20세기 전기 구어 자료에 나타난 종결형 양상 -대화 음성 자료를 대상으로

오재혁 ( Jeahyuk Oh ),장혜진 ( Hyejin Jang ),홍종선 ( Jongseon Hong ) 민족어문학회 2015 어문논집 Vol.- No.73

이 연구에서는 20세기 전기 구어 자료에 나타난 종결형의 실현 양상을 고찰하고, 같은 시기의 문어 자료를 대상으로 보고된 종결형 연구의 결과와 비교하여 20세기 전기 구어 종결형의 특징을 밝히려 하였다. 이를 위해 ‘고려대 구어 말뭉치: 20세기 전기’ 자료 중에서 영화나 유성기 연극, 유성기 영화에 수록된 대화 자료를 대상으로 종결 유형을 분류하고 그 중에서 특히 종결 어미로 맺는 발화를 취하여 종결형별로 그 사용 빈도를 제시하였다. 20세기 전기 구어의 종결 어미는 같은 시기에 보고된 문어의 종결 어미와 다소 차이를 보인다. 격식체 어미가 간소화되고, 비격식체 어미가 활발하게 사용되었다. 또한 문어 자료에서는 1945년 이후에 등장한다고 보고된 어미가 해당 시기 구어에서 관찰되며, 문어 자료 중 구어체 자료에서 관찰된 어미를 실제 구어 자료에서 확인할 수 있다. 그리고 이 시기의 종결형은 범용 어미로 실현되는 빈도가 매우 높았다. 모음조화의 교체에서는 음성모음으로 시작하는 어미가 양성 모음으로 시작하는 어미보다 그 빈도가 매우 높아, 선행 말음 어간이 /ㅏ/인 경우나 기원적으로 /·/였던 /ㅡ/ 말음 어간에까지 음성 모음으로 시작하는 어미가 결합하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 그동안 문어 자료를 기반으로 하는 문장 종결형 연구에서는 후기 근대 국어, 개화기 종결 어미 유형 및 종결형에 대해서 언급해 왔으나, 그 유형 및 빈도를 계량적으로 제시한 적은 없다. 이 연구는 종결형별로 어미의 유형 및 형태소 사용 빈도를 계량하여 빈도 및 비율을 통해 구체적인 사용 실태를 고찰한 데 의의가 있다. In this paper, the utterance final forms in spoken Korean of the first half of the 20th century are investigated and, comparing to the results of studies on sentence ending forms which were reported based on written Korean from the identical era, the characteristics of the utterance final forms of the spoken Korean in the first half of the 20th century. To achieve this, from ‘Spoken Korean Corpus by Korea University: The first half of the 20th Century’, different types of final forms have been distinguished based on conversational materials from movies as well as plays and movies made with gramophone. In particular, utterances with sentence endings are obtained and the frequency of each sentence ending’s use has been presented. The sentence endings of the spoken Korean in the first half of the 20th century show a slight difference from those of the written Korean of the same era. Formal endings have been simplified while informal endings have been actively used. Also, the endings that have been reported to appear in written Korean after 1945 were discovered in the spoken Korean during the particular time period, and the endings described in the spoken Korean data among the written Korean materials can be found in materials of the actual spoken language. Moreover, the final forms of the period often became generally-used endings. In variations of vowel harmony, there are more endings started in negative vowels than in positive vowels, so there can be noticed cases in which the stem of the preceding vowel is /ㅏ/ or the ending started with a negative vowel is even merged with a stem vowel such as /ㅡ/, which, in the ancient times, was /·/. Though different studies on sentence endings forms based on written language materials have mentioned on topics including post-modern Korean language and sentence ending forms during the time of enlightenment in 19th century, none of them has ever quantitatively explained the types and the frequency of their usage. This research is meaningful in quantitatively studying the types of each utterance final form and the frequency of use of its morpheme through which the concrete, detailed reality of the usage is able to be examined.

단모음의 길이에 미치는 인접 자음의 영향

오재혁(Oh, Jeahyuk) 한국어학회 2017 한국어학 Vol.76 No.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of adjacent consonants on the length of the vowels. For this purpose, 101,569 vowels were extracted by controlling all the deviations by the length of speech, the speed of speech, the number of syllables in one word, and the syllable length using Seoul Corpus. The differences of the vowel lengths according to the attributes of adjacent consonants were discussed through the average length and standard deviation of the vowels according to the position of articulation, the manner of articulation, and the type of voicing for each type of syllable. As a result of the study, it was found that the consonants had more influence on the vowel length in case of consonants, and depending on the properties of the consonants, [sonorant] in the articulation manner, [anterior] in the articulation place, [aspirated] in the phonation type, The length of the vowels changed greatly. Concretely, when vowels are adjacent to consonants with [+sonorant], [+anterior], and [-aspirated], the length of the vowel becomes longer and the vowel length is [+sonorant], [-aspirated], [+anterior] in the order of length.

한국어 리듬의 등시성에 대하여

오재혁(Jeahyuk Oh) 한국어학회 2015 한국어학 Vol.68 No.-

This study aims to identify the factors that generate isochronism in the rhythm of Korean language as well as the units of the isochronism. To this end, 1) the number and length of syllables in conversational speech, 2) the number and length of eojeol (a word phrase unique in the Korean language) in conversational speech, and 3) the number and length of syllables in eojeols of conversational speech were measured using the Seoul corpus. The result showed that certain direct proportional relationships exist among the measured data, and, at the same time, that certain ranges exist in terms of the number of syllables and eojeols in order for those direct proportional relations to be established. It was also proved, by examining the relations between the length of eojeols and the number of syllables within each eojeol and etc., that the eojeols in conversational speech maintain a uniform length in time. In summary, the result of this study suggests that the linguistic element that forms isochronism in the rhythm of Korean language is the syllable, and that this phenomenon occurs because eojeol, the higher syllabic unit, has a tendency to temporal consistency during conversational speech.

외국인 유학생의 한국어 비교 구문 추론에 대한 연구

오재혁 ( Oh Jeahyuk ),이정란 ( Lee Jungran ) 우리어문학회 2021 우리어문연구 Vol.70 No.-

본 연구는 한국어 고급 수준의 외국인 유학생들이 한국어 비교 구문의 의미를 어떻게 지각하는지, 그 추론 양상이 한국인과 어떠한 차이를 보이는지를 밝히고자 하는 목적으로 진행되었다. 이를 위하여 외국인 유학생 20명을 대상으로, 한국어 비교 구문 25개에 대하여 비교 구문 안에 포함된 의미가 맞는지를 묻는 지각 실험을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 외국인 유학생은 ‘이것이 저것보다 좋아’와 같이 단순히 ‘보다’가 쓰인 문장에서는 13%가 ‘저것이 좋다’의 의미가 전제된다고 답한 반면, ‘이것이 저것보다 더 좋아’처럼 ‘보다 더’가 사용된 문장에서는 44.7%가 ‘저것이 좋다’가 전제된다고 답했다. ‘A가 B보다 P하다’의 결과는 한국인의 결과와 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나, ‘A가 B보다 더 P하다’의 결과는 한국인의 결과(67.9%)와 비교하면, 매우 낮은 수치였다. 한편 ‘만큼’이 사용된 동등 비교 구문에서는 전체적으로는 외국인 유학생과 한국인의 의미 지각 양상이 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 정도성이 큰 대상을 비교 기준으로 삼을 때 적절하다고 인식하는 비율에서는 한국인보다 20% 이상 낮게 나타났다. This study was conducted with the aim of clarifying how international students perceive the meaning of comparative phrases and how their reasoning patterns differ from those of Koreans. To this end, a perception experiment was conducted on 20 foreign students, asking whether the meanings contained in the comparative phrases were correct for 25 Korean comparative phrases. As a result, foreign students responded that in sentences that simply wrote 'than ({boda})', such as 'this is better than that', 13% answered that the meaning of 'that is good' is premised on, whereas 'more than ({boda deo})' like 'this is better more than that' in the sentence where is used, 44.7% answered that 'that is good' is the premise. The result of 'A is P than B' did not show much difference from that of Koreans, but the result of 'A is P more than B' was very low compared to the result of Koreans (67.9%). On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the perception of meanings between foreign students and Koreans in the phrase for equality comparison in which ‘as much as’ is used. However, when using subjects with high degree of precision as a standard for comparison, it was found to be 20% or more lower than those of Koreans in the ratio that they perceived as appropriate.

외국인 유학생의 한국어 종결 억양 지각 양상

오재혁(Oh Jeahyuk),이정란(Lee Jungran) 담화·인지언어학회 2012 담화와 인지 Vol.19 No.1

This study aims to investigate the perception of the Korean utterance final intonation of foreign graduate students. Intonation is closely related to meaning of utterance, and it especially indicates the grammatical meaning of syntactic moods at the utterance final. The grammatical functions realized through the intonation are limited to the declarative, the interrogative, the imperative, and the exclamatory of syntactic moods. In this study, 114 sound stimuli were used for three types of intonation in the perception test. The three intonation types are level intonation, rising-falling intonation and falling-rising intonation. The perception test tool is made of the sound stimuli and was conducted on 17 foreign graduate students. We compared the result of the foreign graduate students with the result of Korean speakers. In the case of the level intonation, the result of the foreign graduate students is similar to the Korean speakers. But in the case of the rising-falling intonation and falling-rising intonation, the perception of the foreign graduate students is significantly different from the Korean speakers.

한국어 억양 교육 연구의 현황과 과제

오재혁 ( Oh Jeahyuk ) 한국어문학국제학술포럼 2018 Journal of Korean Culture Vol.43 No.-

이 연구는 한국어 억양 교육 연구의 동향을 살피고 향후 과제를 전망하기 위한 목적으로 진행되었다. 이를 위해 RISS에서 그동안 외국어로서의 한국어 억양 교육과 관련된 연구 논문 129편을 찾아 연도별, 학습자 언어권별, 연구 목적별 연구 논문 수 추이를 살폈으며, 연구 목적별로는 그동안의 연구 동향과 성과에 대해서 기술하였다. 그리고 이를 토대로 앞으로는 교육 방법 효과를 검증하는 연구, 구체적인 교육 내용과 교육 과정 개발을 위한 연구가 진행되어야 한다는 것과 ‘의문문’과 ‘종결 억양’을 넘어서는 학습자 억양의 문법적 기능 습득과 사용 양상에 대한 탐색, 학습자 억양의 화용 및 감정/태도적 기능에 대한 연구가 진행되어야 한다는 것, 그리고 중국어권 학습자 외에 다른 언어권 학습자들을 위한 억양 교육 연구도 더 많이 진행되어야 한다는 점을 향후 연구 과제로 제안하였다. The purpose of this study was to look into trends of Korean intonation education and to forecast future tasks. For this purpose, 129 studies related to Korean intonation education as a foreign language were searched for in RISS, and the research trends by year, learner's mother tongue, and research purpose were investigated. By research purpose, research trends and outcomes have been described. Based on this, I proposed five contents about the future tasks of Korean intonation education. I hope that more meaningful and more intricate intonation education research will continue in the future.

자유 발화 자료에서 나타나는 한국어 억양 곡선의 기울기 특성에 대한 연구

오재혁(Oh, Jeahyuk) 한국음성학회 2014 말소리와 음성과학 Vol.6 No.1

This study aims to discuss pitch slope on Korean intonation curve in spontaneous speech data. For this study, 656 utterances were taken in the spoken corpus and used ‘close-copy stylization’. And then the physical feature of pitch movements was extracted for the study. The pitch slope was calculated on the basis of time and pitch range in each utterance. As a result, the average and distribution of pitch slope is similar between men and women in the range of the pitch movement except for essential differences. The slope of pitch movement confirms that there are no differences between men and women. Pitch slope on a scale of -10 to 10 is 90% of the entire pitch slope; pitch slope that moves by time scale without curve is 33.1%; pitch slope that moves half of the pitch bandwidth during the average time for pitch movement is 23.4%; pitch slope that moves 100% of pitch bandwidth during a half of the average time for pitch movement is 10.4%. Those results imply the possibility of standardization methods of Korean intonation by pitch slope.

20세기 초 구어 말뭉치에 나타난 국어의 문법적 특징

오재혁(Oh, Jeahyuk) 한국어학회 2016 한국어학 Vol.71 No.-

This study examined three major aspects of grammatical features of the early 20th-century Korean language, found in the literature “Korea University’s Spoken Corpuses: the First Half of the 20th Century” constructed up to now. First, the characteristic features appearing in the phonological system and phenomena of the 20th-century Korean language were examined, based on the fact that the speech sound can be verified directly. Second, the final forms and endings of utterance, which are seen in many forms in conversations between the speaker and the listener, were examined, based on the aspect that these forms and endings are elements in the spoken form. Finally, colloquial expressions that are rather different from those of the present or are seldom used in present were examined. While the early 20th-century spoken corpuses in the Korean language are similar to the present spoken corpuses, they also have differences. The vowel system of the early 20th-century spoken corpuses is different from that of that currently used, and so are the usage of some endings, words or idiomatic expressions. Thus, when you can specifically define the characteristics of the early 20th-century Korean language by systematically analyzing how it is different from the Korean language used today, study on the grammar of the 20th-century Korean language as the transition between the modern Korean language and the contemporary Korean language and as the beginning of the contemporary Korean language will become more active.

사회 교과서 텍스트의 다층적 언어 분석 -사회1과 사회2의 종적 연계성을 중심으로-

류지수 ( Ryu Jisu ),오예원 ( Oh Yewon ),오재혁 ( Oh Jeahyuk ),전문기 ( Jeon Moongee ) 한국텍스트언어학회 2021 텍스트언어학 Vol.50 No.-

The prerequisite for efficient learning through textbooks is the connectivity between textbooks. The current study aims to investigate the linguistic connectivity between middle school social studies 1 and 2 textbooks. The textbooks were analyzed on 20 surface-level and deep-level linguistic features, via Auto-Kohesion, a Korean multidimensional text analysis tool. The analyses revealed that the social studies 1 textbook consistently displayed a higher linguistic complexity than the social studies 2 for all the measures which produced significant differences between the textbooks, except for pronoun measures. The current findings indicate that the linguistic connectivity between school social studies textbooks is not properly established; this suggests the possibility that learning efficiency through textbooks can be reduced. Discussions and implications for the current findings are also presented.

아나운서의 단모음 실현 양상과 특징

하영우(Ha Young-Woo),오재혁(Oh, Jeahyuk) 한국음운론학회 2017 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.23 No.1

This study examines the pronunciation of announcers, who are articulatory experts, with the aim of pragmatically resolving the argument over the Korean monophthongal system, which has variously been proposed to consist of seven to ten vowels. If monophthongs are not observed to occur in the standard pronunciation of announcers, then what has traditionally been viewed as ‘standard pronunciation’ is nothing but a pronunciation system of the past that has disappeared. As for the pattern of articulation of /ㅚ/, /ㅟ/, it was found that no announcers articulated both of these vowels as monophthongs. Though there were two announcers who articulated /ㅚ/ as a monophthong, and two other announcers who articulated /ㅟ/ as a monophthong, there were not any announcers who articulated both vowels as monophthongs. These results reflect the difficulty of maintaining the argument for the monophthongal status of these vowels any longer. As for /ㅔ/, /ㅐ/, a process of confluence was conspicuously observed in the speech of announcers as indicated in previous studies. The difference appeared clearly only for announcers in their 50s or older who pronounced the vowels after concentrating on monophthongs in isolation. It was difficult to observe the difference clearly when announcers in their 50s spoke full words, or when announcers in their 40s or younger spoke. As for /ㅗ/, /ㅜ/, a phonetic characteristic was discovered that the tendency contrasted by the height of the tongue changed into a contrast in the backness of the tongue. Compared to the loss of auditory perceptive discrimination of /ㅔ/, /ㅐ/ due to their confluence, there was a shift in the position of articulation for /ㅗ/, /ㅜ/, but in that it maintains auditory perceptive discrimination, it can be predicted that the discriminative characteristics of /ㅗ/, /ㅜ/ may change the backness of the tongue in a phonetic manner.