A comparative study of English /æ/ and /ε/ produced by early and late Korean and Japanese bilinguals

이보림(Borim Lee) 한국음운론학회 2005 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.11 No.3

The production of the two vowels of English, /æ/ and /ε/, by early and late Korean- and Japanese-English bilinguals was analyzed to investigate L1 interference and age of acquisition effects. All groups except the late Korean bilinguals were native-like in making the different durational patterns between the two vowels. Both Japanese groups seem to have produced more native-like durational patterns due to their native language's vowel length being phonemic. Vowel quality (in terms of first and second formant frequencies) of the two vowels was successfully distinguished by all groups, but it was more different from the NE group's for the late bilinguals: the Japanese group produced far more distinct vowels in both vowel height and tongue advancement, whereas the Korean group produced seemingly less distinct vowels in both standards, compared with those produced by the native English group. However, both Korean and Japanese early bilingual groups produced native-like performance in both duration and quality of the vowels.

Effects of hyperarticulated clear speech in English stress production by Korean and Japanese speakers of English

Borim Lee(이보림),Susan G. Guion 한국음운론학회 2008 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.14 No.2

  This study investigated hyperarticulated, clear speech production of English stress by second language speakers of English. The results of the experiment revealed that second language learners can, to some extent, control their production and that they may have targets for stress production that are undershot but may be reached with more articulatory effort. This suggests that learners regulate phonetic variation in their second language in much the same way as they do for a first language and that when they devote enough attentional resources, they may approximate more native-like productions of specific acoustic features. Three of the acoustic correlates of English stress investigated, i.e., pitch, intensity and duration, were enhanced in clear speech with the exception of duration for Japanese bilinguals. However, vowel reduction in unstressed vowels did not change in clear speech, indicating that it may not be present in learners’ target representations.

히브리어 성서의 인명 연구

이보림(Lee, Borim) 원광대학교 인문학연구소 2016 열린정신 인문학연구 Vol.17 No.3

본 연구는 히브리어 성서에 나오는 주요 인물들의 이름을 히브리어 고유의 형태론적 체계에 따른 분석을 통하여 심도 있게 이해하는 것을 목표로 한다. 분석 대상이 되는 인명의 범위는 성서에 등장하는 최초의 사람 아담과 하와에서부터 이스라엘(야곱)의 열 두 아들까지이며 그들 각각의 이름이 작명되는 배경을 단어 형성 과정을 통하여 조명하였다. 성서 히브리어는 셈어족에 속하는 고대 언어로서 각 단어의 자음만이 어휘적인 의미를 담고 있는 비연속 형태 체계를 갖고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 각 인명의 자음어근을 추출하여 그 어원을 추적함으로써 그 의미를 정확하게 파악하였다. 또한 히브리어 원어의 인명 발음을 제시하여 우리말 성경에 사용된 인명 표기와 비교하였다. 차이가 클 경우에는 19세기 말에 처음으로 우리말 성경이 번역되었을 당시 중국어 성경을 기본으로 번역되었기 때문에 중국어 성경의 한자어 표기와 발음, 그리고 중국어 발음도 비교 분석하였다. 히브리어의 독특성으로 인하여 어떠한 방식의 인명 음역도 원래의 의미를 전달할 수는 없기 때문에 번역본을 읽는 독자들이 인명의 원어에 숨은 진짜 의미를 파악하는데 도움을 주기 위해서는 각주를 활용하여 어근의 의미를 제시하여 주는 것이 필요할 것으로 보인다. This study aimed at a deeper understanding of the Hebrew Biblical personal names through the nonconcatenative morphological framework. The scope of the analysis ranges from Adam and Eve, the first humans, to the twelve sons of Israel (or Jacob), tracking their naming processes in detail. Biblical Hebrew is one of the Semitic languages, where a consonantal root itself conveys the lexical meaning of the word. In this study, therefore, the consonantal root of each name was taken out to be compared with its original root(s), and its meaning could be tracked down. Original pronunciations were presented to be compared with those in the Korean Bible, and when it was necessary Chinese characters and pronunciations were provided for comparison, because the first Korean Bible was translated from the Chinese Bible in the late 19th century. It was suggested that for a better understanding of the readers the hidden meanings of the Biblical Hebrew proper names may be presented in the footnotes in any translated versions of the Bible.

한국어 화자의 영어유음 지각 및 산출에 관한 연구

이보림,이숙향,Lee Borim,Lee Sook-hyang 대한음성학회 2004 말소리 Vol.52 No.-

This study investigates the Korean native speakers' English liquid perception and production. Perception and production experiments were each conducted twice before and after a short period of explicit learning process of phonetic characteristics of English liquids. The results showed that correlation between perception and production varied depending on factors. In both perception and production, word-final position was the most difficult, and cluster position was the easiest. A considerable improvement was observed in word-initial and medial positions in production, whereas no improvement was achieved in word-final position, especially in production. This study is also concerned with the formant structures of Korean native speakers' production of English liquids in order to see what acoustic features are highly correlated with Korean native speakers' production accuracy of English liquids. The results showed that F2 did not show a high correlation while F3 was a strong correlate of the production accuracy.

한국어 화자의 영어 어말 폐쇄음 파열의 인지와 발음 연구

이보림,이숙향,박천배,강석근,Lee Borim,Lee Sook-hyang,Park Cheon-Bae,Kang Seok-keun 대한음성학회 1999 말소리 Vol.38 No.-

Researches on perception have, in recent years, been increasingly popular as a means of accounting for cross-linguistic sound patterns (Ohala, 1992; Hemming, 1995; Jun, 1995; Steriade, 1997 among others). In loanword phonology, Silverman(1990, 1992) argues that words from a source language are scanned through the perceptual level and that the features perceived by a speaker are stored in the input to be processed according to his/her native language's phonological constraints. The purpose of this paper is to test the validity of Silverman's proposal by examining the correlation between perception and production of Korean learners of English. We specifically focussed on perception and production of stop release by contrasting English loanwords with English words loarned through education to see if there were any significant differences. The results showed that there was no substantive correlation between the Korean speakers' perception of the loanwords pronounced by English speakers and their own production of those words. In the case of English words, however, the Korean speakers' production was closely related with their perception, although some inter-speaker variations were observed. With Optimality Theory (Prince & Smolenksy, 1993) as a theoretical framework of analysis, it was shown that the theory is a useful means of implementing a phonetics-phonology interface and relating perceptual processes with speech production. Specifically, under the assumption that loanwords with [t]~[t/sup h/] alternation (e.g.,'cut') are originally borrowed into Korean as two different input forms, all the alternations could be straightforwardly accounted for in terms of a unified ranking of constraints.

전자 의학 기록 데이터에서의 학습과 기억

이윤근(Yun-Geun Lee),권지훈(Jihun Kwon),성낙호(Nako Sung),박승현(Seunghyun Park),곽하녹(Hanock Kwak),김정훈(Jeong Whun Kim),박진주(Jin Joo Park),류보림(Borim Ryu),하정우(Jung-Woo Ha) 한국통신학회 2018 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.11

태풍피해자료를 이용한 태풍위험지수 개발

김연수(Kim, Yonsoo),이보림(Lee, Borim),김태균(Kim, Taegyun) 한국방재학회 2019 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.19 No.7

태풍피해는 호우로 인한 홍수, 강풍, 풍랑 등 3가지 피해가 동시에 발생하는 재해로, 지난 10년간 피해액 기준으로 가장 큰 피해를 일으켰다. 본 연구에서는 전국 229개 시군구를 대상으로 1994년 이후 발생한 태풍피해자료를 이용하여 태풍위험지수(TRI)를 개발하였다. 태풍위험지수는 PSR 구조체계를 이용하여 시군구별로 개발하였다. 압력지수(PI)는 수문기상, 지역특성, 사회경제적 지표 등 10개 지표를, 상태지수(SI)는 피해 관련 3개 지표를, 대책지수(RI)는 재정상태, 방재관련 사업, 시설 등 6개 지표를 이용하였다. 지수산정을 위한 각 지표의 가중치는 엔트로피 방법을 이용하였다. 압력지수는 수도권과 남해안 지역이 높게 나타났고, 상태지수는 남해안과 동해안 지역이 높게 나타났으나, 대책지수는 지역적 경향성을 찾기 어려웠다. 태풍위험지수는 남해안과 동해안 및 지리산, 덕유산 인근 지역이 높게 나타났으며, 이는 태풍피해 다발지역과 일치하는 것을 알 수 있다. 개발된 태풍위험지수는 태풍에 위한 피해를 감소하기 위한 대비와 방재 관련 사업의 우선순위를 결정하는데 이용될 수 있을 것이다. Typhoon cause damage through simultaneous flooding, strong winds, and storms; they have been one of the most damaging disasters of the last decade. In this study, we develop a typhoon risk index (TRI) based on records of typhoon damage that occurred in 229 municipalities across South Korea since 1994. The TRI employs a pressure-state-response (PSR) framework system. For the pressure index (PI), we use ten indicators that represent hydro-meteorological, regional, and socio-economic characteristics. The state index (SI) includes three indicators related to typhoons and the response index (RI) comprises six indicators including financial status and disaster mitigation-related projects and facilities. The weighting of each indicator for the TRI was calculated using an entropy method. The PIs are higher in the Seoul metropolitan and southern coast areas of the Korean peninsula. The SIs are higher for the southern and eastern coastal areas. It is not easy to determine a regional trend for the RIs. The TRI is higher for the southern and eastern coasts and the Jirisan and Deogyusan areas. These regions are consistent with the areas where typhoons have frequently caused damage. The TRI developed in this research will contribute to decision-making about the priority of disaster prevention projects to mitigate typhoon damage.

Tukey’s Ladder of Power Transformation을 이용한 태풍예측함수 개발

김연수(Kim Yonsoo),김태균(Kim Taegyun),이보림(Lee Borim) 한국방재학회 2018 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.18 No.6

본 연구에서는 태풍피해를 예측하기 위한 태풍피해예측함수를 다중선형회귀모형을 이용하여 개발하였다. 태풍 피해는 호우, 강풍, 풍랑으로 인한 피해가 복합적으로 나타나므로, 피해예측함수를 구성하는 설명변수(독립변수)의 수가 많고 다양하다. 그러나 태풍피해예측함수를 개발하기에는 태풍 피해 자료는 작고 충분치 않다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여, 예측력만을 위한 모형을 개발하였고, 변수선정방법은 LOOCV-전진선택법을 적용하였으며, 종속변수와 독립변수들의 선형성을 확보하기 위하여 Tukey’s Ladder of Power의 멱승변환을 이용하였다. 태풍피해예측함수는 16개 이상의 자료를 가진 전국 22개 시군구를 대상으로 개발되었으며, 시군구별로 지역특성에 따라 다양한 멱승변환계수 λ를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 22개 시군구를 대표할 변환계수 λ는 NRMSE 기준 λ=0.2, R² 기준 λ=0.3일 때 가장 좋은 결과를 나타내었다. In this study, we use multiple linear regression to develop a function for predicting damage caused by typhoons. The number of explanatory independent variables constituting the damage prediction function is large and varied because typhoon damage is attributed to a combination of factors such as heavy rain, strong wind, and waves. However, existing data of typhoon damage are insufficient for developing a damage prediction function. To resolve this problem, a model for prediction power only was developed, and the leave-one-out-cross-validation (LOOCV)-forward selection method was applied to select the variables. In addition, the power transformation of Tukey’s Ladder of Powers was adopted to create linearity in the dependent and independent variables. The typhoon damage prediction function was developed for 22 districts with more than 16 datasets. The transformation factor λ, representing these 22 districts, was shown to vary according to the regional characteristics of each city and district. The best results occurred when λ = 0.2 and λ = 0.3 for the normalized root-mean-square error (NRMSE) and coefficient of determination (R²) standards, respectively.