모스 대 밀른— 일본 최초의 고고학 조사와 일본 인종 논쟁의 서막 —

박해운 수선사학회 2023 史林 Vol.- No.84

After the Meiji Restoration, social elites in Japan pursued the wester-style modernization to change its social system. In order to introduce the western-style science, the Japanese government invited specialists who took change of the scientific education from the Western Europe and the US. During the Meiji Era, some Westerners including scholars who resided in Japan approached to racial issues on the Japanese, which even contemporary Japanese intellectuals did not pay much attention. Edward Morse, a zoologist, and John Milne, a geologist, were one of them. These two foreign government advisors were supporters of the Darwinism, which was the subject facing furious debates in the West. The evolutionary theory which these two people advocated was the social Darwinism that highlights superiority and inferiority among races. On the basis of the racial prejudice, Morse and Milne who were interested in the prehistoric people inhabited before the migration of the Japanese conducted the first scientific archaeological and ethnographical surveys in the Meiji Japan, and demonstrated theories concerning the racial change of the Japanese archipelago. Although the dispute called the Pre-Ainu or the Koropokkuru ended in 1882, their racial perspectives on the ethnic groups influenced on young Japanese intellectuals represented by Tsuboi Shogoro who established the Anthropological Society of Tokyo in 1886. The members of the Anthropological Society of Tokyo had conducted the anthropological and archeological investigations to prove the reality of the Ainu, the Pre-Ainu and the Koropokkuru suggested by Morse and Milne. .

집중적 전기 자극치료가 만성 뇌졸중 환자의 보행에 미치는 효과

박해운,이지인,이양수,Park, Hea-Woon,Lee, Zee-Ihn,Lee, Yang-Soo 대한임상신경생리학회 2005 Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology Vol.7 No.1

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the intensive functional electrical stimulation(FES) on the improvement of the gait pattern of the chronic hemiplegic patients. Method: Six hemiplegic patients, who could walk independently but have equinovarus deformity during the gait cycle, participated in this study. The affected peroneus longus and tibialis anterior muscles of all subjects were stimulated for 2 weeks period (20 minutes duration, 6 times/day). We measured the activities (mean voltage) of those muscles during the walking, using dynamic EMG. Results: After treatment, there were significant improvements in the strength of peroneus longus and tibialis anterior muscles and the gait speed, but there was no interval change of the spasticity of plantar flexor. The mean voltages of two muscles are significantly increased in all the patients (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that the intensive FES on affected peroneus longus and tibialis anterior muscles in chronic hemiplegic patients could be useful for the improvement of functional gait.

Effect of Stem Cell Transplantation on Pain Behavior and Locomotor Function in Spinal Cord Contusion Model

박해운,김수정,조윤우,황세진,이원엽,안상호,장성호 대한물리치료학회 2010 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.22 No.3

Purpose: Many trials for new therapeutic approaches such as stem cell-based transplantation have been conducted to improve the repair and regeneration of injured cord tissue and to restore functions following spinal cord injury (SCI) in animals and humans. Adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ATSCs) have multi-lineage potential to differentiate into cells with neuron-like morphology. Most studies of stem cell transplantation therapy after SCI are focused on cellular regeneration and restoration of motor function, but not on unwanted effects after transplantation such as neuropathic pain. This study was focused on whether transplantation of ATSCs could facilitate or attenuate hindpaw pain responses to heat, cold and mechanical stimulation, as well as on improvement of locomotor function in a rat with SCI. Methods: A spinal cord injury rat model was produced using an NYU impactor by dropping a 10 g rod from a height of 25 mm on to the T9 segment. Human ATSCs (hATSCs; approximately 5x105 cells) or DMEM were injected into the perilesional area 9 days after the SCI. After transplantation, hindpaw withdrawal responses to heat, cold and mechanical allodynia were measured over 7 weeks. Motor recovery on the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale and on the inclined plane test were also evaluated. Results: The present study demonstrated that increased hindpaw withdrawal responses to cold allodynia was observed in both groups after transplantation, but the development of cold-induced allodynia in the hATSC transplantation group was significantly larger than in the control group. The difference between the two groups in locomotor functional improvement after SCI was also significant. Conclusion: Careful consideration not only of optimal functional benefits but also of unintended side effects such as neuropathic pain is necessary before stem cell transplantation therapy after SCI.

척수손상 모델 흰쥐에서의 기능적 자기자극 치료의 효과

박해운,김수정,서정민,조윤우,장민철,김동규,안상호 대한재활의학회 2008 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.32 No.6

Objective: To investigate the effects of functional magnetic stimulation (FMS) on the functional recovery in a rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI).Method: Forty-five Sprague-Dawley rats (200∼250 grams, female) were used. Rats were laminectomized and the T9 segment of spinal cord was contused using New York University (NYU) spinal impactor. Ten gram weight rod was dropped from a height of 25 mm to produce moderately contused spinal cord injury model. The animals were randomly assigned to 2 groups: one exposed to FMS (FMS group) and the other not exposed to FMS (non-FMS group). Transcranial functional magnetic stimulation was noninvasively applied for 4 weeks. To compare the results between FMS group and non-FMS group, motor functions were evaluated with the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) locomtor rating scale and inclined plane test, and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) and motor evoked potentials (MEP) were also recorded. Results: There was a significant difference in locomotor recovery between FMS group and non-FMS group (p<0.05). Measurement of MEP was also indicated that amplitude of MEP in FMS group is larger than that in non-FMS group. Conclusion: These results indicate that FMS may have beneficial effects on motor recovery after spinal cord injury and the benefits of FMS could be an additional non-invasive therapeutic method for clinical trials in patients with spinal cord injury.

부골화 및 크게 탈출된 요추간판 탈출증의 보존적 치료에 대한 경과 비교

박해운,안상호,변우목,조윤우,박승민 대한재활의학회 2001 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.25 No.3

Development of Neuropathic Pain Behavior and Expression of CCL2/CCR2 and CX3CL1/CX3CR1 after Spinal Cord Hemisection

박해운,손조영,조윤우,황세진,김수정,안상호,장성호,정용재 대한물리치료학회 2010 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.22 No.3

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the development of pain behavior and the expression of CCL2/CCR2 and CX3CL1/CX3CR1 at above and below the level of hemisection of the spinal cord in a rat model. Methods: Spinal cords of adult female Sprague-Dawley rats (n= 16, 200~250 g, 6~8 weeks old) were hemisected at T13 on the right side to develop the spinal hemisection injury model. We compared behavioral responses of the hemisection and of a sham surgery group. Behavioral tests for motor function (by the BBB locomotor scale), and for pain response for mechanical and cold allodynia were assessed postoperatively (PO) for 21 days. Expression of mRNA for chemokines and their receptors (CCL2/CCR2 and CX3CL1/CX3CR1) below and above the level of the spinal cord dissection were examined by RT-PCR. Results: We observed gradual motor improvement and the development of mechanical and cold allodynia on the ipsilateral hindpaw after spinal hemisection injury. We also found upregulation of mRNA expression of CCL2/CCR2 both above and below the level of spinal cord dissection but CX3CL1/CX3CR1 mRNA expression. Conclusion: Upregulation of CCL2/CCR2 is associated with neuropathic pain after spinal hemisection injury. CCL2/CCR2 may play an important role in the development of neuropathic pain after SCI as well as of peripheral neuropathic pain. These findings may improve understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism of neuropathic pain after SCI.

DEA를 이용한 국내 가구기업의 경영 효율성 분석

박해운,감종훈 한국경영컨설팅학회 2018 경영컨설팅연구 Vol.18 No.2

글로벌 가구업체가 2014년 광명점을 시작으로 국내에 정식 진출하면서 가구기업들을 비롯한 지역상권 더 나아가 국내 전역으로 파급효과가 확대되고 있다. 이에 국내 가구 산업을 비롯한 타 산업 시장에서의 대응방안 마련이 요구되는 실정이다. 하지만 선행연구들은 주로 가구산업의 글로벌 진출 전략 및 해외 가구기업의 사례를 바탕으로 한 벤치마킹 관련 정성적 연구가 주를 이루는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 국내 가구산업의 현황 및 운영 실태에 따른 경영효율성을 파악하기 위해 각 기업의 재무데이터를 바탕으로 자료포괄분석(Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA)을 수행하였다. 분석결과, 22개 기업 중 9개의 기업만이 효율적인 반면 13개의 기업은 비효율적인 것으로 나타났다. 분석결과를 바탕으로 비효율적인 기업들에 대한 개선치를 제시하고, 그 개선치의 변화량을 분석함으로써 현재 국내 가구산업의 경영효율성을 파악하였다. 한편, 22개의 기업을 대규모 가구기업과 중소규모 가구기업으로 구분한 후 효율성 Score의 차이를 Mann-Whitney 검증을 이용해 추가 분석하였다. 분석결과 대기업이 효율적으로 운영하고 있음을 파악하였고, 선행연구에서 제시한 발전방향의 방안과 결부시켜 국내 가구산업이 나아가야 할 방안을 제안하였다. 본 연구는 정책 분야에 한정되어 있던 정성적 연구에 객관적이고 과학적인 접근 방법을 적용함으로써 효율성을 분석을 통한 대응방안의 제안하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. As global furniture makers enter the domestic market, the effects are spreading across the domestic market, including furniture companies, and further into the domestic market. Accordingly, it is required to prepare countermeasures in other industrial markets including domestic furniture industry in the future. However, previous researches mainly focus on qualitative research based on cases study. In this study, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was conducted based on the financial data of each company in order to understand the management efficiency according to the current status and operational status of domestic furniture industry. As a result of analysis, only 9 out of 22 firms were efficient, while 13 firms were inefficient. Based on the results of the analysis, we show the improvement of the inefficient companies and analyze the change of the improvement value to understand the management efficiency of the domestic furniture industry. On the other hand, 22 firms were classified into large-scale furniture enterprises and small-to-medium sized furniture enterprises. The difference in efficiency scores was analyzed using Mann-Whitney's test to find out that large companies operated efficiently. And suggest ways for the domestic furniture industry to move forward. This study is meaningful in that it proposes a countermeasure through analysis of efficiency by applying objective and scientific approach to qualitative research limited to policy field.

청동기사회에서 철기사회로의 진행과정 — 집단지향적인 사회구조에서 개인지향적인 사회구조로의 변화과정과 이데올로기의 전환 —

박해운 수선사학회 2019 史林 Vol.0 No.69

In the southern Korean peninsula, the material culture of the Early Iron Age, which appeared in c. 4th century BCE shows the quite different aspects from the prior the Bronze Age culture. In order to explain such cultural discontinuity between two periods, some archaeologists who applied the concept presented by Renfrew in 1973, suggested that the latter was the individualizing chiefdom and that the former was the group-oriented chiefdom. However, recent studies have indicated that the culture of the Early Iron Age co-exited quite long time with the culture of the Songguk-ri stage. On the basis of the excavated data, this article aims to reveal that the ideology legtimating the exclusive political power of the social elite might not be disseminated without the resistance of the social components in the southern Korean peninsula. The material culture of this period shows the regional differences. The pit toms contained with plentiful bronze prestige goods have not been discovered in Gyeongsang-do province to date; rather, the extra-large scale burial platform of the dolmen, which is one of the traditional burial types in the Bronze Age, were built. Judging from the fact that potsherds with round clay band rim were recovered from some settlement sites and that the dolmens with the extra-large scale platform were not associated with bronze prestige goods, the construction of the such megalithic monuments would be one of the method to defend the existing ideology, which underpinned the equal social structure, selected by the community members, rather than be the indicator of the advent of the leader who possessed the exclusive political power. On the other hand, the burial goods recovered from the pit tombs in Jeolla-do and Chungcheong-do provinces suggest that their builders attempted to privatize the means of production and the existing ideology. However, the cultural discontinuity between the Early Iron Age and the Proto-Three Kingdoms Period in these regions implies the possibility to happen the ideological conflicts between the group who aimed to change the society towards more hierarchical structure and who wanted to maintain the equal social relationship.

일반논문 : 신진화론과 과정고고학 그 후: 정치경제학적 고고학의 성립과 발전

박해운 ( Hae Woon Park ) 성균관대학교 인문학연구원(성균관대학교 인문과학연구소) 2015 人文科學 Vol.0 No.58

1970년대 중반 이후 북미와 서유럽 고고학계의 패러다임은 급격히 변 했다. 인간 행위의 공통성과 합리성을 거부한 후기과정고고학고 고학자 들은 1960년대 이 후 서구 고고학의 주류 이론이었던 신진화론을 바탕으 로 한 과정고고학의 기본 전제에 대한 비판을 제기하였다. 이 상황에서 일군의 고고학자들은 문화가 단선적으로 진화한다는 일반진화론에서 탈 피하여 사회집단이 다선적으로 진화한다고 주장하였다. 마르크스의 계급투쟁이론과 베버의 갈등론적 시각을 결합시킨 신마르 크스주의를 바탕으로 이들은 진화고고학에 중요한 이론적 토대를 제공하 였다. 이들은 사회의 구조가 경제적 하부구조에 의해 결정된다는 전통마 르크스주의에서 탈피하여, 계급관계뿐만이 아니라 신분, 성, 민족, 연령 집단 등 사회에 존재하는 다양한 집단 간의 권력관계에 의해 발생하는 역사적인 사건들이 사회의 진화의 방향에 영향을 끼치는 중요한 원인으 로 판단하였다. 정치경제학적 시각을 가진 고고학자들이 시도한 라틴아메리카에서의 복합사회의 출현과 발전에 대한 연구는 이들의 시각을 잘 보여주고 있 다. 첫째, 집단 간의 갈등은 사회진화를 유발하는 중요한 원인 중의 하 나이다. 둘째, 사회집단은 자신의 이익을 위해 행동한다. 셋째, 권력은 일방적으로 강요할 수 있는 것이 아니다. 따라서 지배집단은 자신의 이 익을 합리화하는 이데올로기적 기제를 마련해야만 한다. 넷째, 각 사회 는 하나의 운영원리로만 유지될 수 있는 것은 아니다. 결국 이들은 인간을 환경과 체계에 순응하는 수동적 존재에서 역동적 으로 사회를 변환시키는 능동적인 존재로 인식하였다. 바로 인간의 정치 적인 행위에 의해 각 사회가 다른 방향으로 진화한다는 것이 신마르크스 주의 고고학의 핵심이다. North American and Western European archaeology underwent rapid paradigm shift from the mid-1970s. Post-processual archaeologists who refuted the uniformity and scientific rationality of human behaviours bitterly criticized the theoretical bases of processual archaeology based on neo-evolutionism in anthropology, which was the main theoretical framework of Western archaeology from the 1960s. Under this circumstance, a group archaeologists have insisted the multi-linear evolutionary processes of human societies by rejecting the general evolutionary perspective that human culture has unilinearly evolved. Neo-Marxism, which combines the class struggle theory of Marx with the Weberian conflict approach, provided the theoretical base of evolutionary archaeology based on the political economy perspective. In order to overcome the weakness point of traditional Marxism that social structure is only determined by economic substructure, they thought that the historical event occurred by political relations among various groups, which include status, sex, ethnic and age groups as well as classes is the most important factor to decide the direction of human evolution. Studies on the appearance and development of complex societies in Mesoamerica conducted by them well show the political economy perspective in archaeology. Firstly, political conflict between groups is one of the important causes to trigger social evolution. Secondly, social groups act for their interests. Thirdly, the execution of power is not an one-way street. Therefore, the dominant group has to make the ideological apparatus for legitimating their interests. Fourthly, the society is not maintained by only one managing principle. To summarise, archaeologists based on the political economy approach have recognised that the human itself is not a passive being who adapt environment and social system, but a active being who can change social structure dynamically. The key concept of the neo-Marxist archaeology is that human societies have evolved different directions by the political behaviours of the human being.

뿌리산업 집적지 활성화 방안에 관한 연구

박해운 ( Hae-un Park ) 산업클러스터학회 2022 산업클러스터 Vol.5 No.2

국내 뿌리산업은 주력산업 경쟁력을 좌우하며, 신산업 창출의 뒷받침이 되는 역할을 하고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 디지털·친환경 모빌리티로의 전환에 따른 뿌리기술 적용부품의 감소와 기술 혁신을 통한 선진국 견제 및 범용 기계·장비분야의 중국 추격 등 국가 간 뿌리산업 기술경쟁이 격화되고 있다. 또한 자동차·조선 등 수출 제조업의 경영 악화에 따른 수익성 악화, 만성적 구인난 등으로 인해 뿌리기업의 성장 정체가 장기화 되어가고 있다. 지금까지 ‘뿌리산업 특화단지’를 지정하고 지원하여 뿌리기업의 경쟁력 및 생존성 강화를 위한 집적화 촉진과 업종 특화를 통한 지역 주력산업과의 연계 및 수요 창출, 단일 기업이 대응하기 어려운 공동인프라·혁신활동 지원으로 지원 효과 극대화 및 효율성 제고를 위해 많은 노력이 투입 되었다. 하지만 그 효과는 동일 업종 집적화를 통한 에너지, 물류 비용 절감 등의 성과에 치중되어 있어, 향후 ‘뿌리산업 특화단지’의 확대를 위해서는 정책 및 지원사업의 변화가 요구되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 뿌리산업의 입지 및 산업생태계 분석을 통해 뿌리산업 집적지 활성화 방안을 모색해보았다. 그 결과 뿌리산업 집적화 활성화를 위해 정책적으로는 동일업종의 집적을 중시하는 특화단지 개념의 확장, 뿌리산업 특화단지의 클러스터화를 위한 협의체 구성, 뿌리기업간 네트워크형 협력 강화 등이 필요하고, 특화단지 특성에 맞춘 지원사업 모델 개발, 지원 대상 및 방식의 다각화 등이 필요한 것으로 도출되었다. Domestic Ppuri-industries influence the competitiveness of major industries and supporting the creation of new industries. Nevertheless, technology competition in Ppuri-industries between nations is intensifying, such as the decrease in parts applied with Ppuri-technology due to the mobility transition to digital and eco-friendly, the containment of advanced countries through technological innovation, and the pursuit of China in the field of general-purpose machinery and equipment. In addition, growth stagnation at Ppuri-companies is prolonging due to deterioration in profitability due to worsening management of export manufacturing industries such as automobiles and Korea, and chronic shortages of job openings. Until now, a lot of efforts have been made to maximize support effects and improve efficiency by designating and supporting “Ppuri-industry specialized complex” to strengthen the competitiveness and viability of Ppuri-companies, creating connections and demand with local major industries through industry specialization, and supporting joint infra-structure and innovation activities. However, the effect is focused on the reduction of energy and distribution costs by spatial integration the same industry, and changes in policies and support projects are required for the expansion of “Ppuri-industry specialized complex” in the future. In this research, I tried to find a plan to revitalize the Ppuri-industry cluster through analysis of the location of the Ppuri-industry and the industrial ecosystem. As a result, it is necessary to expand the concept of specialized complexes that emphasize the same industry, form a consultative body for clustering root industries, strengthen network-type cooperation among root companies, develop a support business model that matches the characteristics of each type of the industry specialized complexes, and diversify support targets and methods.