갑상선 유두암 환자에서 경부 림프절 재발에 대한 최소 갑상선외 침습의 임상적 중요성

황성배(Seong-Bae Hwang),류우상(Woo-Sang Ryu),서우형(U-Hyoung Seo),이재복(Jea-Bok Lee),배정원(Jung-Won Bae),구범환(Bum-Hwan Koo) 대한외과학회 2007 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.73 No.5

Purpose: Extra-thyroidal extension has been recognized as a poor prognostic factor for increased regional recurrence risk in papillary thyroid carcinoma, and is known to require treatment that is more aggressive. In the recent UICC TNM 6th Classification, an extra-thyroidal extension was divided into a minimal extra-thyroidal extension (T3) and a massive extra-thyroidal extension (T4). The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical effect of a minimal extra-thyroidal extension of a papillary carcinoma for the recurrence of regional cervical lymph nodes. Methods: We retrospectively studied 154 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma where a thyroidectomy was performed from Feb. 2003 to May. 2006 at the Department of Surgery, with the exclusion of 6 patients with a massive extra-thyroidal extension. We divided the cases into a no extra-thyroidal extension group and a minimal extra-thyroidal extension group according to the grading of the extra-thyroidal extension. The grading of the extra-thyroidal extension was based on both pathological findings and intraoperative surgical findings. Clinicopathological factors associated with each group were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis. We divided the cases into two groups according to age (<45 yrs, ≥45 yrs) and lymph node status (positive, negative), and compared each group with regards to disease free survival according to the grading of the extra-thyroidal extension. Results: By univariate analysis, a minimal extra-thyroidal extension was related to lymph node metastasis, tumor size, mutifocality (P<0.05), and was not related to cervical lymph node recurrence statistically (P=0.108). Cervical lymph node recurrence was related to being male, lymph node metastasis and tumor size (P<0.05). By multivariate analysis, a minimal extra-thyroidal extension was independently related to tumor size, multifocality, and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). In both groups with regards to age and lymph node status, a minimal extra-thyroidal extension was not statistically related to disease free survival (P>0.05). Conclusion: We need to downstage to less than T3 for a minimal extra-thyroidal extension because there is no significant difference in disease free survival according to the grading of an extra-thyroidal extension in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma.

성재 김익수선생 고희기념 특집호 : 한국의 문화 ; 소,황,미의 상의적 관점으로 서예비평하기

이성배 ( Seong Bae Lee ) 한국사상문화학회 2007 韓國思想과 文化 Vol.36 No.-

송대에 문치주의 정책과 과거제를 통해 등장한 사대부들은 선우후락(先憂後樂)의 사명의식, 천하를 천자와 함께 다스린다는 천하공치의식(天下共治意識), 계왕개래(繼往開來)의 이학적 도통의식을 가지고 자신의 주체적 역량을 펼치고자 하였다. 이들은 강한 자아의식과 현실적·지적 자신감을 바탕으로 송대의 사상과 학문을 주도하였고 시문과 예술에도 관심이 많아 이를 통해 그들의 역량을 펼치고자 하였다. 서예도 그들의 주관심 분야의 하나였다. 소식·황정견·미불의 서예 비평은 공통적인 지향을 가지면서 각각의 차이점을 보였다. 소식과 미불은 그것을 의취(意趣)로 강조하였고, 황정견은 운(韻)으로 표현하였으며, 미불은 또한 팔면의식(八面意識)에서 부정형(不定形) 서예를 통해 자유로운 서예의식을 강조하는 등 각각 상의적 서예비판을 하였다. 이러한 소·황·미의 비평은 종래에 비하여 몇 가지 특성을 보여 주었다. 우선 비평용어나 개념을 이해하기 쉬운 것으로 바꾸었고, 다음에 전주기(篆주氣)를 강조하여 선진시기의 서예에서 새로운 고법기준(古法基準)을 찾았다. 그리고 이왕(二王 왕희지와 왕헌지 부자)을 추존하면서 또한 극복의 대상으로 삼는 탈이왕의식(脫二王意識)을 가졌다. 다음에 이들은 새로운 서통의식(書統意識)을 가졌는데 상의적인 전통성과 이념성에 잘 부합되는 장욱(생몰연도 미상. 당 현종 때 활동)이나 안진경과 양응식을 새롭게 부각시켰다. 소·황·미의 상의적 서예 비판은 고려에도 영향을 미쳤다. 고려 문인들 중에서 임춘(고려 인종~명종 때 활동)의 서상기인론(書象其人論)과, 이인로의 서지이일론(書之理一論)의 비평의식에서 그 영향을 볼 수 있었다. 그리고 이규보(1168~1241)는 상의적 관점에서 신품사현의 서예의 다양한 특성을 논의하였다. 이러한 요소들은 송대 상의적 비평의식의 영향과 무관하지 않음을 보여주는 사례라 하겠다. 따라서 송대 문화의 생동성을 보여 주는 상의(尙意)라는 개념은 역사성을 가지면서 전통에 대한 재해석과 예술적 일탈, 그들의 이념적 지향 등을 통해 새롭게 승화시킬 수 있었다고 본다. The Sadaebus, who emerged through the principle of rule by civil officials and gwageo jedo, the state examination, had a sensibility that put concern first and enjoymentlast. They also tried to display their independent abilities with scientific spiritual enlightenment that ruled the nation together with the son of Heaven, and that handed on the torch. They led the ideology and studies of the Song era based on their strong self-consciousness and actual intellectual self-confidence, and also tried to display their abilities through poetry, prose and other arts. Calligraphy was one of their keen interests. A critique of calligraphy by So Sik (蘇軾), Hwang Jeong-gyun (黃庭堅) and Mi Bul (米불) had differences while at the same time having acommon direction. So Sik and Mi Bul underlined it with volition and taste, while Hwang Jeong-gyun expressed it with a rhyme. Also, Mi Bul emphasized the free formality of calligraphy through an indeterminate form of calligraphy in all sides. This kind of critique by So·Hwang and Mi showed some new characteristics compared to existing examples. First of all, they changed the terms and concepts of critique into understandable ones. In addition, they respected Iwhang (二王), but at the same time had a consciousness to overcome Iwhang. They also gave salience to calligraphers such as Jang Wook (張旭), An Jin-gyung (顔眞卿) and Yang Eung-sik (楊凝式), whose work corresponded with a consultative tradition and ideology. The consultative critique on calligraphy by So Sik (蘇軾), Hwang Jeong-gyun (黃庭堅) and Mi Bul (米불) had an effect upon the Goryeo dynasty. Among the literary men in the Goryeo dynasty, Lim Chun showed a peculiar shape of calligraphy, and Lee In-ro showed a critique of monoism in calligraphy. Lee Gyu-bo commented on the various characteristics of four famous calligraphers of the Goryeo dynasty from the consultative point of view. These elements were not unrelated tothe calligraphy with representation of ideas in the Song era. Therefore, it is believed that the concept of consultation that showed the cultural movement of the Song era had historicity, and sublimated through reinterpretation on the tradition, artistic deviation and their ideological orientation.

범발성 혈관내 응고증이 동반된 임신 16 주에 발생한 태반조기박리 1 예

이성배(Seong Bae Lee),이동호(Dong Ho Lee),강보영(Bo Young Kang),박준철(Jun Chul Park),김종인(Jong In Kim) 대한산부인과학회 2002 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.45 No.8

The syndrome of diffuse intravascular coagulation or DIC was related with high perinatal mortality & morbidity. One of the most common cause of clinically significant DIC is placental abruption Usually, DIC complicates this obstetrical accident in approximately 30% of cases. The majority of placental abruption occured late pregnancy. But, recently we have experienced a case of DIC in a patient with placental abniption in 16 weeks of gestation) age and reviewed it briefly

조선 초기 書論에 대한 一考

이성배(Lee Seong Bae) 한국서예학회 2004 서예학연구 Vol.5 No.-

Choseon culture was developed on the center of Seonglihak (School of Nature and Order) by the nsmg class ical scholars. Seonglihak was introduced as the central idea of understanding not only calligraphy policy and s tyle of calligraphy but also theory and criticism of calligraphy during the Choseon Dynasty. Unlike Koryeo Kingdom, in the Choseon Dynasty government offices educated calligraphy because Choseon Dynasty had no special educational ins titutions. Kings of many generations had policies of collecting great works and publis hing them. However, their policies were changed due to the political influences. At the beginning of Choseon Dynasty, Songseolche , a kind of calligraphy style , was popular. Since a great calligrapher like Prince Ahn Pyeong appeared, the style of calligraphy was in clined to be changed into Choseon s tyle. But, along with the change of political influence , it began to be gradually transformed into Wanghuiji’s style. And, in the aspect of its theory, calligr aphy was regarded as a way of cultivating and s trengthening body and mind under influence of metaphys ics. This inclination became a turning point of deepening the recognition of calligraphy from the point of view of Joo Ja’s theory showing that ha ndwriting is re lated to morality. Next, the traditional s tyle of calligraphy was s tressed, and classical grace was purs ued in the mood of maintaining the old style of writing. AIso, in the aspect of creativity, creative strokes and the free use of the brushes were emphasized beyond the old style. Finally, the critical materials concerning criticism of successive calligraphy and plaques were so rare that they could not be handed down rightly, but the critical records about the cursive style of brushmanship existe d rather than other parts. Especially , Prince Ahn Pyeong was a celebrated calligrapher at home and abroad. Also he found true philosophy of Songseolche. Thus, he was evaluated as a person who led the style of calligraphy in the beginning of Choseon Dynasty because of his graceful and beautiful strokes of the brush.

百濟木簡의 書體에 대한 一考

이성배(Lee Seong-bae) 한국목간학회 2011 목간과 문자 Vol.7 No.-

백제 목간은 1982년에 부여 관북리에서 처음 발굴되면서 세상에 알려졌다. 목간에 쓰인 글씨는 생생한 육필본으로 그 동안 금석유물에 치중되어서 빈약했던 자료의 아쉬움을 어느 정도 보완할 수 있게 되었다. 백제 목간은 지방에서도 발견되었지만 대부분 부여를 중심으로 출토되었다. 목간은 출토지에 따라 서사 내용이나 형태 못지않게 書體도 다양하게 나타났다. 백제 목간에서 확인할 수 있는 서체는 주로 楷書, 行書, 草書, 簡帛書였다. 백제 목간은 서체상으로 볼 때 몇 가지 특징을 확인할 수가 있었다. 먼저 목간에 사용된 서체는 주로 행서였다. 행서를 많이 사용한 것은 실용성이 가장 큰 요인이라고 본다. 다음에 백제의 목간의 서체는 한성에서 웅진으로 다시 사비로 이어지는 백제 서예의 흐름을 반영하고 있다는 점이다. 이 점은 백제 서예가 내재적으로 계승하고 있다는 점을 보여 주는 것이다. 목간에 쓰인 다양한 서체는 백제가 해외와 교류하면서 다양한 서체를 수용하였음을 입증한다고 본다. 백제 사신이 梁의 蕭子雲글씨를 구한 일화 등을 통해 알 수 있듯이 남북조와 수당의 다양한 서예를 적극 수용하였으며 이를 바탕으로 한 서예 수준은 국제 조류에도 결코 뒤지지 않았음을 목간의 높은 서예 수준을 통해 확인할 수 있었다. Baekje Mokgan (ink writing on wood piece) revealed its existence when first discovered in Gwanbuk-ri, Buyeo in 1982. With apparent handwritten letter on it, Baekje Mokgan offered some fresh opportunities to study under the situation many researches had been focused on metal artifacts for it. Baekje Mokgan was discovered in other areas but mostly around Buyeo. It has various writing styles, forms and epic contents according to its findspot. The main styles of it include four styles of Haeseo (楷書), Haengseo (行書), Choseo (草書) and Ganbaekseo (簡帛書). Among them, Baekje Mokgan used mainly the style of Haengseo and it is believed such style perhaps has practical use. And the writing style of Baekje Mokgan also reflects the flow of Baekje calligraphy which had been inherited from Hanseong to Woongjin to Sabi, all of which are capitals of Baekje. This shows Baekje calligraphy has its own inherent succession. Various types of writing style used on Baekje Mokgan mean that they had accepted various styles of handwriting through overseas exchange. As shown in the case that an envoy of Baekje obtained letter of So Ja-woon (蕭子雲) at the time of the Yang (梁) Dynasty, Baekje Mokgan confirms that Baekje had positively embraced various writing styles at the Period of North and South Chinese Dynasties, Tang Dynasty and Su Dynasty of China, and as a result, the level of its calligraphy seemed considerably high when compared to international trends at that time.

생성적 영상을 위한 지역 차분 픽셀 기반 영상 평가 방법

이성배(Rhee Seong Bae),김규헌(Kim Kyu Heon) 한국통신학회 2021 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.2

본 논문은 기존 영상 평가 방법으로 대표되는 PSNR과 SSIM 영상 평가 방법이 다수의 영상을 합성하여 생성한 파노라마 및 360도 영상과 딥러닝을 활용하여 생성한 영상을 품질 평가하는데 적합하지 않다는 제한 사항을 분석하며, 이와 같은 생성적(Generative) 영상을 평가하는데 적합한 구조적 영상 평가 방법을 제안하고자 한다.

청소년들의 이종격투기에 대한 미디어 시청동기가 시청태도와 행동에 미치는 영향

공성배(Seong Bae Kong),성낙훈(Nak Hun Seong),배상일(Sang Il Bae),방환복(Whan Bog Bang),이원희(Won Hi Lee) 한국사회체육학회 2007 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.31

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of teenagers` viewing motivation of the mixed martial arts program on viewing attitude and viewing behavior. For this study, teenagers who have seen the mixed martial arts program in Sung-nam and Young-in City were selected as the population. Then, 336 teenagers chosen by systematic stratified cluster random sampling were analyzed. Exploratory Factor Analysis, Reliability Analysis and Multiple Regression were conducted by SPSS Window 12.0. The results were as follows:First, there were statistically significant differences in viewing attitude and viewing behavior according to the gender. Second, there were no statistically significant differences in viewing attitude and viewing behavior according to the school years. Third, there were statistically significant differences in viewing attitude and viewing behavior according to the viewing time. Fourth, there were statistically significant differences in viewing attitude and viewing behavior according to the viewing period. Fifth, it was found that viewing motivation significantly influences viewing attitude and explains 69.2%(R2=.268) of the variance. Vicarious satisfaction, entertainment pursuit motivation, time consuming motivation, and social exchange motivation which are subordinate constructs of viewing motivation have significantly a positive effect on viewing attitude in the order. Sixth, it was found that viewing motivation significantly influences viewing behavior and explains 69.3%(R2=.268) of the variance. Time consuming motivation, entertainment pursuit motivation, vicarious satisfaction, and social exchange motivation which are subordinate constructs of viewing motivation have significantly a positive effect on viewing behavior in the order. However, information pursuit motivation have significantly a negative effect on viewing behavior.

선택이론 포커스 그룹 활동이 주부들의 정신건강에 미치는 효과

이성배(Seong-Bae Lee),박재황(Jae-Hwang Park) 한국콘텐츠학회 2017 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.17 No.6

본 연구의 목적은 선택이론 포커스 그룹 활동이 주부들의 정신건강 증진에 효과가 있는지를 확인하는 것이다. 본 연구를 위하여 Glasse의 저서인 ‘경고: 정신과 치료가 당신의 정신건강을 해친다’ 를 교육 및 토론의 매체로 활용하였다. 참여자는 2개 그룹 24명의 주부들이었으며 이들 중 12명은 실험군으로, 다른 12명은 대조군으로 배정하였다. 집단 활동 시작 시기에 각 집단을 대상으로 특성분노, 특성불안, 우울 및 심리적 안녕감 척도로 설문조사를 실시하였고, 집단 활동 후, 그리고 5주 후 다시 같은 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째 실험군의 특성분노, 특성불안, 우울의 수준은 대조군과 비교하여 실험직후 및 추후 조사에서 모두 낮았다. 둘째, 실험군의 심리적 안녕감의 수준은 대조군과 비교하여 실험 직후 및 추후 조사에서 모두 높았다. 따라서 본 연구를 통하여 선택이론 포커스 집단은 정신건강의 증진에 효과가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of choice theory focus group work on improving housewives’ mental health. To achieve this goal. the book ‘Warning: Psychiatry can be hazardous to your mental health’ was utilized as a media to educate and debate. The subjects for the study were 24 housewives divided by 2 group. The instrument utilized were the Korean versions of Trait Anger Scale, Trait Anxiety Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and Psychological Well-Being Scale. The participants were asked to complete the instruments before, after and in 5 weeks after the program. The results were as follows: First, Choice Theory Focus Group Work decreased trait anger, trait anxiety and depression compared to control group. Second, Choice Theory Focus Group Work increased Psychological Well-Being Scale compared to control group. The effect of the program was significant in improving mental health of the housewives and the effect was maintained up to 5 weeks after the program. The results of this study implied that Choice Theory Focus Group Work could be effective in improving mental health.

강원도 임해누정(臨海樓亭)의 주요 편액과 서예미학

이성배 ( Lee Seong Bae ) 한국동양예술학회 2020 동양예술 Vol.49 No.-

우리나라는 삼면이 바다인 까닭에 풍광이 좋은 곳이 많다. 때문에 바닷가 곳곳에 임해누정(臨海樓亭)들이 있는데 서해나 남해보다 경관이 수려한 동해에 많이 몰려 있다. 누정은 휴식과 사색하기에 적합한 구조를 가지며, 다양한 사회문화적 기능을 하고 있다. 누정은 본래 신선을 맞이하는 신인합일(神人合一)의 신성한 공간이었다. 누정을 만들어 놓고 신선을 만나기를 원했다. 우리나라에서 누정에 관한 기록은 삼국시대에 신선의식과 관련하여 나타나며, 고려를 지나 조선시대에 이르러서 누정문화가 꽃 피웠다. 누정에 걸린 편액 글씨와 시판(詩板)들을 통하여 참여자의 신분과 성향을 살필 수 있었으며, 누정을 매개로 벌어지는 다양한 교유와 각종 관계를 볼 수 있었다. 강원도의 임해누정 중의 하나인 청간정(淸澗亭)의 편액에서 강함과 질박함을 갖춘 질박한 서예미학을 볼 수 있었다. 또한 이승만 대통령이 쓴 편액은 청간정의 감흥을 노련한 운필로 표현하였고, 최규하 대통령의 편액은 승경(勝景)의 운치를 시어(詩語)로 묘사하였다. 경포대 편액에서 이익희의 해서, 유한지의 예서, 미불의 행서 등으로 대자 서예의 다양성을 볼 수 있었다. 특히 해서의 당당함, 예서의 멋과 여유, 행서의 화려함 그리고 시문으로 경포대의 운치를 담아내었다. 해운정의 편액에서 송시열은 졸박함으로 아름다움을 삼는 이졸위미(以拙爲美)의 서예미학을 보여 주었다. 활래정의 편액에서 김규진은 활발발한 생기를 재치있게 예서로 표현하였고, 김돈희는 안정되고 중후한 해서를 썼다. 정병조는 매끄러운 점획과 결구를 한 행서로 썼으며, 김태석은 둔중하고 우직한 전서로 표현하였다. 이상으로 살펴본 바와 같이 강원지역의 임해 누정은 해서, 행서, 예서, 전서 등으로 풍광의 아름다움과 정신을 미학적으로 다양하게 표현하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. Korea is surrounded by water on three sides, which makes a number of fine scenery. For this reason, there are oceanfront arbor (臨海樓亭) on beaches and most of them are located in the East Sea where the scenery is more beautiful than the West or South Sea. Arbors have a structure proper for rest and meditation and serve a variety of sociocultural functions. Arbors used to be a sacred place of union with god to greet Sinsun (神仙, Taoist hermit with miraculous powers). People built arbors and hoped to meet Sinsun. Records about arbors in Korea are found as to Sinsun spirit in the era of the Three States and arbor culture flowered through Goryeo and Joseon dynasty. Writing on arbor tablets and poetry monuments suggest a diversity of companionship and relations as well as participant’s social rank and disposition. The tablet of Cheongganjeong Pavilion (淸澗亭), one of oceanfront arbors in Gangwon-do Province, exhibits both powerful and plain calligraphic aesthetics. The tablet written by President Rhee Syng-man expresses his inspiration about Cheongganjeong Pavilion with experienced brushstroke and that of President Choi Kyu-hah describes picturesque of fine view with poetic words. The tablet of Gyeongpodae Pavilion presents diversity of large character calligraphy with Lee Ikhi’s Kaishu, Yu Hanji’s Lishu and Mibul’s Xingshu. Charms of Gyeongpodae Pavilion are particularly expressed with grandiosity of Kaishu, sapidity and composure of Lishu, splendor of Xingshu and poetry. The tablet of Haeunjeong Pavilion written by Song Si-yeol displays calli graphic aesthetics of creating beauty out of simplicity and humbleness (以拙爲美). The tablet of Hwallaejeong Pavillion written by Kim Gyujin expresses witty and animated liveliness with Lishu while Kim Donhui adopted stable and imposing Kaishu. Jeong Byeongjo worked on Xingshu with smooth dots and strokes and closing phrase and Kim Taeseok utilized ponderous and brutally frank Zhuanshu. As aforementioned, it is found that oceanfront arbors in Gangwon-do Province aesthetically express beauty of scenery and spirit with diverse forms of Kaishu, Xingshu, Lishu, Zhuanshu, etc.

기산 김준근의 풍속화에 나타난 씨름의 특성

공성배(Kong, Seong-Bae),이태현(Lee, Tae-Hyeon),이승재(Lee, Seung-Jae),권석무(Kwon, Seok-Mu) 한국코칭능력개발원 2023 코칭능력개발지 Vol.25 No.3