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김영아(Kim Yeongah),유영숙(Yoo Young Sook),김명애(Kim Myung Ye) 계명대학교 간호과학연구소 2008 계명간호과학 Vol.12 No.1
Purpose: This study was performed to analyze the concept of coping. Method: The method was based on the steps of Walker and Avant"s concept analysis. Results: The result of this study were as follows: The defining attributes of coping were efforts to recover the situation, perceptions or behaviors to get over a crisis, controls of a man and environmental condition in the situational context, and obtainments of resources to reduce sufferings and to manage tension. The antecedents of coping were internal and external demands in the environmental context, a perceptive burden or crisis in the person concerned, and negative changes on the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual fronts. The consequences of coping were to improve social function, to encourage, and to obtain physical health. Conclusion: Coping is a process of the perceptional and behavioral efforts to create the positive value in the environmental context, when it awake to internal or external demands that is a burden or crisis. I expect that these results will be provided with a useful information to develop coping related tools and new theories.
손용기(Yong-gi Son),유정호(Jeong-ho Yoo),유영숙(Young-sook Yoo),김종춘(Jong-choon Kim),이성욱(Sung-wook Lee),조인억(In-eok Cho) 한국자동차공학회 2007 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-
As the concerns regarding global worming were increased, the pressure of greenhouse gas(GHG) emission reduction on mobile source was also increased. Carbon Dioxides contribute over 90% of total GHG emission and the mobile source occupies about 20% of this CO₂ emission. Therefore automotive exhaust is suspected to be one of the major reasons of the rapid increase in greenhouse effect gases in ambient air. In this study, in order to investigate CO₂ emission factor characteristics from passenger cars(PC), which is the most dominant vehicle type in Korea, 103 vehicles were tested on the chassis dynamometer. CO₂ emissions and fuel efficiency were measured. The emission factor characteristics by displacement, gross vehicle weight, vehicle speed and CVS-75/vehicle speed mode were discussed. Test modes were vehicle speed modes and CVS-75 mode that have been used to develop emission factors and to regulate for light-duty vehicle in Korea. It was found thai CO₂ emissions showed higher large displacement, heavy gross vehicle weight, low vehicle speed and CVS-75 mode than small displacement, light gross vehicle weight, high vehicle speed and vehicle speed mode, respectively. From these results, correlation between CO₂ emission and fuel efficiency was also determined. The results of this study will contribute to domestic greenhouse gas emissions calculation and making the national policy for climate change.