Dynamic rod worth measurement method based on eqilibrium -kinetics status

이은기,조유권,이환수 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.3

KHNP had licensed Dynamic Control rod Reactivity Measurement (DCRM) method using detector currentsignals of PWRs in 2006. The method has been applied to all PWRs in Korea for about 15 years successfully. However, the original method was inapplicable to PWRs using low-sensitivity integral fissionchamber as ex-core detectors because of their pulse pile-up and the nonlinearity of the mean-squarevoltage at low power region. Therefore, to overcome this disadvantage, a modified method, DCRM-EK,was developed using kinetics behavior after equilibrium condition where the pulse counts maintainthe maximum value before pulse pile-up. Overall measurement, analysis procedure, and related computercodes were changed slightly to reflect the site test condition. The new method was applied to atotal of 15 control rods of 1000 MWe and 1400 MWe PWRs in Korea with worths in the range of 200 pcme1200 pcm. The results show the average difference of -0.4% and the maximum difference of 7.1%compared to the design values. Therefore, the new DCRM-EK will be applied to PWRs using low sensitivityintegral fission chambers, and also can replace the original DCRM when the evaluation fails by bignoises present in current or voltage signals of uncompensated/compensated ion chambers.

시에나의 카타리나 이미지: 성인전과 실제 사이

이은기 미술사연구회 2013 미술사연구 Vol.- No.27

Stories about lives of female saints near the end of Middle ages are endowed with similar characteristics. They are immaculate virgins, obedient and pious. They persevere fasting and penance. They experience mysterious spiritual events. Catherine of Siena(1347∼1380) one of those female saints, but she also possessed extraordinary qualities, such as writings and political power. About eighty years after her death, she was canonized in 1461. She is revered as the saint of Italy, also the patron saint of Europe. She also received papal recognition as Doctor of the Church. Meanwhile, according to modern scholars, Catherine of Siena was a very different person from the Catherine as described in hagiography and in the paintings. The images of Catherine produced between fourteenth century and sixteenth century present her as pale and flabby as a result of her continuous fasting(fig. 4). Panel paintings produced during 1460s highlights mysterious aspect of her life by depicting her experiences of visions(fig. 7~12). Murals at the Chapel of Saint Catherine of Siena, which was built during sixteenth century to commemorate her, strongly emphasize her fasting and vision. Meanwhile, her experiences of writing(fig. 14) and political participation(fig.13) are diminished in importance. The paintings that convey scenes of her life which follow the contents of hagiography that almost resemble legends. It is told that Catherine began fasting since the age of fifteen. She reduced sleep, fastened her waist with iron belt, and flagellated herself using a whip with metal ends. The self-denial and self-sacrifice through fasting was a method of cultivating perseverance. However, it was also a condition which enabled a woman to preach to the public, cultivate her knowledge and political power in the era when many things were prohibited to women. In this context, Dominican order may have highlighted her fasting and mysterious experiences to silence the cacophony aroused by her participation in politics. Among Catherine’s mysterious experiences, the most representative ones are ‘miracle of stigmata’ and ‘marriage to Jesus.’ However, the ‘miracle of stigmata’ was also experienced by St. Francesco of Assisi two centuries ago(fig. 19) and ‘marriage to Jesus’ was a legend of Catherine of Alexandria who was the patron saint of Siena(fig. 20). These mysterious anecdotes may have been applied to Catherine’s life. Catherine is said to have experienced other visions too. The idealization of her visions may have been done by Raymond of Capua who played important role in her sanctification. Catherine left more than 400 letters to the numerous powerful figures, not only Popes and Cardinals, but also Kings and Queens, the political leaders of her era. The language of these letters is powerful and eloquent, resembling an oration by the general who encourages his soldiers. However, Raymond of Capua obscured Catherine’s courage and extraordinary qualities, saying “Lord taught her to read.” He even said that her words were not her own but those transmitted from the Lord(fig. 14). Modern scholars interpret this as a way to defend Catherine by describing her as ignorant and weak woman. For the last ten years of her life, she devoted herself to solving the political and diplomatic problems of the Church. She convinced Pope Gregory XI residing in his papal palace at Avignon to return to Rome. She prevented war by making peace between the Pope and the city of Florence. During the Great Schism, she went Rome to help Pope Urban VI, and died there. When woman could not act outside the boundaries of the house, she displayed extraordinary political capacity. However, none of such qualities is described in her hagiography or in the paintings. As women were regarded as ignorant and weak, when they show their insight and vision, such qualities were thought as their gift from god. When the church became entangled in overwhelming political crisis, it dep...

미술사와 교재 : 우리의 서양미술사 개론서 어떻게 가능한가, 「우리의 서양미술사 개론사 어떻게 가능한가」에 대한 질의, 송혜영 선생님의 질의에 대한 답변

이은기 한국미술사교육학회 2005 美術史學 Vol.19 No.-

이브 : 욕정의 對象에서 인류의 祖上으로 : 14~5세기 이탈리아에서의 이브인식의 변화 Changes in Eve Images in the 14th~15th Century Italy

李銀基 미술사연구회 2004 미술사연구 Vol.- No.18

Images of Eve as an agent of temptation or an object of lust, were counterparts to the images of the Virgin Mary in the Medieval period, and underwent changes in the 14th-15th centuries. Earlier Medieval images of Eve in which the artist had avoided a detailed representation of the female body, changed to beautiful female nude like Venus and was given a saintly halo. Eve was admired as the originary mother of the humankind and also as a the first woman to take on female role within the family. As the figure of Eve allowed artists to paint the female nude in a Biblical context, it reflected certain social implications for the female body. Pictorial interpretations of Adam and Eve provided an image of sex partners between men and women and of the institution of marriage. Under the ascetic values of the Church Fathers, relatively liberal relationships between men and women, as they had existed in earlier ancient society, were received as negative relationships. Sexual relations, marriage and Paradise were believed to be as incompatible as the Paradise and death. The new ascetic doctrines held that it was only possible to ascend to the Paradise through the protecting of one's virginity or by practicing celibacy. This renunciation of the body by the Church Fathers proscribed that one refuses the woman equated as they were designed to tempt men For The Church Fathers, woman was the origin of temptation and, in consequence, Eve was seen as its representative figure. Woman, Eve, the snake, and the feeling of lust, became vaguely related in the collective sense of misogynistic imaginary(fig 4). As a counterpart to the seductive Eve, the Virgin Mary was exulted as the ideal woman, an exemplary figure to represent the ideologies of obedience, virginity and modesty. Mary was the figure who might redeem man for Eve's sin. And an image in the manuscription from Salzburg illustrates the distinction between Mary and Eve as a virgin and a lust, as life and death(fig 5) The Maesta(figs. 6~8) of Ambrogio Lorenzetti was based upon these doctrines, but represents a new Eve at the same time. In this Image of Eve, positioned at the feet of the Virgin Mary, shows us her inscription, "I committed the sin for which Christ, whom this Queen bore m her womb, suffered the Passion for our Salvation." Despite the aforementioned doctrinal dualism of the two types of women, Eve is shown reclining and adorned in a diaphanous gown like Venus. Interestingly, this is not a misogynistic representation. In her hand Eve holds not the apple of temptation but a fig as a symbol of the humankind. In other examples of this type, Eve is no longer a sinful temptress but a respectable woman. In Madonna and Child (figs. 11, 12) by Paolo di Giovanni Fei, Eve has a polygonal halo indicative of a non-Christian holy figure Eve reclines wearing a semi-transparent gown and, accompanied by her two sons showing us her inscription: "In sorrow I bring forth." In this panel Eve is represented not as a temptation for Adam, but as a mother who brought humankind. The idea of Eve as an ancestor of Jesus is illustrated clearly in the altarpiece of The tree of life in Landesmuseum (fig. 13). Adam and Eve stand under a tree with a Crucifix and are crowned with perfectly circular halos. The ideal halos here represent the doctrine that Christ, his redemption of mankind originated with these first humans. An Eve figure, holding a distaff like lance on the mid-15th century fresco, The Great Men and Women, in the Villa Carducci, near Firenze contributes yet another different representation from the lustrous Eve that we have seen. Painted by Andres del Castagno, his illusionistic view makes Eve's image appear more heroic(figs. 15~17) The distaff, a symbol of woman's labor, is a new element which appeared after the 14th century, when the importance of labor and professoin was beginning to be recognized. In his text on Art, Cennino d' Andrea Cennini begins with the book of Genesis. According to Cennini, as a result of God's punishment, "Adam, the beginning and father of us all realized theoretically that some means of living by means of labor had to be found And so he started with the spade, and Eve, with spinning. Man afterward pursued many useful occupations. Labor was no longer seen as a punishment, it was a gift through which humankind could find meaning. Andres del Castagno's Eve in Villa Carducci was depicted as a famous woman with her merit of being called as the first worker. During the 14th~15th centuries, the earlier dualistic representation of a sinful Eve and redeeming Virgin Mary was reformed. Eve, the first mother of humankind, came to represent the virtue of labor. Her image was employed not as an Illustration of the Genesis story but as the first working woman among the famous men and women represented on the walls of room m a private Villa Carducci.

廢棄物管理法制와 廢棄物處理措置命令取消訴訟

이은기 한국행정판례연구회 2008 행정판례연구 Vol.13 No.-

This thesis aims to study on the waste management and control. Deposit waste means waste which is deposited owing mainly to work stoppage, business financial difficulties, bankruptcy. It is obligation for the environmental agency to prevent pollution of the environment or harm to man by removing illegally deposited waste. Our waste management act doesn’t generally define the notion of deposit waste but indirectly defines relevant to guarantee system of deposit waste. The legal issues of this case are whether the waste management license is theoretically patent or licence and whether the annulment disposition of deposit waste disposal order is discretionary action or not and legal character and adequacy of negligence fine. To acquire the waste management licence, an applicant of entrepreneur has to equip necessary facilities, equipment and technical ability. So that it is a patent in spite of provisional expression of license and exclusive status in authorized area. The order of art.10 sec.2 is the ground of regarding the waste management licence as patent because of protecting licensee’s monopolistic minimum interest in his authorized large area over ward. It is administrative agency’s discretion whether it give the waste management license to applicant of entrepreneur or not. It’s not obligation for environmental agency to give an applicant of entrepreneur who meet the requirement of the waste management licence. In this case, the Supreme Court had annulled the appellate court’s decision and had sent it to review once more declaring that the waste management entrepreneurs’ association was not responsible for removing over one and half times as large as the permitted deposit wastes in proportion as the waste management guarantee system was responsible for that. Even though waste management administration is regulative administration for public interest, Responsibility of the waste management entrepreneurs’ association should be limited within the scope of the waste management guarantee system because the institution is managed at associator’s expense payment by monthly installments. In my opinion, the Supreme Court’s decision is realistically rational under our waste management guarantee system. 방치폐기물은 넓게는 폐기물배출업자나 폐기물처리업자가 조업중단, 경영부실, 도산 등의 이유로 폐기물을 정상적으로 처리하지 않고 방치한 폐기물이다. 현행 폐기물관리법에서는 방치폐기물에 대한 일반적 개념정의를 하지 않고 방치폐기물처리보증제도와 관련하여 간접적으로 정의하고 있다. 대상판결에서 논의할 수 있는 법적 쟁점은 우선 폐기물처리업 허가는 강학상 특허인가 허가인가의 문제 그리고 방치폐기물처리에 대한 조치명령이 재량행위인가 기속행위인가의 문제, 마지막으로 피고가 조치명령을 이행하지 않고 있던 원고에게 부과한 과태료의 성격과 그 적절성 여부에 관한 것으로 요약된다. 폐기물처리업 허가를 받으려면 특별한 시설·장비 및 기술능력을 갖추어야 하고 허가받은 영업구역에서 독점적 지위와 권리를 갖는다는 점을 감안할 때 법문상 명칭은 허가이지만 특허로 보아야 할 것이다. 법시행령 제10조 제2항은 구 단위 이상의 광역적 지역을 최소한의 영업구역으로 하여 허가 받은 자의 독점적 이익을 보호하여 폐기물처리업허가를 특허로 볼 수 있는 근거로 볼 수 있다. 폐기물처리업 허가여부는 행정청의 재량에 의한 행위이다. 따라서 폐기물처리업허가가 일정한 요건을 충족하면 행정청으로서는 반드시 허가를 해야 하는 경우가 아니다. 폐기물처리법의 목적, 동법 제25조의 문언과 일정한 시설·장비 및 기술능력을 갖춘 폐기물 처리업자에게 허가받은 영업구역 내에서 영업상 독점적 지위를 부여하는 수익적 행위이며 정책적 재량행위로 볼 수 있다. 판례도 폐기물처리허가처분을 재량행위로 보고 있다. 이 건에서 피고가 폐기물관리법 제40조 제2항에 의해 ‘원창’에게 방치폐기물의 처리를 명했음에도 이를 이행하지 아니하자 피고는 동조 제3항 제1호에 의해 원고에 대하여 한 방치폐기물처리 조치명령을 내렸고 원고가 그 처분의 취소를 구하였다. 여기서 피고가 한 방치폐기물처리 조치명령은 작위하명으로서 위 폐기물조치법에 기한 행정처분인바 재량행위, 기속행위 중 어느 것에 해당하는지가 문제된다. 대상판결은 폐기물관리법에 의해 설립된 폐기물처리공제조합에 대한 지방환경청의 방치폐기물처리조치명령처분을 함에 있어서 폐기물처리공제조합의 조합원인 폐기물처리업체가 방치한 폐기물에 대한 처리책임범위를 처리업체 허용보관량의 1.5배 이내로 한정함으로써 보증보험, 이행보증금예치제도 등 다른 폐기물처리이행제도와 균형을 맞추어야 한다는 이유로 조합원인 처리업체가 방치한 폐기물전량에 대해 내린 명령을 적법하다고 본 원심판결을 파기였고 환송받은 부산고법은 허용보관량의 1.5배를 초과한 처분들은 위법하다는 이유로 모두 취소하였다. 폐기물처리행정이 환경보전이라는 공익을 목적으로 한 규제지만 조합원인 폐기물처리업체의 분담금으로 운영되는 폐기물처리 공제조합의 성격상 그 책임범위는 보증보험 등 다른 폐기물처리이행보증제도와 비교하여 그 책임제한 한도와 균형을 맞춘 것으로서 비례의 원칙에 비추어 볼 때 대상판결의 입장은 타당하다.

都市再開發法에 의한 再開發事業에 있어서의 分讓處分의 法的 性質

李殷祈 행정법이론실무학회 1997 행정법연구 Vol.- No.1

선형희귀 분석을 이용한 빌딩내 전파전파 특성에 관한 연구 ( Path Loss Prediction Models of In-Building Using Linear Regreesion Method )

이은기,김영시,오재덕,권범,임종태,정규석 한국통신학회 1994 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.13 No.1

[조토 탄생 750주년] 르네상스 미술의 꽃봉오리, 화가 조토

이은기 대우재단 2017 지식의 지평 Vol.- No.23

주거권의 입론

이은기 서강대학교 법학연구소 2007 서강법학 Vol.9 No.2

Article § 35 ① and ③ of Korean Constitution regulate on environmental right to live in comfortable and pleasant environment and state's obligation to provide the pleasant residential environment for people. State have to provide minimum standard housing environment for people to maintain complete comfort in a residential environment. But there are lots of homeless family or family facing unstable residential environment in our country. In western country, for example, Great Britain, Germany and Japan, some professors say that "Housing is the fundamental human right". I aim to study on residential environmental right and to propose housing right as a fundamental right of Constitution. Public law professors in our country do not accept residential environmental right yet. But I suggest the housing right as a fundamental notion to protect fundamental human right at first. Probably the fundamental notion of residental environmental right is too early to admit in our country in comparison to above-mentioned country's financial power. I think that we shouldn't put off the problem of housing right of the lower income bracket any more. That's a one way and the short cut to stabilize the relation between labor and capital and to settle the labor management dispute.

자동차 점화잡음의 측정 및 분석

이은기 한국전자파학회 1997 전자파기술 Vol.8 No.3