Stress-Strain curve를 이용한 W-C-N 확산방지막 물성 특성 연구

이규영,김수인,박상재,이동관,정용록,정준,이종림,이창우,Lee, Kyu-Young,Kim, Soo-In,Park, Sang-Jae,Lee, Dong-Kwan,Jeong, Yong-Rok,Jung, Jun,Lee, Jong-Rim,Lee, Chang-Woo 한국진공학회 2011 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.20 No.4

본 연구에서는 W (Tungsten)를 주 구성 물질로 불순물 C (Carbon)과 N (Nitrogen)을 첨가한 W-C-N 확산방지막 시편을 제조하였고, $N_2$가스의 유량을 변화시키면서 확산방지막을 제조하여 각각의 시료에 대하여 $600^{\circ}C$열처리를 하였다. 실험 결과 질소유량의 변화에 따라 시편의 탄소성 구간층의 물성 변화율이 시편의 탄성구간보다 큰 것을 알아냈다. 이는 질소 가스의 유량 변화가 시편의 탄소성 구간에 더욱 직접적으로 연관이 되었다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 각 시료는 16회 연속 압입 실험을 실시하여 Stress-strain curve를 통하여 질소 가스의 유량이 2 sccm인 박막의 분산이 적음을 알아냈고, 연속압입을 통하여 얻어진 상항복점의 표준 편차 역시 질소 가스의 유량이 2 sccm인 박막이 가장 적다는 것을 알 수 있었다. Stress-strain curve 분산과 상항복점의 Stress 값의 표준 편차의 크기로 부터 박막의 안정도를 예상할 수 있었으며, 이 결과로부터 W-C-N 박막은 질소 유량에 따라 박막의 안정도가 변화하는 것을 알았다. This paper suggest tungsten (W)-carbon (C)-nitrogen (N) thin films for diffusion barrier that W is main material and C and N are additives. W-C-N thin films are deposited with fixed rates of W and C but with a variation of $N_2$ gas flow and W-C-N thin films are heated at $600^{\circ}C$. From the experimental results, the variation of elastoplastic region for W-C-N thin film measured by tribological property is larger than that of elastic region with a variation of $N_2$ gas flow. These results show that the $N_2$ gas flow is more directly related with the elastoplastic region of W-C-N thin film. Nanoindenting test executed 16 times consecutively and we got the stress-strain curve graphs and hardness datas at each sample. Through the stress-strain curve graphs, the standard diviation of stress-strain curve for $N_2$ gas flow rate of 2.0 sccm is smaller than that of 0, 0.5, 1.5 sccm. Consequently, the physical stability of W-C-N thin film depends on the flow rate of $N_2$ gas.

압입속도의 변화에 따른 탄성계수와 경도의 오차 연구

이규영,이찬빈,김수인,이창우,Lee, Kyu-Young,Lee, Chan-Bin,Kim, Soo-In,Lee, Chang-Woo 한국진공학회 2010 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.19 No.5

나노 소재의 물성을 측정하기 위하여 대부분의 연구 그룹에서는 크게 두 가지 분석 기법인 분광학을 이용한 분석과 나노트라이볼로지를 이용한 분석을 사용하고 있다. 분광학을 이용한 분석에는 NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), IR (Infrared Spectroscopy), Raman 등이 대표적이라 할 수 있고, 나노트라이볼로지를 이용한 분석에는 AFM (Atomic Force Micro-Scope), EFM (Electrostatic Force Microscope), KFM (Kelvin Force Microscope), Nanoindenter 등의 탐침을 이용한 측정 기법이 대표적이다. Nanoindenter는 물질의 탄성 및 경도를 측정 할 수 있으며 이를 통해 물질의 특성을 연구 하는 데에 사용된다. 그러나 이런 Nanoindenter의 압입 실험에서 압입 조건 등의 통제 변수가 다르면 그 결과 값도 바뀌는 것을 볼 수 있는데 본 실험에서는 이런 압입 조건 중 Load - Hold - Unload force의 속도 및 시간을 변화시켜 물질의 탄성계수와 경도가 어떠한 차이를 가지는지 연구하였다. Most research groups used two analysis methods (spectroscopy and nanotribology) to measure the mechanical properties of nano-materials: NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), IR (Infrared Spectroscopy), Raman Spectroscopy as the spectroscopy method and AFM (Atomic Force MicroScope), EFM (Electrostatic Force Microscope), KFM (Kelvin Force Microscope), Nanoindenter as the nanotribological one. Among these, the nano-indentation technique particularly has been recognized as a powerful method to measure the elastic modulus and the hardness. However, this technique are prone to considerable measurement errors with pressure conditions during measurement. In this paper, we measured the change of elastic modulus and hardness of an Al single crystal with the change of load, hold, and unload time, respectively. We found that elastic modulus and hardness significantly depend on load, hold, and unload time, etc. As the indent time was shortened, the elastic modulus value decreased while the hardness value increased. In addition, we found that elastic modulus value was more sensitive to indent load, hold, and unload time than the hardness value. We speculate that measurement errors of the elastic modulus and the hardness originate from the residual stress during indenting test. From our results, the elastic modulus was more susceptible to the residual stress than the hardness. Thus, we find that the residual stress should be controlled for the minimum measurement errors during the indenting test.

Silicone Index Tooth Tray를 이용한 인상체의 체적안정성에 대한 연구

이규영,정승미,심준성,최병갑,이근우,Lee Kyu-Young,Jeong Seung-Mi,Shim June-Sung,Choi Byung-Gap,Lee Keun-Woo 대한치과보철학회 2005 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.43 No.5

Statement of problem: Silicone Index Tooth Tray impression system which does not use gingicord has a shortcoming. It takes time to remove internal wall of Silicone Index Tooth Tray for space of wash impression material. Purpose: This study was to evaluate whether providing certain space to impression body can prevent from doing complicated laboratory work. Material and methods: After mounting metal dies with shoulder and chamfer margins arbiturarily, SITT was produced using $Blu-mousse^(R)$. In one experimental group, wash impression was taken using $Fit-tester^(R)$ without removing interior surface of SITT and in the other group, wash impression was taken using $Fit-tester^(R)$ providing 0.5mm space in the SITT and then compared the differences in two groups. Results: 1. There was no significant difference between a group which did not allow space and a group which granted equal 0.5mm space. 2. There was no significant difference between gingival diameter, occlusal diameter of metal die that has shoulder margin and gingival diameter, occlusal diameter of metal die that has chamfer margin. 3. There was no significant difference between a group which did not take pick-up impression and a group which took pick-up impression through relining method using SITT 4. There was no significant difference between a group that poured immediately after taking primary impression and a group that poured after removing poured stone die. Conclusions: When taking an impression of an abutment using SITT impression system, it is considered to obtain clinically identical results between a group that did not grant a 0.5mm space within SITT for wash impression and a group which invest a space. Furthermore, it is considered possible to produce an individual die through secondary pouring.

활택방법에 따른 도재표면의 거칠기 비교

이규영,이청희,조광헌,Lee, Kyu-Young,Lee, Chung-Hee,Jo, Kwang-Hun 대한치과보철학회 1998 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.36 No.3

This study was designed to compare the smoothness by glazing method with that by polishing method after 48 specimens of Ceramco II block, one of porcelain materials used for PFM, were baked according to the manufacturer's directions. The specimens were roughened with new green stone at 15,000rpm for 30 seconds and sandblasted with $25{\mu}$aluminum oxide for 15 seconds. They were divided into 4 groups at random, and 4 groups were prepared as follows : Group I : specimens were autoglazed and overpolished with polishing system. Group II : specimens were polished with only polishing system. Group III : specimens were glazed after adding glazing liquid, vitachrom 'L'-fluid (vita zahnfabrik co. Germany) to the rough surface Group V : specimens were just autoglazed Using the surface roughness tester, Ra, Rmax. and Rz were estimated 5 times per specimen, and recording process of mean value was repeated 3 times. The results were as follows : 1. The Ra of group I and group II was lower than group III and group IV (p<001). 2. There was lower value of Rz in group I and group II than group III and group IV (p<001). 3. The Rmax of group I (overpolished with polishing system after autoglazing) and group II (polished with only polishing system) was lower than group III (glazed after adding glazing liquid) and group IV (autoglazed) (p<001). 4. There was not a statistically significant difference between group I and II and between group III and IV (p>001). 5. The roughness was increase in order of group I, II, III, IV in SEM

나라수 힐링액 샴푸와 토닉의 모발 유수분과 양모 효능 및 안전성 연구 -단일기관, 단일군 전후 비교 예비 인체 적용 시험-

이규영,홍철희,이성진,선승호,이춘명,Lee, Kyou-Young,Hong, Chul-Hee,Lee, Sung-Jin,Sun, Seung-Ho,Lee, Chun-Myeong 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2014 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.27 No.3

Objectives : This study was carried out to examine the change of scalp and hair condition and to evaluate the efficacy of hair growth, subject's satisfaction and safety of the Narasoo healing shampoo and Hair tonic Methods : We offered 25 subjects Narasoo healing shampoo and Hair tonic and observed the changes among the starting point, 3rd week and 6th week. Study methods include the measurement of water and sebum content of the scalp, photo of scalp and hair, thermographic images and questionnaires. Results : It is estimated that Narasoo healing shampoo and Hair tonic have the positive effects on increase of water contents hair gloss, removal of excessive hair keratin, facilitation of hair growth, and decrease of sebum contents. Conclusions : Several meaningful effects of Narasoo healing shampoo and Hair tonic are observed in this study. Additional research is needed forward.

UV 처리에 의한 T-OLED용 산화전극에 적합한 Ag 박막연구: Nano-Mechanics 특성 분석을 중심으로

이규영,김수인,김주영,권구은,강용욱,손지원,전진웅,김민철,이창우,Lee, Kyu Young,Kim, Soo In,Kim, Joo Young,Kwon, Ku Eun,Kang, Yong Wook,Son, Ji Won,Jeon, Jin Woong,Kim, Min Chul,Lee, Chang Woo 한국진공학회 2012 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.21 No.6

Ag (silver)의 일함수는 T-OLED (Top Emission Organic Light Emitting Diode)의 전극소자로 사용하기에는 다소 낮다는 단점이 있다(~4.3 eV). 이러한 단점을 해결하기 위한 대안으로 Ag 박막의 표면을 플라즈마, UV, 열처리를 통하여 일함수를 높이는 연구가 진행되어 왔다(~5.0 eV). 하지만 현재의 대부분 연구는 후 처리된 박막의 일함수에 초점을 맞춰 연구가 진행되어, 박막의 mechanical property에 대한 연구는 매우 부족하며 이는 T-OLED의 효율과 수명 등의 연구에 매우 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 Ag와 $AgO_x$ 박막의 mechanical property에 초점을 맞춰 분석을 실시하였다. Ag는 유리기판 위에 rf-magnetron sputter를 이용하여 100 W의 power에서 150 nm 두께로 증착되었다. 증착된 박막은 UV 램프를 이용하여 다양한 시간동안 UV 처리되었다(0~9분). 본 논문에서는 처리된 박막의 면저항을 측정하고 nano indenter, Scanning Probe Microscopy의 Atomic Force Microscopy mode를 이용하여 mechanical property를 분석하였다. 실험 결과 UV 처리 시간이 3분을 넘어가는 시편과 3분 이내의 시편은 면저항값 및 경도 값에 큰 차이가 있었다. 이러한 결과는 Ag 박막의 후처리에 따른 Ag 물질의 산화 및 결합상태에 따라 박막 내에 존재하는 stress의 영향으로 예상되어진다. The work function of Ag (silver) is too low (~4.3 eV) to be used as an electrode of T-OLED (Top Emission Organic Light Emitting Diode). To solve this weakness, researches used plasma-, UV-, or thermal treatment on Ag films in order to increase the work function (~5.0 eV). So, most of studies have focused only on the work function of various treated Ag films, but studies focusing on nanomechanical properties were very important to investigate the efficiency and life time of T-OLED etc. In this paper, we focused on the mechanical properties of the Ag and $AgO_x$ film. The Ag was deposited on a glass substrate with the thickness of 150 nm by using rf-magnetron sputter with the power was fixed at 100 W and working pressure was 3 mTorr. The deposited Ag film was UV treated by UV lamp for several minutes (0~9 min). We measured the sheet resistance and mechanical property of the deposited film. From the experimental result, there were some differences of the sheet resistance and surface hardness of Ag thin film between short time (0~3 min) and long time UV treatment. These result presumed that the induced stress was taken place by the surface oxidation after UV treatment.

약물유전체학과 정신분열병

이규영,정인원,Lee, Kyu Young,Chung, In Won 대한생물정신의학회 2001 생물정신의학 Vol.8 No.2

The pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia exhibits wide inter-individual variabilities in clinical efficacy and adverse effects. Recently, human genetic diversity has been known as one of the essential factors to the variation in human drug response. This suggests that drug therapy should be tailored to the genetic characteristics of the individual. Pharmacogenetics is the field of investigation that attempts to elucidate genetic basis of an individual's responses to pharmacotherapy, considering drug effects divided into two categories as pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. The emerging field of pharmacogenomics, which focuses on genetic determinants of drug response at the level of the entire human genome, is important for development and prescription of safer and more effective individually tailored drugs and will aid in understanding how genetics influence drug response. In schizophrenia, pharmacogenetic studies have shown the role of genetic variants of the cytochrome P450 enzymes such as CYP2D6, CYP2C19, and CYP2A1 in the metabolism of antipsychotic drugs. At the level of drug targets, variants of the dopamine $D_2$, $D_3$ and $D_4$, and 5-$HT_{2A}$ and 5-$HT_{2C}$ receptors have been examined. The pharmacogenetic studies in schizophrenia presently shows controversial findings which may be related to the multiple involvement of genes with relatively small effects and to the lack of standardized phenotypes. For further development in the pharmacogenomics of schizophrenia, there would be required the extensive outcome measures and definitions, and the powerful new tools of genomics, proteomics and so on.

이명의 침 치료에 관한 최근 임상 연구 동향

이규영,홍철희,Lee, Kyou-Young,Hong, Chul-Hee 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2015 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.28 No.3

Objectives : The aim of this study is to analyze recent clinical research of the acupuncture for the treatment of tinnitus.Methods : We searched pubmed for foreign journals with the title/abstract 'tinnitus, acupuncture' published in the last 10 years, and for domestic journals we searched NDSL, RISS, KISS, The National Assembly Library, The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology with the same conditions as foreign journals.Results : We selected total 10 papers: 7 RCTs, 1 RCT protocol, 1 clinical trial, 1 Systematic Review. In RCT, all studies showed positive effect, however in comparison with the control groups, only 2 studies showed meaningful effects.Conclusions : Positive effect of the acupuncture on tinnitus is expected, but because of several limits observed in many papers, we can't draw defined conclusions. Further well-designed researches are needed.

학교보건교육의 효과 평가 방안

이규영,Lee, Gyu-Young 한국학교보건학회 2009 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.22 No.1

An evaluation in school education systems should identify what students achieve and what they do not. Since 2010, if the health education curriculum is provided as a selective course in middle and high school settings, the national health education standards are required because these affect on students' applications of a higher stage of education. It would be better that each school follows their autonomy to evaluate each student's achievement on the health education. In addition, the national health education standards should be set to assess the effectiveness of seven categories in health education. It is hard to achieve good results through 17 hours of the health education per a semester. Therefore, the health education would be better to provide more than 50 hours per a semester, and the 3th graders instead of 5th graders are suitable for taking the health education because they are more flexible to change their lifestyle toward healthier life. There are two categories in the health education, such as "Mental Health" and "Society and Health" which are expanded from originally seven categories of the health education. Moreover, professional training programs for school nurses should be provided because these two categories are relatively a new domain for them. Finally, all elementary middle and high schools have a school nurse to decrease inequal opportunities of the health education between urban and rural area. When these suggestions are all set in school systems, our students' health behaviors will be improved as well as the effectiveness of the health education.

Inhibitory Effect of Semen Sinapis Albae on Immediate Hypersensitivity Reaction

이규영,홍철희,Lee, Kyou-Young,Hong, Chul-Hee The Society of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology 2014 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.27 No.4

목적 : 본 연구에서는 백개자 열수추출물이 활성화된 대식세포 및 사람 비만세포주, HMC-1에서 염증 반응을 효과적으로 억제하는가를 관찰하고자 하였다. 방법 : 대식세포에 여러 농도의 백개자 열수추출물을 가한 뒤 LPS로 염증을 유도하여 NO 생산, iNOS와 COX-2 단백질 발현을 관찰하였으며 HMC-1에도 여러 농도의 백개자 열수추출물을 가한 후 PMACI로 염증을 유도하여 histamine 분비와 NF-${\kappa}B$ 활성 및 $I{\kappa}B$-${\alpha}$의 인산화, MAPKs pathway에 대한 저해효과를 관찰하였다. 결과 : 백개자 열수추출물은 대식세포에서 LPS로 유도된 NO 생성 및 INOS, COX-2 단백질 발현을 농도 의존적으로 저해하였으며 HMC-1에서 PMACI로 유도된 histamine의 분비와 p38 MAPK, ERK, JNK의 인산화 반응 및 $I{\kappa}B$-${\alpha}$의 인산화와 NF-${\kappa}B$의 활성을 저해하였다. 결론 : 백개자 열수추출물은 대식세포 및 비만세포의 활성을 저해함으로써 알레르기 질환의 치료에 사용될 잠재성이 크다고 사료된다.