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Value Systems and Adaptation: A Typology of North Korean Defectors
정권,스테판해가드,최창용 통일연구원 2019 International journal of korean unification studie Vol.28 No.2
The total number of North Korean defectors living in South Korea topped 33,247 in 2019. Yet research finds that many are experiencing difficulties adapting to South Korean society. This study, based on a survey of 1,010 defectors, outlines a new typology of the value systems of North Korean defectors. Using a combination of factor and cluster analysis, we identify five major groups of North Korean defectors: (1) nation-oriented authoritarians, (2) community-oriented materialists, (3) family-oriented traditionalists, (4) conservative entrepreneurs, and (5) individualist conservatives. We show that value orientations are associated with distinctive political views and have demonstrable effects on adaptation and life satisfaction levels, with conservative entrepreneurs faring best. Although all groups adapt reasonably well to operating in a very different political and economic system and in their personal lives, defectors report significant problems at the social level, particularly in the form of discrimination. These findings suggest that more ‘customized policy’ be developed and implemented for North Korean defectors which ultimately helps them adjust more smoothly to South Korean society.
정권,강희만,고석오 한국도로학회 2011 한국도로학회논문집 Vol.13 No.2
The stormwater runoff from road or expressway is known as one of important nonpoint pollution sources. To reduce the pollutants discharge from road or expressway, many best management practices(BMPs) have been applied and planned. Among the BMPs, road sweeping can be effective way to prevent pollutant washoff to environment. This study is performed to evaluate the characteristics of particles collected from the road by sweeping car. Size distribution and pollutant concentration of particles were analyzed. Based on the pollutant concentration and the specification of road such as length, width, and unit for pollutant generation, total amount of pollutant to be removed by road sweeping was estimated. Most of sediments collected by road sweeping was classified into sandy soil and fraction of fine grained soil was low. Although the concentrations of pollutants such as heavy metals in road sediments did not exceed the soil contamination criteria, washout of pollutants during sweeping work by spraying water might cause leaching of pollutants contained in sediments and thus resulted in low pollutant concentrations. Reduced amounts of pollutant by road sweeping showed 31.4% TSS reduction for ○○ region and 7.7% TSS for △△ region. Other pollutants showed low reduction rate, because of their leaching by water spraying. Results from this study indicate that detailed and well-planned investigation for the road sweeping is necessary for the accurate estimation of pollutant reduction from road or expressway. 도로에서의 강우유출수 내 포함된 오염물은 주요한 비점오염원으로 간주되고 있으며 비점오염물질 저감을 위하여 많은 대책이 적용되고 있다. 도로청소에 의한 방법 또한 오염물의 강우유출에 의한 배출양을 감소시킬 수 있는 대책 중의 하나로 인식되는 추세에 있다. 본 연구에서는 도로청소 시 수거된 토사입자들의 특성을 파악하고 퇴적토사에 함유된 오염물질의 농도를 분석하였다. 분석결과를바탕으로 하여 도로 구간별로 도로청소에 의하여 저감할 수 있는 오염물의 양을 평가하였다. 도로청소를 통하여 수거된 퇴적토사는모래질로 분석되었으며 세립토 비중은 낮은 결과를 보였다. 퇴적토사 내 오염물의 양은 토양환경기준을 초과하지 않았으나 청소작업시 물을 살수함으로써 토사에 포함된 오염물이 세척되어 침출수로 미리 배출되는 것에 기인한다고 판단된다. 두 도로구역에 대하여오염물 농도, 발생 퇴적토사량, 오염물 원단위를 적용하여 저감할 수 있는 오염물 양을 평가한 결과, ○○지역에 대하여 TSS 31.4%및 △△지역에서는 TSS 7.7%의 TSS 저감량이 도출되었다. 중금속과 같은 타 오염물의 경우 훨씬 낮은 저감량이 평가되었으나 이는물의 살수로 인하여 퇴적토사 내 오염물이 침출수로 배출된 것에 기인한다고 판단된다. 보다 정확하게 도로청소에 의하여 저감할 수있는 오염물의 양을 산정하기 위하여 보다 자세하고 체계적인 연구가 필요하다고 판단된다.
정권,김도군,고석오 대한토목학회 2017 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.21 No.1
Natural Organic Matter (NOM) and Effluent Organic Matter (EfOM) have been regarded as the major membrane foulants in advanced water treatment or wastewater reuse processes. In this study, the adsorption of Suwannee River NOM (SRNOM) and EfOM from a wastewater treatment plant by Carbon-Based Nanomaterials (CBNs) including Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube (SWCNT), Multi-wall Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) and Expanded Graphite (EG) was investigated to mitigate their membrane fouling potentials. Adsorption of SRNOM and EfOM showed Langmuir type adsorption with constant adsorption enthalpy, regardless of the adsorbents. MWCNT showed the highest adsorption capacity for SRNOM and EfOM, while SWCNT showed the greatest reduction in Soluble Microbial Products (SMP) in EfOM. The UV/Vis spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectrophotometry, and size exclusion chromatography showed that high molecular weight fraction of SRNOM and EfOM was preferentially adsorbed onto ordered CBNs such as SWCNT, MWCNT, and EG. It was also evidenced that SMP adsorptions by SWCNT was significantly higher than those by MWCNT. The results imply that a pretreatment with SWCNT or EG can reduce membrane fouling via adsorption of SMP and high molecular weight organic fractions in EfOM.