한국인 성인의 상악 전치부 치조골 형태에 관한 방사선학적 연구

서효석,정진형,임성빈,홍기석,Seo, Hyo-Seok,Chung, Chin-Hyung,Lim, Sung-Bin,Hong, Ki-Seok 대한치주과학회 2006 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.36 No.2

In order to achieve a satisfactory esthetic result of periodontal surgery or implant in maxillary anterior area, periodontists must be aware of normal alveolar bone anatomy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of alveolar bone morphology to tooth shape and form. 78(mean age : 25 yrs) periodontally healthy volunteers participated in this study. Two maxillary central incisor and one lateral incisor were selected to study. With minimal local anesthesia, gutta-percha cone inserted to labial gingival sulcus of selected teeth just after bone sounding with periodontal probe. Metal ball (4mm diameter) attached to palatal fossa of central incisor. Then, periapical radiograph was taken according to long cone paralleling technique. After film scan, labial alveolar bone profile reproduced along interproximal bone and apical ends of gutta-percha cones on computer screen. By utilizing computer program, the distance from height of interproximal bone to the labial bone crest in central incisor-central incisor and central incisor-lateral incisor area was measured and converted to real distance by using vertical length of metal ball on film. After measuring crown length & width of central incisor, the 10 individuals ranked lowest GW/L ratio (crown width/length ratio) and the 10 ranked highest were selected as having a long-narrow(group N), or a short-wide(group W) form of the central incisors. Means of the distance from height of interproximal bone to the labial bone crest of group N, W were calculated and compared by means of independent t-test. The results were as follows: 1. Mean distance from the height of the interproximal bone to the labial bone crest was $3.5{\pm}0.7mm$ between two central incisor, and $2.8{\pm}0.6mm$ between central and lateral incisor. 2. Mean GW/L ratio of group N was 0.57, and group W was 0.8. Mean distance from the height of the interproximal bone to the labial bone crest of group N was higher than group W in both measured area(measurements of group N, W were $3.9{\pm0.2mm$ and $3.5{\pm}0.2mm$ between two central incisor, $3.0{\pm}0.2mm$ and $2.8{\pm}0.2mm$ between central and lateral incisor), but there were no statistically significant differences when the groups were compared. Within the limits of the present study, there was a tendency that subjects with long-narrow teeth have more scalloped alveolar bone profile than subjects with short-wide teeth in upper anterior area, but no statistically significant differences were found.

C-G 링커 어댑터 PCR을 이용한 지놈워킹

서효석,이영기,전은영,이정헌,Seo, Hyo-seok,Lee, Yung-gi,Jeon, Eun-young,Lee, Jeong-heon 한국연초학회 2015 한국연초학회지 Vol.37 No.1

Genome walking is a par ticular application for identifying sequences of unknown genomic regions adjacent to a known region. Many genome walking methods based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are available. Even if earlier techniques suffer from low reproducibility, inefficiency, and non-specificity, improved strategies have been developed. In this study, we present an alternative strategy: the genomic DNA is digested with restriction enzymes. After cytosine overhangs at 5' ends, the fragments are ligated to linker adaptor s had guanine overhang at 3' ends. Then nested PCR is performed. The improvements in this strategy focus on two points. The first is the C tailing method using Pfu polymerase instead of the A tailing method based on nontemplate-dependent terminal transferase activity of Taq polymerase. Therefore unintended modification of target DNA can be prevented without A tailing error. The second point is the use of C/G-specific ligation had advantage in the ligation efficiency compared with A/T-specific ligation. Therefore, the C-G linker PCR method increases ligation efficiency between digested genomic DNA and adaptor DNA. As a result, the quantity of target DNA to amplify by PCR is enriched. We successfully used G-C linker PCR to retrieve flanking regions bordering the phophinothricin resistance gene in genetically modified tobacco (GMO).

모바일 환경에서 사용자 행동 추론에 기반을 둔 개인화 추천 서비스

서효석(Hyo-Seok Seo),권일경,이상용(Sang-Yong Lee) 한국지능시스템학회 2011 한국지능시스템학회 학술발표 논문집 Vol.21 No.2

경혈에 적용한 은침점 자극치료가 두통환자의 중대뇌동맥 혈류속도 및 통증에 미치는 영향

서효석 ( Hyo Seok Seo ),윤영대 ( Young Dae Yun ) 대한경락경혈학회 2008 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.25 No.3

Objectives: The aim of this study is to examine the effects of SSP(silver-spike point) therapy, applied to acupuncture points, on the middle cerebral arteries blood flows of sample group(tention-type headache patients, n=12) and control group(non tension-type headache patients, n=12), and on the reduction of their headaches, when applied to acupuncture points. Methods: We stimulated 6 acupuncture points for headache with the SSP(three times a week for three weeks), and measured VAS(visual analogue scale) and the blood flow of the middle cerebral arteries with TCD(transcranial doppler ultrasonography). Results: The blood flow of the middle cerebral artery and VAS of the sample group and the control group were compared four times(initial, 1weeks, 2weeks, 3weeks) and significant differences in the measurements were found at 3 weeks(p<.05). The blood flow of the middle cerebral artery of the sample group was significantly increased, and VAS was significantly decreased in both groups. Conclusions: The silver-spike-point Low-frequency electrical-stimulation treatment, applied to acupuncture points, can significantly increase the blood flow of the middle cerebral arteries in headache patients and can thus alleviate their headaches.

가중치를 적용한 정형적 개념분석을 통한 속성, 객체, 개념의 중요도 산출 기법

서효석(Hyo-Seok Seo),윤성민(Sungmin Yoon),이희정(Heejung Lee) 대한산업공학회 2020 대한산업공학회지 Vol.46 No.6

두경부에서 발생한 융기성 피부섬유육종 치험 6례

서효석(Hyo Seok Seo),서상원(Sang Won Seo),장충현(Choong Hyun Chang),강민구(Min Gu Kang),장 학(Hak Chang) 대한두경부종양학회 2008 대한두경부 종양학회지 Vol.24 No.2

Objectives :DFSP(Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans) is an uncommon, slowly growing, locally invasive malignant tumor that usually presents as a painless, often long-standing mass arising in the dermis of skin. It occurs most frequently on the trunk and proximal parts of the limbs, less commonly in the head and neck region and has a frequent tendency to recur after surgical excision. Clinically, the initial appearance of the tumor similar to that of benign tumor such as keloid and dermatofibroma. Therefore, accurate clinical diagnosis and adequate surgical excision are important. Materials and Methods :We experienced 6 patients of DFSP in head and neck during the recent 6 years, 5 male and 1 female patients. The age of the patients ranged from 31 to 66. As reconstructive methods, the authors used cervicofacial flap, trapezius musculocutaneous flap, TRAM flap, anterolateral thigh free flap and skin graft. Results :The patients were followed up after operation from 24 to 79 months and all remained free of disease except one case, who occurred at forehead area. Conclusion :We present the experience of 6 cases of DFSP occurred in head and neck. We obtained satis-factory results with appropriate diagnosis and treatment which wide excision with surgical margins 3-5cm. We also present an operative plan of this locally aggressive and highly recurrent tumor.

미로 탐색 알고리즘 테스트를 위한 플랫폼 개발

서효석(Hyo-Seok Seo),박재민(Jae-Min Park),이상용(Sang-Yong Lee) 한국지능시스템학회 2010 한국지능시스템학회논문지 Vol.20 No.1

마이크로 마우스를 이용한 다수의 미로 경진대회가 개최되어 미로 탐색 알고리즘의 성능이 비교되고 있으며, 미로 탐색 알고리즘은 좌(우)수법, 구심법, 언덕오르기 등을 기본으로 하여 다양한 형태로 적용되어 사용되고 있다. 하지만 미로 탐색 알고리즘을 적용하여 테스트하기 위한 소프트웨어 플랫폼이 없어서 프로그램을 직접 개발하거나 하드웨어를 통해 알고리즘의 성능을 테스트해야 하는 불편함을 겪는다. 본 연구에서는 하드웨어로 구현이 어려운 다양한 형태의 미로 제작과 알고리즘의 손쉬운 적용이 가능하고, 스텝, 연산 횟수, 탐색 시간의 평가가 가능한 미로 탐색 알고리즘을 위한 플랫폼을 개발하였다. 플랫폼은 메인 레이어, 인터페이스 레이어, 사용자 레이어의 분리 구조로 되어 알고리즘을 쉽게 교체적용 할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 플랫폼의 실험을 통하여 미로 탐색 알고리즘들의 성능을 평가하고 분석하여 알고리즘의 개발 및 실험에도 적용할 수 있음을 확인하였다. Many contests by micro mouse was celebrated of which maze search algorithms performance are compared. That is used in various forms based on left(right) weight method, euclidean algorithm method, hill climbing method. However we feel uncomfortable to test algorithms performance through direct development of programs or hardwares as no software platform to test in maze search algorithms. In this research we develop of a platform for maze search algorithms that is easily to produce various forms of maze that are hard to be realized by hardware, to apply algorithms, and evaluate the seek time, operation count, steps and performance. The platform is consist of main layer, interface layer, user layer which has merit to apply and replace easily algorithms. We verified that the maze search algorithm can be applied even in the development and experiment of algorithm by evaluating and analyzing its performance through the experiment of platform.

탁족(濯足)의 배경과 그 문화현상에 담긴 조경적 의미 - 시문과 그림에 나타난 탁족지유(濯足之遊)를 중심으로 -

노재현,서효석,최종희,Rho, Jae-Hyun,Seo, Hyo-Seog,Choi, Jong-Hee 한국조경학회 2013 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.41 No.6

본 연구는 옛 문헌과 그림에 담긴 탁족(濯足)의 문화현상과 그 기저에 담긴 배경 및 의미를 고찰함으로써 탁족 문화를 계승하기 위한 조경적 대안을 제안해 보고자 한 것으로 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 자연 질서에 순응하고 세속으로 부터 초연(超然)한 삶을 비유한 '탁영탁족(濯纓濯足)'의 고사는 '은일(隱逸)'을 통해 유유자적하는 탁족지유(濯足之遊)로 승화되었다. 선비가 유연(柔軟)한 계류에 발을 담그는 것은 자연과 물아일체(物我一體) 함으로써 도(道)와 상합(相合)되고자 하는 것으로 이러한 모습은 자유로운 정신세계인 '유(遊)'의 경지이자 본질과 상통한다. 탁족의 문화현상은 고려 말 이후 조선시대 전래경관에서도 잘 드러나는데 팔경시(八景詩)에 나타난 탁족은 고답적(高踏的)인 것이라기보다는 일상에 깃든 생활경이기도 하였다. 탁족도에 묘사된 맑은 물이 흐르는 계류[淸溪]와 바위, 그리고 소나무 등 교목이 우점(優占)하는 산수는 뜻 높은 선비의 은일공간으로 기호화되고, 그 정신세계는 더욱 부상되었다. 중국의 탁족도에서는 '청계(淸溪)'와 '창랑(滄浪)'을 강조함으로써 더러움에 대비되는 청류(淸流)의 이미지와 상고성(尙古性)이 강하게 부각되고 있는 반면, 조선시대 그것은 상대적으로 은일과 탁족지유라는 내면적 즐거움이 더욱 부각되고 있다. 탁족도에 나타난 자연관은 자연의 섭리를 그림 속에 그려진 선비의 상황 및 태도로 비유하여, 산수에 대한 사랑과 그 속에서 여유를 즐기는 가운데 무위자연(無爲自然)의 도를 깨닫게 하는 도가적(道家的) 관점의 표현이 잘 드러난 것으로 이는 중국은 물론 조선의 시대정신과 미의식의 한 단초를 보여준다. 요컨대 양국의 '탁족지유'는 인격수양이나 처신, 또는 은둔과 고답(高踏)의 상징으로 해석되면서 한편으로는 현실세계에서 납량의 수단으로 수용되어 왔다. 탁족 행위에는 선비들의 이상과 상고주의(尙古主義) 정신이 깃들어 있을 뿐 아니라, 일반 서민의 더위를 이기는 지혜가 담겨 있음은 깊이 되새겨 봐야 한다. 이러한 관점에서 환경적 지원성에 입각한 수공간과 탁족바위 그리고 물의 활용은 휴양 레크레이션 공간에서 새롭게 조명되어야 할 대상이며, 탁족 행위에 깃든 정신이야말로 고전적 치유(治癒)의 정신문화였음을 일깨워 준다. This study suggests the necessity of landscaping alternatives for the succession of Takjok(濯足) culture by considering the background and meaning of Takjok's cultural phenomenon shown in old literatures and paintings and its result is as follows. An old idiom, 'Takyoung Takjok(濯纓濯足)' implying a disinterested living attitude from the mundane world and an attitude complying with nature, has been sublimated to 'Takjokjiyu(濯足之遊)' which means living in comfortable retirement through life in seclusion(隱逸). Classical scholars immerse their feet in soft-flowing(柔軟) water for 'Mulailche(物我一體; synchronized with nature)' which is a unified condition with 'Do(道; truth)' and connected to the stage of 'Yu(遊)', a free mental state, and its nature. The cultural phenomenon of Takjok appeared in the inherited landscape paintings in the Joseon dynasty period after the late stage of Koryo. Takjok shown in 'Pal Kyung Shi'(八景詩; poetry singing for the eight scenary) was described as not a transcendent scene, but as a scenery of daily life. Dense forest and water, such as a stream with clean water, rocks, and pine trees shown in Takjok paintings have been symbolized as a seclusion space for classical scholars with higher thinking and their mental states have been more emerged. Mental pleasures called as seclusion and Takjokjiyu have been relatively emphasized in the Takjok paintings of the Joseon Dynasty period contrary to the Chinese Takjok paintings emphasizing Chung Gye(淸溪; clean stream) and Chang Rang(滄浪; high and clean wave) and strongly representing the image of 'Chung Ryu'(淸流; clean flowing water) and the veneration for antiquity. The view of nature described in the Takjok paintings represents the provision of nature as a situation and attitudes of classical scholars and implies a Taoism perspective which describes the 'do' of nature. This view of nature itself remained intact(無爲自然) with the love of mountains and water, showing a side of the zeitgeist and aesthetic consciousness of China and Joseon. The 'Takjokjiyu' of both countries has be interpreted as a symbol of personality development, behavior, life in seclusion, or transcending the mundane world and has also been accepted as a method of summer vacation in the real world. It should be considered that Takjok includes ordinary people's wisdom to resist the hot weather, as well as the classical scholar's ideal and the veneration of antiquity. From this perspective, water space, Takjok rocks, and the use of water based on the environmental supportability should be newly focused as a recreational space and it reminds us that the spirit of Takjok is a classical mental healing method.

혼합현실 기반의 가상 세계 온라인 강의 시스템

권오영 ( Oh Young Kwon ),서효석 ( Hyo Seok Seo ),구스타보텔레스 ( Gustavo Teles ) 한국실천공학교육학회 2011 실천공학교육논문지 Vol.3 No.1

가상 환경에서의 학습 시스템은 기존 E-Learning 시스템에서 부족했던 몰입감을 주고 사용자의 흥미 유발을 촉진할 수 있고 위험하거나 비용이 많이 드는 교육 컨텐츠를 제공할 수 있다. 본 논문에서 학습 유형을 실시간강의, 상시 학습, 실습 교육, 그리고 스터디 그룹 활동으로 구분하였다. 혼합 현실을 제공하는 가상 세계인 Second Life를 이용하여 이들 학습 유형을 지원하는 온라인 강의 시스템을 구축하였다. 구축된 온라인 강의 시스템을 운영함으로써 가상 학습 환경을 제공하였다. Learning system on virtual environment gives the immersive feeling that lacks in existing E-Learning system, excites user`s interest, and offers dangerous and expensive education contents. In this paper, we classified the learning categories into four classes: realtime lecture, anytime study, practice education, and the activity of study group. We built the on-line lecture system using Second Life that supports 3D virtual world and mixed reality. We provided virtual learning environment as running developed virtual world on-line lecture system.

CFD코드를 이용한 HPSI Pump Room의 화재안전성 평가

조남진(Cho, Namjin),임동수(Im, Dongsu),서효석(Seo, Hyoseok),조태연(Cho, Teayeon),윤기열(Yun, Kiyoul) 한국방재학회 2017 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.17 No.4

원전은 드물게 화재가 발생되며, 화재사고 시 원자로의 정지 유발과 동시에 안전정지 기기 등을 손상시켜 방사능 유출이라는 대규모 피해를 야기 시킬 수 있어 차별화된 화재 안전 설계 조건이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 원전의 다양한 펌프실 중 중요 펌프의 케이블들이 관통해서 지나가는 고압안전주입펌프실에 대해서 CFD 전산코드를 통해 화재의 거동을 예측하고 안전성을 검증하고자 하였다. 고압안전주입펌프실의 화재 안전성평가를 위한 화재모델은 FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator)를 이용하였으며 NUREG-1934, NUREG/CR-6850 등에 기초하여 화재시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 그 결과로 화재발생 시 각 배기의 방화댐퍼닫힘 시간을 확인하였고, 케이블의 손상 시간을 평가하였으며, 이를 통해 원자력 발전소의 안전성 평가 및 확보를 위한 정보를 제공하고자 한다. Although fire accidents in nuclear power plants rarely occurs, it may cause a stoppage of a nuclear reactor and damage of safety devices and cause massive damage such as radiation leakage. Therefore, nuclear power plants require specialized fire safety design conditions. In this study, CFD code is used to predict fire behavior and verify safety for HPSI (High Pressure Safety Injection) Pump Room passing through cables of important pump among various pump rooms of nuclear power plant. Fire simulation was performed based on NUREG-1934, NUREG / CR-6850, etc. using Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) as a fire model for fire safety evaluation of HPSI Pump Room. As a result, the fire damper closing time of each exhaust was checked and the damage time of the cable was evaluated. This will provide information for safety assessment and assurance of nuclear power plants.