조피볼락 치어의 장기간 사육에 있어서 사료내 L-ascorbic acid 농도가 성장과 조직내 Vitamin C 농도에 미치는 영향

배승철,이경준,BAI Sung-Chul,LEE Kyeong-Jun 한국수산과학회 1996 한국수산과학회지 Vol.29 No.5

본 실험은 조피볼락에서의 비타민 C 함량을 달리한 6가지 반정제사료를 28주간 공급했을때의 성장 효과와 그에 따른 네가지 조직에서의 비타민 C 축적량 및 비타민 C 요구량을 조사하기 위해 실시되었다. 4주간의 예비 사육 기간에는 어체내에 축적되어 있을 비타민 C 함량을 최소화하기 위해 비타민 C를 첨가하지 않은 $C_0$ 사료를 공급하였다. 실험어는 실험 시작 평균 체중이 12.6g인 조피볼락 치어를 사용하였으며, 6개 실험구로 나누어 3반복으로 하였으며, 6가지 실험 사료의 비타민 C 첨가 농도는 다음과 같다: 0, 25, 50, 75, 150 and 1500 mg L-ascorbic acid (AA)/kg diet $(C_0,\;C_{25},\;C_{50},\;C_{75},\;C_{150},\;&\;C_{1500})$. 총 28주간의 사육 실험 결과, 증체율, 사료전환효율, 일일성장율, 단백질전환효율은 $C_0$ 실험 구가 다른 모든 실험구들에 비해 유의적으로 낮게 나타났으며 다른 실험구들 간에는 유의적인 차이가 없었다 (P<0.05). 28주간 사육 실험 후의 조직내 비타민 C 분석결과, 네가지 조직 중 총 비타민 C 함량이 가장 높은 조직은 근육이며, 단위 무게당 비타민 C 함량이 가장 높은 조직은 뇌임을 알 수 있었다. 사료내 비타민 C 분석 결과, $C_25$ 사료구의 비타민 C 농도는 64.5mg AA/kg diet로 나타났다. 따라서 성장기 조피볼락에 있어서 사료내 비타민 C 요구량은 약 65mg AA/kg diet 정도일 것으로 추정된다. A long term feeding trial was conducted to study the effects of different dietary vitamin C levels on growth and its tissue distributions in juvenile Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli. Prior to the start of feeding trial, fish were fed the basal diet supplementing no L-ascorbic acid for four weeks to minimize their body reserves of vitamin C. Then fish were divided into six groups with triplicates and given one of the laboratory semipurified diets supplementing either 0, 25, 50, 75, 150, or 1500 mg L-ascovbic acid (AA)/kg diet $(C_0,\;C_{25},\;C_{50},\;C_{75},\;C_{150},\;&\;C_{1500})$. Fish fed the $C_0$ diet had lower percent weight gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio than did fish fed the other diets (P<0.05). After 28 weeks of feeding trial, tissue AA concentrations of fish fed $C_0$ diet were lower than those of fish fed $C_{1500}$ diet (P<0.05). A large amount of total tissue Ah may be reserved in muscle, but the unit AA concentration seemed to be higher in brain than did the other tissues. The growth performances of fish fed $C_{25}$ diet were not different compared to those of fish fed $C_{50}-C_{1500}$ diets (P>0.05), and diet analysis of vitamin C showed that the $C_{25}$ diet had 65 mg AA/kg diet. Therefore, the present long-term study may suggest that the dietary vitamin C requirement is approximately 65 mg AA/kg diet in juvenile Korean rockfish.

단위가축영양 : 토종 육계에 있어서 복합 생균제 및 면역증강제의 항생제 대체효과

이상범 ( Sang Bum Lee ),김병극 ( Byung Kuk Kim ),박창호 ( Chang Ho Park ),박건현 ( Gun Hyun Park ),김영성 ( Yong Cheng Jin ),강한석 ( Han Suk Kang ),김영철 ( Young Chul Kim ),김윤칠 ( Youn Chil Kim ),배승철 ( Sung Chul Bai ),김선 한국동물자원과학회(구 한국축산학회) 2011 한국축산학회지 Vol.53 No.5

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary probiotics and immunomodulator on growth performance, carcass characteristics, fecal NH3 content and pathogenic bacteria counts in ileum and cecum and ileum of broiler chicken(Korean native chicken, HanHyup No.3). A total of 120(day-old) chicks were randomly divided into 5 treatments with 3 replicates and there were 8 birds per replicate. Dietary treatments consisted of five diets; the corn-soybean based control diet(C), the diet containing antibiotics (Avilamycin) 10 ppm(T1), the diet containing probiotics 1[(Lactobacillus(4.45×10(6))+yeast(1.51×10(6))+Bacillus subtilis (3.50×10(5))] at 0.5% level(T2), probiotics 2 [(Lactobacillus (6.70×10(7))+yeast(3.10×10(6))] at 0.5% level in diet(T3), and the diet containing probiotics 3[T2+β-glucan+organic acid](T4) and raised for 9 weeks. There were no significant differences among treatments in weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion. Carcass ratios of broilers were higher in T3 and T4 than other treatments, however, the differences were non-significant. Internal organs and liver, heart weight were significantly increased in T4 (p<0.05) compared to other treatments. The fecal NH3 gas content was decreased(p<0.05) in antibiotics fed group than others. However, probiotic fed groups were not different when compared with control. The number of Salmonella and E. coli in cecum were reduced in the group supplemented with probiotics and immunomodulator compared to the antibiotics(p<0.05). In this experiment, we showed that diets containing pro-biotics and immunomodulator were capable of an alternative to antibiotics.

양어사료의 어분대체품 개발의 경제성 분석

김기수(Ki Soo Kim),배승철(Sung Chul Bai),최재영(Jae Young Choi),김우경(Woo Kyung Kim) 한국수산경영학회 1998 수산경영론집 Vol.29 No.1

This study was conducted to examine the economic evaluation of the newly developed fish meal analog (BAIFA - M) in Korean rockfish feed. A raw fish feed (MP) and two commercially formulated diets (EP) were employed to compare weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and survival rate (SR) from the sea cage culture system. By using the economic model in the practical sea cage culture system, feed cost, production cost and gross profit per kg production, rate of profit to gross revenue (RPGR), and internal rate of return (IRR) were calculated based upon the results of the experiment and the information of the private aquaculture farm (Young Chang) in Tong young, Korean. IRR criteria is one of the popular economic feasibility analysis methods applicable for aquaculture industry. This is an economic evaluation method to compare the given interest rate or the discount rate with IRR which can be calculated by the difference between the present value of the benefit stream and of the cost stream. The benefits of using EP on WG, FCR, SR, and production cost will be emphasized in this study. Fish averaging 20±3.6g (Mean±SD) were randomly distributed in each small cage (6m x 6m) as groups of 2,000 fish. By using 3 large size cages (12m x 12m), 12 small cages were constructed, and only 9 small cages were employed for three replicates of each diet treatment. To compare with MP diet, two sinking EP diets were designed by our laboratory and produced by the local feed company who wanted to promote these EP diets for the mass cage culture of Korean rockfish in the future. Two EP diets contain white fish meal and/or BAIFA-M as the main animal protein sources : WFM diet, maximum 43% of white fish meal ; BAIFA - M diet, 30% of white fish meal was replaced by BAIFA - M from WFM diet. Results are summarized in Table 1. Fish fed MP diet showed significantly lower SR than does fish fed two EP diets (P< 0.05). However, there were no significant differences on FCR among fish fed three practical diets. Table 1. Average feed conversion ratio (FCR), accumulative average survival rate (SR) and economic evaluation data for three practical diets. (표) As we expected, BAIFA-M diet is more economical than WFM diet as well as MP diet. Feed cost and production cost per kg production from BAIFA - M diet were lower than those from WFM and MP diets. Moreover, gross profit per Kg production, RPGR and IRR from BAIFA-M diet were higher than those from WFM and MP diets. This economic evaluation study clearly indicated that MP diet should be replaced by the commericial formulated EP diets as soon as possible in the near future because MP diet is not economical in the practical sea cage culture system.

해조류 NDF에 결합된 주요 무기질(Ca, P, Mg)의 함량 분석 및 추정 이용률

곽연화(Yeon Hwa Kwak),배승철(Sung Chul Bai),김대진(Dae Jin Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 2010 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.39 No.7

해조류는 다당류인 수용성 식이섬유와 무기질의 공급원으로 그 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 그러나 인간이나 단위 동물에 있어서는 해조류의 세포벽물질을 분해할 수 있는 효소를 갖고 있지 않은 것으로 알려져 있어 이에 결합된 무기질은 인체 내 소화가 대부분 되지 않는다. 따라서 본 연구는 해조류의 무기질 함량을 측정하고, 해조류 다당류인 세포벽 물질(NDF, netural detergent fiber)에 결합된 다량 무기질인 Ca, P, Mg을 측정하여, 원래 해조류에 함유되어 있던 무기질 함량에서 NDF에 결합된 무기질의 함량을 감한 후 계산하여 실질적인 해조류의 무기질 추정 이용률을 산정하였다. Ca과 Mg의 경우, NDF에 결합된 무기질의 평균 함량은 각각 77.59, 45.62 ㎎/100 g NDF로 모두 96% 이상의 높은 추정 이용률을 보였고, P의 경우에는 NDF에 결합된 무기질의 함량이 많아 그 추정 이용률은 73.24%로 비교적 낮았다. P의 경우, NDF에 결합된 함량이 비교적 높았지만 70% 이상이 실질적으로 소화되어 이용가능하며, Ca과 Mg은 모두 96%이상의 높은 추정 이용률을 보여 대부분의 무기질이 실질적으로 소화되어 이용되는 것으로 보인다. 따라서 해조 다당류인 수용성 식이섬유와 무기질의 급원으로 알려진 해조류는 인체 내의 소화율을 고려한다고 하더라도 무기질의 높은 이용률을 보일 것으로 판단되어 무기질의 급원으로 그 이용이 기대된다. 더욱이 해조류는 한국인에게 부족한 영양소로 주목 받는 Ca을 가장 많이 함유하고 있으며 동시에 그 추정이용률이 90% 이상으로 높아 Ca의 공급원으로써 해조류의 이용을 기대하며, 추후 추정 이용률을 토대로 소화율을 고려한 무기질의 생체이용률에 관한 연구가 활발히 진행되어야 한다고 사료된다. This study was aimed to evaluate the estimated availabilities and contents of major minerals (Ca, P, and Mg) in seven different seaweeds using the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) which could bind minerals. The estimated availability was calculated by subtracting the NDF-bound major mineral contents from the total major mineral contents of seaweeds. Average estimated availability of Ca, P, and Mg contents of seven seaweeds were 96.31, 73.24, and 96.79%, respectively. These results may suggest that seaweeds could be one of the good sources of major minerals for human nutrition because of their high average estimated availabilities of Ca, P, and Mg.

알로에가 in vitro 에서 넙치 백혈구의 호흡폭발에 미치는 영향

황윤정(Yoon Jung Hwang),배승철(Sung Chul Bai),김기홍(Ki Hong Kim) 한국어병학회 1999 한국어병학회지 Vol.12 No.1

The immunostimulating effect of aloe on respiratory burst activity was investigated by measurements of the chemiluminescent responses (CL) of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) kidney phagocytes in vitro. The phagocytes incubated with 0.5 and 1㎍/㎖ of aloe for 24 hours showed significantly increased respiratory burst activities compared to control. The result of this study suggests that aloe can be used as an immunostimulant for olive flounder culture.

치어기 넙치 사료내 ${\beta}-1,3$ 글루칸의 첨가가 성장 및 비특이적 면역반응에 미치는 영향

김영철,김강웅,이승형,박건준,강용진,배승철,Kim, Young-Chul,Kim, Kang-Woong,Lee, Seung-Hyung,Park, Gun-Jun,Okorie, Okorie Eme,Kang, Yong-Jin,Bai, Sung-Chul C. 한국양식학회 2006 韓國養殖學會誌 Vol.19 No.4

본 실험은 치어기 넙치에 잇어서 ${\beta}-1,3$ 글루칸을 사료내 첨가시 성장, 비특이적 면역반응 및 질병저항성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 사료내 ${\beta}-1,3$ 글루칸을 수준별 첨가하여 실시였다. 실험어는 평균무게 3.2 g인 넙치 치어를 사용하였으며, 기초사료에 ${\beta}-1,3$ 글루칸을 대조구, ${\beta}-1,3$ 글루칸 0.01, 0.025%, 0.05% 및 0.1%를 각각 첨가하여 총 5개 실험구로 3반복배치하여 6주간 실시하였다. 총 6주간의 성장 실험결과, 면역증강물질인 ${\beta}-1,3$ 글루칸의 첨가에 따르는 사료효율과 단백질전환효율에 있어서 ${\beta}-1,3$ 글루칸 0.1%를 공급한 사료구가 대조구와 다른처리구에 비하여 유의하게 높은 값을 나타냈다(P<0.05). 증체율과 일간성장율에 있어서는 ${\beta}-1,3$ 글루칸 0.1%를 공급한 사료구가 대조구, ${\beta}-1,3$ 글루칸 0.01%, 0.025%를 첨가한 구보다 유의하게 높은 값을 나타내었지만 ${\beta}-1,3$ 글루칸 0.05%구와는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 비만도에 있어서는 ${\beta}-1,3$ 글루칸 0.05%와 0.1%를 첨가한 구가 대조구와 첨가구보다는 유의적으로 높았다. 헤마토크리트치는 ${\beta}-1,3$ 글루칸 0.05%와 0.1%첨가한 실험구가 대조구와 ${\beta}-1,3$ 글루칸을 0.01%와 0.025%를 첨가한 실험구에 비하여 유의하게 높은 값을 나타내었다(P<0.05). 혈청내 GOT에 있어서 ${\beta}-1,3$ 글루칸 0.05%와 0.1%를 첨가한 실험구가 대조구, ${\beta}-1,3$ 글루칸 0.01%와 0.025%를 첨가한 실험구보다 유의하게 낮은 값을 나타내었다(P<0.05). 비특이적 면역반응 결과에 있어서는 ${\beta}-1,3$ 글루칸을 0.05%와 0.1%를 첨가한 실험구가 혈청의 lysozyme 활성 및 두신 phagocyte의 chemiluminescent(CL) 반응에서 대조구, ${\beta}-1,3$ 글루칸 0.01%와 0.025%를 첨가한 실험구보다 유의하게 높은 값을 나타내었으나, 보체대체활성의 경로에 있어서는 전실험구간의 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 공격 실험 결과에서는 ${\beta}-1,3$ 글루칸을 첨가한 실험구가 대조구에 비하여 초기폐사율이 낮음을 확인할수 있었으며, 상기 결과를 토대로, 넙치 치어의 경우 ${\beta}-1,3$ 글루칸을 0.05% 이상 0.1% 미만을 사료에 첨가하는 것이 성장, 사료효율 증진, 항산화능 및 질병저항성에 가장 좋은 효과를 나타낼 수 있을 것을 사료된다. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of ${\beta}-1,3$ glucan on growth and immune responses in juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus fed the white fish meal based diets for 6 weeks. Five experimental diets supplemented with ${\beta}-1,3$ glucan at 0, 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 % (Control, $G_{0.01},\;G_{0.025},\;G_{0.05}\;and\;G_{0.1}$, respectively) of diet on a dry-matter basis. Five experimental diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric to contain 50.0% crude protein and 16.7 kJ available energy $g^{-1}$. Fish averaging $3.2{\pm}0.1\;g\;(mean{\pm}SD)$ were randomly distributed in each aquarium as triplicate groups of 15 fish. Weight gain (WG, %), specific growth rate (SGR, %), and feed efficiency (FE, %) of fish fed $G_{0.1}$ diet were found significantly higher than those of fish fed Control, $G_{0.01},\;G_{0.025}\;and\;G_{0.05}$ diets (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference among the fish fed control, $G_{0.01},\;G_{0.025}$. Chemiluminescent responses (CL) of fish fed $G_{0.1}$ diet were significantly higher than those of fish fed the other diets. Serum lysozyme activities of fish fed $G_{0.05}$ and $G_{0.1}$ diets were higher than those of fish fed control, $G_{0.025}$ and $G_{0.05}$ diets. Fish fed $G_{0.1}$ diet showed a significantly lower cumulative mortality than did fish fed control diet throughout the challenge test (P<0.05). These results suggested that based on growth rate, feed efficiency, non-specific immunity and protection against microbial infections the optimum dietary ${\beta}-1,3$ gulcan could be greater than 0.05% but less than 1.0% in juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys oilvaceus.

넙치 치어의 성장을 위한 사료 내 적정 eicosapentaenoic acid 와 docosahexaenoic acid 함량

장지원(Ji-Won JANG),김영철(Young-Chul KIM),김경덕(Kyoung-Duck KIM),김강웅(Kang-Woong KIM),임상구(Sang-Gu LIM),배승철(Sungchul C. BAI) 한국수산해양교육학회 2019 水産海洋敎育硏究 Vol.31 No.1

This study was conducted to evaluate the optimum dietary eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels for growth of juvenile flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. A basal diet without EPA and DHA supplementation was used as the control, and nine diets were prepared by six different dietary levels of EPA<SUB>0.5</SUB>, EPA<SUB>0.75</SUB>, EPA₁, EPA<SUB>1.25</SUB>, EPA<SUB>1.5</SUB>, EPA₂ and three different dietary levels of EPA<SUB>0.5+</SUB>DHA<SUB>0.5</SUB>, EPA<SUB>0.75+</SUB>DHA<SUB>0.75</SUB>, EPA<SUB>1.0+</SUB>DHA<SUB>1.0</SUB>. Triplicate groups of fish averaging 3.5±0.10 g(mean ±SD) were fed one of ten experimental diets for 8 weeks. Survival and hepatosomatic index of fish were not affected by dietary EPA and EPA+DHA levels. The highest growth rate and feed efficiency were observed in fish fed diets containing EPA<SUB>0.75+</SUB>DHA<SUB>0.75</SUB>. Weight gain and feed efficiency increased significantly with dietary EPA level up to 1.25%; however, those of fish fed EPA1.5 or EPA2.0 high level were decreased. WG and FE increased significantly with dietary EPA+DHA level up to 1.5%; however, high level of those of fish fed EPA<SUB>1.0+</SUB>DHA<SUB>1.0</SUB> were decreased. The result of broken line analysis showed that the maximum weight gain of 3.5-11.6g flounder could be attained at 1.10% EPA level in diet. Therefore, these results may suggest that the optimum dietary EPA level could be greater than 1.1% but less than or equal to 1.25% without DHA, and it could be 0.75%, with DHA at 0.75% in juvenile olive flounder.

한국과학재단의 농수산분야 기초연구지원 추이분석을 통한 연구활동지원 활성화 제언

민태선 ( Tae Sun Min ),최형균 ( Hyung Kyoon Choi ),김성용 ( Seong Yong Kim ),배승철 ( Sung Chul C. Bai ),김유용 ( Yoo Yong Kim ),양문식 ( Moon Sik Yang ),정봉현 ( Bong Hyun Chung ),황준영 ( Joon Young Hwang ),한인규 ( In Kyu Ha 한국응용생명화학회(구 한국농화학회) 2005 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.48 No.1

콩나물 재배기간과 부위에 따른 NDF에 결합된 다량 무기질의 추정이용율

이지영(Ji-Young Lee),엄지혜(Ji-Hye Eom),은정화(Jeong-Hwa Eun),배승철(Sung-Chul Bai),김대진(Dae-Jin Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 2009 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.38 No.4

본 연구는 콩나물을 재배기간과 부위별에 따라 나누고 cell wall에 결합된 다량 무기질의 함량을 측정하여 추정이용률을 추론하고자 실시하였다. 재배기간 1, 3, 5일차의 콩나물을 채취하여 자엽과 배축으로 분리한 뒤 화학적 방법으로 식이섬유를 분석하고, 중성세제섬유(neutral detergent fiber, NDF)에 결합된 다량 무기질(Ca, P, K, Mg)을 건식분해법으로 분석하여 평가하였다. 자엽과 배축에서의 추정이용률은 Ca이 자엽에서 1일째 97.73%, 3일째 98.44%, 5일째 98.34%로 매우 높았고 P은 1일째 90.98%, 3일째 93.14%, 5일째 94.67%로 Ca보다는 다소 낮은 이용률이었지만 모두 90% 이상의 높은 이용률이었다. K과 Mg의 추정이용률 역시 각각 97.73~98.70%, 98.61~99.11%로 매우 높았다. 또한 배축에서는 Ca이 1일째에는 89.50%였으나 5일째에서는 77.79%로 약간 감소하였으나 그 외 P, K, Mg은 3일째에서 5일째로 시간이 경과함에 따라 추정이용률이 증가하였다. This study was performed to evaluate contents and estimated availabilities of major minerals (Ca, P, K, Mg) in soybean sprouts. Two different sampling parts (cotyledon and hypocotyl), and three culture periods (1, 3, and 5 days) were evaluated. Results indicated that Mg (99.11%) from cotyledon for 5 days culture period was significantly higher than Ca (98.34%), P (97.67%), and K (98.70%). Percent average Mg estimated availability of 5 days cultured hypocotyl was also significantly higher than that of Ca (77.79%), P (91.91%), and K (96.80%). Therefore, the current results indicate that decreased Ca estimated availability in hypocotyl was time dependent and the cotyledon may be the better source for the estimated availability of major minerals than the hypocotyl of soybean sprouts because more than 90% of the major minerals was estimated availability.

이스라엘 잉어 (Cyprinus carpio)에 대한 어분 대체품의 성장 효과

조재윤(Jae-Yoon Jo),허창경(Chang-Kyung Hue),박정환(Jeong-Hwan Park),윤길하(Gil Ha Yoon),김유희(Youhee Kim),오승용(Sung-Yong Oh),배승철(Sung-Chul Bai) 한국수산과학회 양식분과 1998 韓國養殖學會誌 Vol.11 No.4