에는 급액량 조정만으로는 배액의 이온농도 상승을 방지하기 어려워 우선적으로 급액 EC를 낮춰 근권에 양분이 집적되는 것을 막을 필요가 있었다. Also, t-cincreaseisdecreasein order In hydroponics, the accumulation of inorganic ions in the root zone are closely related to the irrigation volume. Therefore, the effects of irrigation volume on the growth and yield of tomatoes are very signigicant. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of irrigation volume on inorganic ions of root zone in hydroponic culture using coir substrate. The irrigation volume was adjusted to 4 levels depending on the integrated solar radiation for each growth period. The drainage ratio was calculated by daily amount of irrigation and drainage. The higher irrigation volume is, drainage ratio and water absorption tended to increase. But, the water absorption in the treatment of high irrigation volume was decreased in February and March compared to the treatment of medium high irrigation volume. By calculating monthly average irrigation volume and the drainage ratio, 120 to 140 J/cm² in January, 100 to 120 J/cm² in February, 80 to 100 J/cm² in March, 70 to 90 J/cm² in April and 60 to 75 J/cm² in May was detected as appropriate irrigation volume ranges which drainage ratio was 20-30%. The higher irrigation volume, the lower the concentration of ions decrease, which could prevent the accumulation of nutrients in the root zone. However, due to the characteristics of the coir substrate that absorbs ions, concentration of ions was significantly high when the drainage ratio was 20-30%. However, concentrations of P and K were sometimes lower in the drainage than that of irrigation water regardless of the treatment. Mg and S were the most highly accumulated ions even in the treatment of high irrigation volume. In low radiation season, there was no difference in the ion concentration in the drainage depending on the irrigation volume. In high radiation season, the lower irrigation volume, resulted to the higher ion concentration in the drainage. After March, it was difficult to prevent the increase of ions concetration in the drainage by only adjusting irrigation volume. Thus, it is necessary to decrease the EC of irrigation solution to prevent the accumulation of nutrients in the root zone.

나치의 문자정책

최경은 ( Kyung Eun Choi ) 한국독일언어문학회 2013 독일언어문학 Vol.0 No.62

Die vorliegende Arbeit gliedert sich in vier Abschnitte. Der erste Abschnitt behandelt die Entstehung und Entwicklung der Zweischriftigkeit im deutschen Sprachraum bis zum Jahr 1933. Die Genese der Fraktur und Antiqua und der beginnende Schriftstreit vom 9. Jahrhundert bis zur Machtergreifung des Nationalsozialismus werden hier knapp skizziert. Im zweiten Abschnitt wird der Frakturgebrauch von 1933 bis 1940 beschrieben. Die Machtergreifung Hitlers im Jahr 1933 fuhrt zunachst zu einem Aufschwung der Frakturschrift. Im Zeitraum 1933 bis 1936 stieg der Anteil der in Fraktur gedruckten Bucher an der deutschen Buchproduktion von etwa 44 auf rund 60% an. Jedoch endete dieser Aufschwung bereits vor Kriegsbeginn und wurde im Fruhjahr 1940 durch einen allgemeinen Ruckgang der Fraktur abgelost. Im Marz 1940 kundigte sich eine Anderung der offiziellen Haltung der nationalsozialistischen Parteifuhrung zur Schriftfrage durch den Erlass Goebbels` an, alles fur das Ausland bestimmte Propagandamaterial zukunftig in Antiqua zu drucken. Ein Jahr spater schlieblich wurde der Gebrauch der Fraktur von den Machthabern verboten. Im geheimen Rundschreiben 3.1.1941 gab Martin Bormann bekannt, dass Hitler die Einfuhrung der Antiqua als ``Normalschrift`` angeordnet hatte. Der dritte Abschnitt analysiert den Inhalt des Rundschreibens und den Hintergrund dieses Frakturverbots. Im letzten Abschnitt werden der tatsachliche Ablauf der Umsetzung und die Reaktionen der offentlichkeit beschrieben. Der Plan, auf Antiqua umzustellen, wurde zunachst vor dem deutschen Volk geheimgehalten. Es lassen sich keine Bekanntmachungen oder Kommentare der deutschen Presse zur Umstellung aus dem Halbjahr nach dem Bormann-Erlass finden. Durch den Wechsel von Zeitungen auf Antiquasatz wurde in deutsche offentlichkeit zum ersten Mal sichtbar mit der Entscheidung Hitlers in der Schriftfrage konfrontiert. Widerstand gegen das Verbot der Frakturschrift regte sich jedoch nicht.

동서독의 언어사전 비교 -『독일현대어사전』과 『독일어대사전』을 중심으로

최경은 ( Kyung Eun Choi ) 서울대학교 인문학연구원 2016 人文論叢 Vol.73 No.1

Das Worterbuch der deutschen Gegenwartssprache (1961-1977) ist ein Meilenstein in der Lexikographiegeschichte der Nachkriegszeit. Es war das erste Worterbuch, das die Modelle der von de Saussure eingefuhrten und von der Stlilistik der Prager Schule weiterentwickelten strukturellen lexikalischen Semantik in die Lexikographie einfuhrte. Die Stilmarkierung beruhte auf einem System von vier sogenannten ‘Stilschichten’ und elf ‘Stilfarbungen’. Wahrend der letzte Band des Worterbuchs der deutschen Gegenwartssprache erschien, erschien auf der anderen Seite der Mauer der erste Band des großen Duden-Worterbuchs mit dem Titel Das große Worterbuch der deutschen Sprache (1976-1981). In diesem ersten großen westdeutschen Worterbuch, das nach 1945 erschien, steht die historisch- diachrone Orientierung an zweiter Stelle. Der Duden will also “die deutsche Sprache in ihrer ganzen Vielschichtigkeit darstellen und bewußt machen und zugleich ein Spiegelbild unserer Zeit und ihrer gesellschaftlichen Verhaltnisse” sein. Das System stilistischer Bewertungen folgt aber zu weiten Teilen dem des Worterbuchs der deutschen Gegenwartssprache. Der Vergleich der beiden Worterbucher mit Hilfe der gleichen Stichworter zeigt die andere Weltanschauung der beiden Seiten des geteilten Deutschland. Das wird zum Beispiel in den Worterklarungen der drei Stichworter ‘Manipulation’, ‘Pazifismus’ und ‘Vaterland’ deutlich.