뇌파검사-이상뇌파

이평숙 대한간호협회 1987 대한간호 Vol.26 No.1

노인의 운동 의사결정 균형성 측정 도구 개발에 관한 연구

이평숙,장성옥 대한간호학회정신간호학회 2001 정신간호학회지 Vol.10 No.1

This study was carried out to develop an instrument to measure decisional balance of exercise in elderly. The research procedure was as follows: 1) Based on the literatural reviews, the conceptual framework was developed. Then through interview with 20 old people concerning decisional balance of exercise, 35 items were initially adopted. 2) Through content validity analysis of the item by the researchers, 22 items were selected. 3) To test for reliability and validity, data collection was done during the period from June. 1. 2000, to July 31, 2000. The subjects for the test were 249 elderly in community in Seoul. This study utilized Cronbach's alpha in analyzing the reliability of the collected data and applied factor analysis, item analysis and multitrait-multimethod method to analyze validity. The findings are as follows: 1) The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency was .93 for the 13 items in Pros. and. 73 for 8 items in Cons. 2) The item analysis was based on the corrected item to total correlation coefficient (.30 or more) and information about the alpha estimate if this item was dropped from the scale. 3) As result of factor analysis using principal component analysis and varimax rotation, 2 factors were extracted, and these factors explained 48 percents of the total variance. One item was deleted because of factor loading(less than .40). 4) To analyze the validity, the scale of stage of change for exercise (Marcus et al., 1992) was utilized with this instrument. There were significant mean differences between the stages of adoption according to a elderly's experience with and intention for exercise in the pros score, the cons score and the decisional balance score. The instrument for accessing decisional balance for exercise of the elderly developed in this study was identified as a tool with a high degree of reliability and validity.

간호상황에서의 협동 개념분석

이평숙,이지순,김희경,장혜경,오원옥 대한간호학회정신간호학회 1996 정신간호학회지 Vol.5 No.2

Nowadays health care team members have to collaborate with one another to care and cure the clints in order to obtain their optimal status of health. But we don't know exactly how to collaborate with health care team members yet. Therefore focus in this article is to extract the critical attributes of collaboration and make on operational definition. This study uses process of Walker and Avant's concept analysis to define the concept of collaboration. The concept of collaboration can be defined as followes. Collaboration is a work in partnership on equal footling base on knowledge and profession with health care team member's trust and respect, which is contributed to profession. Attributes of collaboration were defined as ; 1) Work in partnership 2) Participate and try hard willingly 3) Share planning and decision-making jointly 4) Contribute to profession 5) Take the responsibility 6) Work on equall footling 7) Share trust and respect one another 8) Own power jointly base on knowledge and expertise Model case, contrary case, borderline case, related case and invented case were described. Antecedents and consequences of collaboration were explored. Antecedents consist of personal and environmental factor. Personal factors consists of that ; 1) Health care team members have the firm attribute of understanding and acceptance about the role and the status of professional. And they are sure of their ability in the area of speciality. 2) They have past experience of collaboration 3) They have perception of self, communication technique, trust and respect of one another. ' Environmental factors consist of that ; 1) Organization is horizental and equall. 2) Organization has vale of structure in consist of autonomy equalty and independence. In regard to the consequences of collaboration, it is expected that collaboration has a consedence, self-worth, achievement and coherence in organization, which has a positive outcome of nursing care.

입원중인 조기 진통 임부의 신체적, 정서적 상태와 간호요구에 대한 연구

이평숙,유은광,Lee, Pyung-Sook,Yoo, Eun-Kwang 한국여성건강간호학회 1996 여성건강간호학회지 Vol.2 No.1

The purpose of this study was to find out physical and emotional status, and nursing needs of the pregnant women who were hospitalized by premature labor. The research respondents were 96 from four university hospitals located in Seoul, from June 30, 1996 to September 15, 1995. The research instrument was consisted of 14 items of physical status(discomforts) (Cronbach's=0.86), 17 items of emotional status (Cronbach's=0.89), 33 items of nursing needs (Cronbach's=0.94), and they were measured by 5 level of Likert Scale. The data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean standard deviation, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient as the statistical techniques in the program of SPSS/$PC^+$. The findings were as follows : 1. The perception of physical status was mainly about physicl discomforts during the hospital stay. It included four categories about 'absolute bed rest' 3.48, 'hospital foods' 3.38, 'health care teams' 2.93, 'hospital environment' 2.83 in order of mean of discomforts. The most discomfortable one was "malodor by not doing personal hygiene." The next one was "urination and defecation on the bed using bedpan." 2. The perception of the emotional status was about negative mood related to 'fetus', 'hospitalization' perse, 'personal situation.' The highest score of negative mood was "I am afraid that the baby's condition will be bad if I deliver it before full term." The next one was "I am anxious about whether my baby will be in incubator if I deliver it before full term." 3. The highest mean score among items of nursing needs was "Nurses observe whether the labor come or not with concerns." The next one was "Nurses observe the fetal movement and check up the fetal heart sound." The lowest one was "Nurses help me when I need bedpan." 4. Nursing needs were consisted of four categories : professional, educational, emotional, and physical. The mean score of them was high in professional, educational, emotional, and physical need in order. 5. The physical status was related to "Experience of treatment for maintenance of pregnancy" and "Experience of hospitalization by premature labor". The emotional status was related to "Type of delivery" and "Type of habitation." 6. In the correlation of physical and emotional status, it showed positive correlation between them. The higher score of physical discomfort, the higher score of negative mood(r=0.5113, p=0.0001).

건강증진을 위한 스트레스 관리 전략

이평숙 대한간호학회정신간호학회 1998 정신간호학회지 Vol.7 No.1

This paper reviews the theoretical approaches which can be conducive to understanding the concept of stress and stress management for health promotion. 1. The theoretical approach to understanding the concept of stress is manly physiological in nature which focuses on the fight-flight response. It is also founded on psychosocial factors which include life events and personality variables. Other critical variables are, transactional approach which based on cognitive apprasal and coping style, and the psychoneuro-immunology which of recent emerging interest. 2. Although various stress management strategies are introduced, they only revealed the effects of technique and lacked a rational basis for applying the technique. 3. Traditional relaxation training was merely based on relaxation response which focused on decreasing the physiological arousal. 4. The stress model which has recently emerged is based on the transactional model. The transactional model applies a cognitive-behavioral approach which focuses on cognitive appraisal and coping style. 5. The synthesis of the transactional model and psycho-immunology explains the stress-desease relationship and provides justification for the use of a multidimensional approach for stress management which addresses all variables of the stress process. In summary the relationships among life events, personality variables, cognitive appraisal processes, physiological arousal, coping style, and immune functioning are complex relationships which influence each other. Therefore I suggest that currently the need of a multidimensional approach exist. All aspect of stress relationships should be addressed when planning a stress management program. In order to have an effective stress management approach, all nurses need a comprehensive under standing that considers stress process and stress-illness relationship, and the applies an effective integrative stress management approach which includes all variables related to stress.

간호사의 역할 갈등분석을 위한 이론적 개념

이평숙 고려대학교 의과대학 1989 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.26 No.2

Today we frequently confront with confusing and conflicting points of view on the role of nurses: In order to analyze problems of the role-conflict, I, first, surveyed literatures for important concepts on the role theory, then, identified specific types of the conflict we are facing. Finally I gave a few suggestions for solving the problem of the role-conflict. Frustations come from the following reasons: (1) Social status of korean nurses is still not high enough for them to have prides. (2) Nursing is not approved as an independent profession even within the medical community itself. (3) People are often ignorant of the real meaning of nursing. (4) System for the promotion is structured to lateral rather than vertical. (5) Doctors, adminstrators and nurses all have different opinions on the role of nurses in health team. Such unfavourable social conditions as described in reasons (1), (2) and (3) make it impossible for nurses to practice what they have learned in school. In addition to the low base of income, the lateral structure for the promotion difficult for nurses to find motives to cope with vexing problem of role-confict. Therefore, the inner conflict nurses have will remain as a chronic problem until an agreement is reached upon the true role of nurses, at least, among the health team itself. Until then we nurses should have a concrete understanding of the nursing care as a profession, and should try hard to establish a frame-work for strong motive to over-come the chronic conflict. At the same time, doctors and administrators should wipe-out their short-sighed views on the modern nursing, and be sincere in openly discussing the conlicting issues with nurses.

노인 운동의 의사결정 균형, 자아효능감의 운동 행위 변화단계에 대한 예측모형 연구

이평숙,김소인,전영자,김순용,이숙자,박은숙,장성옥 대한간호학회정신간호학회 1999 정신간호학회지 Vol.8 No.2

The purpose of this study was to identify causal relationships between decisional balance for exercise, self efficacy for exercise and stage of change of exercise in the elderly. A hypothethetical model explaining stage of change was constructed based on behavioral change mode. Empirical data for testing the hypothetical model was collected from 198 old adults aged over 60 in community setting in Seoul, Korea in April and May. 1999. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and correlational analysis by using pc-SAS program. The Linear Structural Modeling (LISREL) 8.0 program was used to find the best fit model which predicts causal relationship of variables. The fit of the hypothetical model to the data was good(X^2=12.82. (df=4, p=.012), RMR=.05, GFI=.97, NNFI=.88, NFI=.96). The predictable variables of stage of change for exercise of the Korean elderly were perceived physical psychological benefit about exercise, perceived physical psychological burden about exercise and self efficacy for exercise. These variables explained 65% of stage of change for exercise of the Korean elderly.

노화의 정신사회적 이론

이평숙 대한간호협회 1992 대한간호 Vol.31 No.4

스트레스 관리의 이론적 접근

이평숙 대한스트레스학회 1995 스트레스硏究 Vol.3 No.2

노화와 관련된 정신사회적 이론 분석

이평숙 고려대학교 의과대학 1993 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.30 No.2

The purpose of this study is to explain and understand the phenomenon for successful aging through reviewing and analyzing several theories on aging, and then attempt to find usefulness on implication in nursing situation. 1. The aging phenomenon has been studied by many researchers, but due to lack of consensus and empirical support, its conclusions are still not clear. 2. From the psychobiological view, the aging phenomenon seems to be an inevitable, irreversible decline which appears as time passes, and the aging depends on physical age. Basic problems of the aging process consist of the loss of nerve cell, the degeneration of revival ability, and the gradual decline of physical ability and stress adaptability. In such a point, these elements can be a basis of understanding the disease process and the aging process. But, the gradual declining process focuses only on these negative aspects and there is not explains on individual variation in aging. 3. Judging from the psychosocial view, the aging phenomenon more emphasis on the emotional response than the aging process. Ego-integrity, that usefulness is recognized as a theoretical basis for psychosocial aspect, shows the final stage of life, in which reflects on one's life accomplishment and failures. According to Butler, it is normal that old men reminisce about past life events. Therefore, reminiscing about their past experiences, recognizing and reintegrating their unresolved conflicts can be a positive approach to aging. In such a point, the process of reminiscing and life reviewing of one's life can be suggested the possibility of psychotherapeutic nursing intervention as well as explain the result of aging. Social disengagement theory takes the position that it is nomal for old men to withdrawal from society and such a situation brings them a positive benefits. But scholars criticize this theory in many aspects. As a reaction to the negativistic perspective of disengagement developed activity theory which takes the position that old men who participate positively in social activities are healthier and happier. Though this theory is disputed by some critics, according to an empirical study, the support for this theory is more predominant than for the other. Rut the evaluation of successful aging cannot be disputed by the social disengagement theory or the social activities theory. From such a point, I think that more research on this issue should be conducted in the future.